2\Explaining the forms of occupational hazards
Occupational hazards classification
One, dust
(a) silica dust (free silicon dioxide content of more than 10% of inorganic dust) (b) coal dust (coal silica dust) (c) graphite dust (e) asbestos dust (d) carbon black dust (f) talcum dust (g) cement dust (h) mica dust (i) ceramic dust (j) aluminum dust (k) mica dust (l) aluminum dust (mica dust) (l) aluminum dust (mica dust) (l) aluminum dust (l) aluminum dust (l) aluminum dust (l) aluminum dust (l) aluminum dust (l) aluminum dust (l) aluminum dust (l) aluminum dust (mica dust) ) ceramic dust (10) aluminum dust (aluminum, aluminum alloy, alumina dust) (11) welding fume (12) casting dust (13) other dust
second, radioactive substances (ionizing radiation)
third, chemical substances
, occupational tumors of occupational disease hazards
, other occupational disease hazards
Three preventive and curative measures
Protection and management in the labor process (1/2) Article 21 The employer shall take the following (9) ceramic dust listed occupational disease prevention and management measures:
(1) set up or designate occupational health management institutions or organizations, with full-time or part-time occupational health management personnel, responsible for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in the unit;
(2) formulate the prevention and treatment plan and implementation plan for occupational diseases;
(2) formulate occupational disease prevention and treatment plan and implementation plan;
(3) other occupational disease hazards
. prevention and control plans and implementation programs;
(c) establish and improve the occupational health management system and operating procedures;
(d) establish and improve the occupational health files and workers' health monitoring files;
(e) establish and improve the monitoring and evaluation system of occupational disease hazards at the workplace;
(f) establish and improve the emergency response and rescue plan for occupational disease hazards. Rescue plan.
Article 22 The employer shall ensure that the funds required for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases are invested, and shall not be crowded out or misappropriated, and shall assume responsibility for the consequences of insufficient investment.
Article 23 Employers must adopt effective occupational disease protection facilities, and provide workers with personal use of occupational disease protection equipment.
The occupational disease protection articles provided by an employer for individual workers must meet the requirements for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases; if they do not meet the requirements, they may not be used.
Article 24 An employer shall give priority to the use of new technologies, processes, equipment and materials that are conducive to the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the protection of workers' health, and gradually replace those technologies, processes, equipment and materials that pose serious hazards in terms of occupational diseases.
Article 25 An employer who creates hazards of occupational diseases shall set up a bulletin board in a conspicuous position to publicize the rules and regulations on the prevention and control of occupational diseases, operating procedures, emergency rescue measures for occupational disease hazards, and the results of testing of occupational disease hazards in the workplace.
Serious occupational hazards of the workplace, should be in a conspicuous position, set up warning signs and warning instructions in Chinese. Warning instructions should contain the type of occupational disease hazards, consequences, prevention and emergency treatment measures.
Article 26 of the acute occupational injuries may occur in toxic, hazardous workplaces, the employer shall set up alarm devices, configure on-site first aid supplies, flushing equipment, emergency evacuation routes and the necessary relief area.
For the transportation and storage of radioactive workplaces and radioisotopes, the employer must configure protective equipment and alarm devices, and ensure that workers exposed to radiation wear personal dosimeters.
Occupational disease protection equipment, emergency rescue facilities and personal use of occupational disease protection supplies, the employer shall carry out regular maintenance, overhaul, regular testing of its performance and effectiveness, to ensure that it is in a normal state, and shall not be removed without authorization or stop using.
Article 27 The employer shall implement daily monitoring of occupational disease hazards by specialized personnel, and ensure that the monitoring system is in normal operation.
The employer shall, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council supervision and management department of work safety, regularly test and evaluate occupational hazards in the workplace. Detection, evaluation results are deposited in the employer's occupational health file, regularly report to the local production safety supervision and management departments and announced to the workers.
Occupational hazards detection, evaluation by the State Council's Work Safety Supervision and Administration established by law to obtain the safety production supervision and management department or the local people's government above the municipal level in accordance with the division of responsibilities to give the qualification recognition of occupational health technical service organizations. Occupational health technical service organization testing, evaluation should be objective and true.
The discovery of occupational hazards in the workplace does not meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements, the employer shall immediately take appropriate measures to manage, still can not meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements, must stop the existence of occupational hazards of the operation; occupational hazards of the management of the factors, in line with the national occupational health standards and health requirements before re-opening the operation.
Article 28 occupational health technical service organizations engaged in occupational disease hazards according to law detection, evaluation, accept the supervision and management of production safety supervision and inspection departments. Supervision and management of production safety departments shall perform their supervisory duties in accordance with law.
Article 29 to provide the employer with equipment that may produce occupational hazards, should provide Chinese instructions, and set up in a conspicuous position in the equipment warning signs and Chinese warning instructions. Warning instructions should contain the performance of the equipment, the possible hazards of occupational diseases, safe operation and maintenance of precautions, protection against occupational diseases, as well as emergency treatment measures.
Article 30 to provide the employer may produce occupational hazards of chemicals, radioisotopes and materials containing radioactive substances, shall provide Chinese instructions. Instructions should contain product characteristics, the main ingredients, the presence of harmful factors, may produce harmful effects, safety precautions, occupational disease protection and emergency treatment measures. Product packaging should have conspicuous warning signs and Chinese warning instructions. Storage of the above materials should be set up in the required parts of the place of dangerous goods or radioactive warning signs.
The first domestic use or the first import of chemical materials related to occupational hazards, the use of units or imported units in accordance with state regulations approved by the relevant departments of the State Council, the State Council administrative department of health, production safety supervision and management departments should be submitted to the toxicity of the chemical material identification and registration by the relevant departments or approval of the import of documents and other information.
Imported radioisotopes, radiation devices and articles containing radioactive substances, in accordance with relevant state regulations.
Article 31 No unit or individual shall produce, operate, import or use equipment or materials that may produce occupational disease hazards, the use of which is expressly prohibited by the State.
Article 32 No unit or individual shall transfer operations that generate occupational disease hazards to units or individuals that do not have the conditions for occupational disease protection. Units and individuals who do not have the conditions for protection against occupational diseases shall not accept operations that produce occupational disease hazards.
Article 33 An employer shall be aware of the occupational hazards of the technologies, processes, equipment and materials it adopts, and if it adopts technologies, processes, equipment and materials that are hazardous to occupational diseases while concealing their hazards, it shall bear the responsibility for the consequences of the hazards of occupational diseases it creates.
Article 34 When an employer enters into a labor contract (including employment contract, the same hereinafter) with a worker, the employer shall truthfully inform the worker of the hazards of occupational diseases that may arise in the course of the work and their consequences, as well as the measures for protection against occupational diseases and the treatment of the worker, and shall state the same in the labor contract without concealment or deception.
When a worker engages in an operation that is not informed of the hazards of occupational diseases in the labor contract due to a change in job position or job content during the period for which the labor contract has been concluded, the employer shall, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, fulfill the obligation to inform the worker of the truthfulness of this obligation, and negotiate a change in the relevant provisions of the original labor contract.
If the employer violates the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, the worker has the right to refuse to engage in the work of occupational disease hazards, and the employer shall not terminate the labor contract with the worker.
Edited Chapter III Protection and Management of Protection in the Course of Labor (2/2)
Article 35 The principal person in charge of an employing unit and the occupational health management personnel shall be trained in occupational health, abide by the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of occupational diseases, and organize the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the unit in accordance with the law.
The employer shall provide occupational hygiene training to workers before they start work and regular occupational hygiene training during their employment, popularize occupational hygiene knowledge, urge workers to comply with occupational disease prevention and control laws, rules and regulations and operating procedures, and guide workers to correctly use the occupational disease protection equipment and personal use of occupational disease protection articles.
Laborers should learn and master relevant occupational health knowledge, enhance awareness of occupational disease prevention, comply with occupational disease prevention and control laws, rules, regulations and operating procedures, the correct use and maintenance of occupational disease protection equipment and personal use of occupational disease protective equipment, and find occupational disease hazards should be reported in a timely manner.
Laborers do not fulfill the obligations set out in the preceding paragraph, the employer shall educate them. Article 36 of the workers engaged in operations exposed to occupational disease hazards, the employer shall, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council supervision and management department of work safety, health administration department to organize the pre-employment, on-the-job and off-the-job occupational health examination, and will inform the workers in writing of the results of the examination. Occupational health examination costs borne by the employer.
The employer shall not arrange for workers who have not undergone a pre-employment occupational health examination to engage in operations exposed to the hazards of occupational diseases; it shall not arrange for workers with occupational contraindications to engage in operations contraindicated by such contraindications; workers who are found to have health impairments related to the occupations they are engaged in in an occupational health examination shall be transferred out of their original workplaces and be properly resettled; and those who do not undergo a pre-employment occupational health examination shall not be dismissed or terminated from the labor force. shall not cancel or terminate the labor contract concluded with them.
Occupational health examinations shall be undertaken by medical and health institutions approved by the health administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the provincial level.
Article 37 An employer shall establish an occupational health monitoring file for a worker and keep it properly in accordance with the prescribed period.
Occupational health supervision files shall include the workers' occupational history, history of exposure to occupational hazards, occupational health examination results and diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases and other relevant personal health information.
When workers leave the employer, they have the right to ask for a copy of their occupational health monitoring files, and the employer shall provide them truthfully and free of charge, and sign on the copies provided.