First, the site selection:
What are the main issues to pay attention to the site selection of the turtle farm, generally to seize the following two issues.
1, the surrounding environment
Turtle farms are generally chosen to avoid the downtown crowded place. Because the turtle is timid, like quiet and afraid of shock, the shock will affect its feeding growth and reproduction. Turtle action is slow, frightened will shrink head, easy to be caught, so there must be appropriate anti-theft measures. Try not to build in the pollutant discharge lot, to ensure that the air in the field is fresh and the water source will not be polluted. Of course, there is a source of fresh bait in the area is also a favorable condition, can reduce the cost of breeding.
2, the natural environment
Turtle farms should be selected in the sun, good light, water quality standards in line with the fisheries, the source of adequate and convenient place to build. Turtle activities on land, light can kill germs on the body surface, parasitic organisms, improve body temperature to promote growth and development. Turtle, yellow-throated water turtle and other water-loving turtle species in the breeding process have a large part of the time living in the water. Therefore, good water quality is one of the main conditions to ensure the healthy growth of turtles. Turtle adapted to the growth of water quality requirements: pH value of 7-8, water transparency of 20-30 centimeters (water green). Dissolved oxygen in 4-6mg / l. General rivers, lakes, reservoirs can adapt to the growth of fish water body can also be used for turtle water. In the absence of rivers and lakes, groundwater can also be used for turtle farming. In addition, the location of the turtle farm should be in a convenient way to enter the drainage conditions.
Second, the design of the turtle farm
With an annual output of 500 kg of adult turtles can be divided into two modes of natural conventional farming and temperature-controlled farming, each should have the following conditions.
1. Conventional turtle farming:
(1) 1 mu of parent turtle pool, stocked with 500 parent turtles (including 400 female turtles).
(2) Juvenile turtle pool 30 square meters (3 square meters × 10) can raise 3000-4000 juvenile turtles.
(3) Hatchling pool 200 square meters (50 square meters × 4) can raise 4000 hatchlings.
(4) Adult turtle pool 5 mu (1 mu × 5) can raise 5000 adult turtles.
(5) Turtle egg incubation and feed processing, etc. 50 square meters.
The growth rate of adult turtles at room temperature is about 100 grams per year. Theoretically speaking, breeding adult turtles 5000 annual production of turtles up to 500 kg, but due to the natural temperature conditions of the growth season is short, subject to a winter hibernation, from hatching out to grow into a commercial specification law, (300-400 grams), have 5-6 years, long breeding cycle, to achieve sustained production, need to take up a larger area of the turnover of the adult turtle pool. Bait consumption, disease incidence is high, low survival rate. Investment recovery time is long, and can not adjust the scale of production according to market demand in a timely manner, is the disadvantage of room temperature turtle.
2, heating turtle:
(1) pro-turtle pool area of 1 acre, stocked with 500 pro-turtle.
(2) Juvenile turtle pool in the greenhouse 15 square meters (3 square meters × 5).
(3) 40 square meters of hatchling pool in the greenhouse (20 square meters × 2).
(4) Greenhouse adult turtle pool 100-200 square meters (50 square meters × 4).
(5) 1 open-air adult turtle pool, 1-2 acres (Tun raising commercial turtles).
(6) 0.2 tons of steam boiler.
(7) A set of aerated oxygenation equipment.
(8) 40 square meters of hatching bait room.
(9) Try to use groundwater to supplement the breeding water. Where there are geothermal resources, heating equipment such as boilers can be dispensed with.
Heated fast turtle although the investment is large, high production costs, but can improve the growth rate of turtles, from young turtles into commercial turtle specifications, only 12-14 months, the production cycle is greatly reduced shorten, fast payback, high efficiency, intensive farming under artificial control, the production site occupies less, the same production scale only one-third of the size of the natural culture to one-fourth of the area can be reached. Achieved. Diseases can be prevented and treated in time under artificial control. The survival rate is higher than natural breeding. Because the production cost of turtle heating culture is much lower than the market price, so the development of heating rapid turtle farming is still attractive.
3, the construction of turtle pools are generally built to support the pro-turtle pools, baby turtle pools, young turtle pools and adult turtle pools.
(1) pro-turtle pool:
The pro-turtle pool area of 1 to 2 acres, rectangular, length and width ratio of 1.5 to 2 between the east and west as well as the long, the pond is built with the terrain. Pool depth of 1.5 to 1.8 meters, water injection depth of 1 to 1.5 meters. Pool around the 1:2.5 slope bank to leave 2-3 meters wide open space for turtles on the shore activities. In the pool on the north slope of the bank to build a certain area of spawning ground paved with 30 cm thick loose sandy loam is good. Spawning area to an average of 0.1 square meters per female turtle on the calculation can be built to stop the canopy or planted in the vicinity of broad-leaved trees as shade to keep the soil moist. Turtle pool bank around the need to build a circle of 40 cm high anti-escape wall. The base of the wall is 30 centimeters deep under the soil, and the inside of the wall is plastered with cement.
(2) baby turtle pool
1.5-3 square meters of each pool can be a baby turtle pool, brick cement plastered pool to be smooth. Pool depth of 30-50 centimeters, water storage depth of 20-30 centimeters, the bottom of the 5-centimeter-thick fine sand, the pool built-in wooden planks for bait platform and resting platform. The overflow pipe is set to keep the water surface below the top of the pool wall for 10 centimeters to prevent the baby turtles from escaping from the pool. It is best to build the baby turtle pool indoors.
(3) Hatchling pool
Outdoor hatchling pool can be built into 50-100 square meters of earth pool or masonry. Pool depth of 1.5 meters, water depth of 0.8-1.2 meters, the bottom of the pool into a 2% incline to the drain, the hard bottom of 10-15 cm thick fine sand. In the turtle pool on the north shore to make 30 degrees of slope and leave one-third of the water surface of the land for the turtle on the shore activities, and the junction of land and water along the shore with cement wipe 50 cm wide food platform. The land on the shore to build a part of the balcony, summer sun shade, play a role in preventing summer cooling.
(4) adult turtle pool
Room temperature culture adult turtle pool built outdoors. It is mainly an earthen pond with an area of 1-1.5 acres, or a fish pond with a size of 3-4 acres is converted. Earthen pools on all sides into a 2:1 slope, leaving a 2-meter-wide activity site on the bank. Along the north bank, 50 centimeters of cement is smeared along the waterline for the bait table. Turtle pool to the east and west of the rectangle is good, if the shore is not a wide margin of land, can be set up in the pool of a certain area of artificial "turtle island" for the turtle to rest on the shore in the sun. Turtle pool depth of 1.5-1.8 meters, water depth of 1.2 cm or so, the pool around the construction of 30-40 cm high anti-escape wall, the bottom of the pool for 20-30 cm thick soft mud or 20 cm thick fine sand.
The greenhouse hatchling pool area of about 20 square meters of cement pool. Pool depth of 1-1.2 meters, the water level is controlled by the overflow pipe within 0.8 meters, the bottom of the pool to the drainage outlet tilt, the drainage outlet with a steel mesh stop cover. Temperature-regulated hot water from the pool in the drainage pipe into a small hole, the pool set up a bait platform, with a sloping plate into the water for the turtle on the platform feeding, rest.
The structure of the greenhouse turtle pool is basically the same as the indoor hatchling turtle, just a larger area of 50 square meters or so, the pool depth of 1.5 meters, water storage 1-1.2 meters. In order to obtain an effective water area, can be arranged on three sides of the pool removable ramp plate for the turtle out of the water to rest, and the other side of the drainage outlet set up baiting table, baiting table for 2-3 centimeters on the baffle to prevent the feed fell into the water.
4, greenhouse turtle
Now the breeding mode is generally used to artificially control the temperature, breaking the hibernation habits of the turtle, so that the turtle in spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons can be normal growth, and feeding nutritional composite feed to accelerate the growth rate of turtles. It only takes about one year for commercial turtles to grow up. At present, domestic greenhouse turtle farming has been developed to a larger scale, and has accumulated more mature experience. Turtle temperature-controlled culture has also been developed in recent years. As turtles and soft-shelled turtles are all warming animals with similar growth temperature requirements and hibernation habits, some turtle farms utilize the turtle's greenhouse to raise turtles, or refer to draw on the turtle greenhouse technology to build a new turtle greenhouse.
(1) greenhouse orientation and layout
According to the geographic location of our country, elected to use a single-slope light transmission greenhouse, the slope should be oriented to the south east of about 10 degrees is appropriate, this orientation greenhouse in winter can increase the sun's irradiation, so that the indoor temperature, there are more than two parallel arrangement, the front and back of the distance between the building should be maintained more than 5 meters. Selection of double-slope translucent greenhouse, in order to make the two slopes can get uniform light intensity, should take the long axis of the greenhouse, north-south towards the east 5 degrees of the angle is good, parallel distance between the buildings 1-2 meters.
(2) greenhouse construction
From the structure and function is divided into two categories, one for the fully enclosed greenhouse, a brick structure of the workshop-type greenhouse and the use of underground human defense works converted to underground greenhouse. Totally enclosed greenhouse insulation is good, not affected by the external environment, can be designed as a multi-storey turtle pool, area utilization rate is high, can reach 130%. One-time investment is large, indoor lack of light, poor ecological conditions. The water body has no self-purification ability, to change the water, all rely on electric lighting, power consumption is relatively large.
Another type of sunlight greenhouse can be used for sunlight heat and light, which has a sloping glass roof greenhouse and arch-shaped plastic greenhouse. This type of greenhouse insulation is poor, energy consumption, susceptible to external interference, but its construction costs are low, indoor ecological conditions are good, can use the sun's heat. Turtle in the sun greenhouse disease is relatively less.
5, in the case of less money can be heated turtle
In the countryside according to the situation can build simple plastic greenhouse to develop the courtyard economy. Simple plastic shed with soil heating and other facilities can also be heated turtle. Simple shed shed area ranging from 50-300 square meters. Span width of 6 meters or less, trellis frame made of bamboo, wood or steel pipe. Covered with plastic film, this type of scaffolding can be locally sourced materials, simple construction, available stoves and soil method of heating, but poor insulation. Scaffolding structure is simple, poor steel can not resist the wind.
In addition, rural areas can use ponds, puddles and other water surface construction of simple turtle ponds, around the pool with asbestos tiles inserted into the enclosure to prevent the turtle from escaping, leaving a small piece of land on the edge of the ground for feeding and resting turtles on the shore, for the old ponds, it is best to raise the pond mud in the breeding before the thorough disinfection treatment of the pond to do a good job to prevent the inflow of sewage. Pit pond area of 50 square meters or less, but also in the late fall with a simple plastic film covering the pond, to prevent the water temperature from dropping prematurely, during the day you can also use the sunlight to warm the water. Therefore, in the fall and spring when the temperature is low, you can make the pond water to maintain a suitable breeding temperature for turtles. Compare the natural temperature of two months more breeding time. No more heating in winter. This is a very low investment and is suitable for a small amount of breeding.