Children have been taught to save water since childhood, but do you know how to do this in daily life? Here are some ways:
1. Don't leave the faucet on when washing dishes and washing by hand. One basin should be filled with dishwashing water and the other basin should be filled with water.
Turn on your dishwasher only when it is full, which will save you 1000 gallons of water every month.
Check your water meter and record your water consumption.
4. Wash things with a basin or sink full of water instead of running water directly from the faucet.
Use the water you washed to water the plants planted in your home.
6. Install a water-saving toilet.
7. Designate a cup to drink water every day, which will reduce the frequency of washing.
8. Teach your child to tighten the tap after running out of water.
9. When washing clothes, adjust the water level to suit your clothes.
10. When you want to dry your pots and pans, don't leave the tap on, you can soak them.
1 1. Use recycled water from commercial car wash points to wash cars.
12. Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth.
13. Encourage your school and local government to help develop and popularize the concept of water conservation among the population.
14. Clean your driveway, sidewalk or other parts of your home with a broom instead of a hose.
15. Find a place that needs water for your pet to bathe outdoors, such as lawn or under a big tree.
Water price policy is a means to protect water resources and save water, which can limit users' water consumption to a certain extent, especially industrial water consumption. Facts have proved that low water price is one of the reasons for wasting water. Experts pointed out that the increase of water price 10% will reduce domestic water consumption by 3%-7%.
Water is the source of life.
Water-saving measures in Beijing were implemented in May 2005.
Article 1 In order to strengthen the management of water conservation, scientifically and rationally utilize water resources and build a water-saving society, it shall be implemented in accordance with the Water Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Beijing Municipality.
Article 2 These Measures shall apply to water conservation and water conservation management within the administrative area of this Municipality.
Article 3 This Municipality strictly saves water, uniformly allocates surface water, groundwater and reclaimed water according to the principle of planned water supply and quota management, gives play to the role of price in regulating water use, and adopts administrative, economic, engineering, scientific and technological measures to promote water conservation.
Article 4 People's governments at all levels shall establish a responsibility system for water conservation, incorporate water conservation into the national economic and social development plan, improve the socialized service system for water conservation, popularize new technologies, processes and equipment for water conservation, cultivate and develop water-saving industries, organize publicity activities for water conservation, and raise the awareness of water conservation in the whole society. All units and individuals have the obligation to save water.
Article 5 The water administrative department of the Municipal People's Government (hereinafter referred to as the municipal water-saving administrative department) shall be responsible for the unified management and supervision of water conservation in the whole city. The water conservation management department designated by the water administrative department of the district or county people's government and the district people's government without the water administrative department (hereinafter referred to as the water conservation management department of the district or county) shall be responsible for the supervision and management of water conservation within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the prescribed authority. The relevant departments of the municipal, district and county people's governments shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, be responsible for the work related to water conservation within their respective administrative areas.
Sixth units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to water conservation and water conservation management shall be commended and rewarded by the municipal, district and county people's governments. Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in the research and development of water-saving science and technology and the creation of water-saving society, water-saving units and water-saving communities shall be commended and rewarded by the municipal, district and county water-saving management departments. Individuals who have made remarkable achievements in the popularization and application of water-saving science and technology and water-saving management shall be commended and rewarded by their units.
Seventh municipal water-saving management department shall prepare the city's water-saving planning, and organize the implementation after the approval of the Municipal People's government. District and county water-saving management departments shall, according to the city's water-saving planning, prepare the water-saving planning of their respective administrative areas, and organize the implementation after being approved by the people's government at the same level.
Article 8 The municipal administrative department of development and reform shall, jointly with the municipal water-saving management department and other relevant departments, formulate a catalogue of investment projects and a catalogue of restricted development projects in this Municipality according to the water resources situation, so as to restrict backward development and high water consumption of industrial, agricultural and service projects.
Article 9 The water quota for product production and service in relevant industries in this Municipality shall be formulated by the competent departments of relevant industries in this Municipality and submitted to the municipal water-saving management department and the municipal quality supervision and inspection administrative department for examination and approval; There is no industrial water quota in charge of the industry, which is formulated by the municipal water-saving management department and the municipal quality supervision and inspection administrative department. Industry water quota by the Municipal People's government announced to the public.
Article 10 The water-saving management department shall, according to the annual water use plan, the water quota of relevant industries and the needs of users' life, production and operation, verify the water consumption index of users, and reach the relevant users under the water consumption index in the next year before 65438+February 3 1 day. Before new water-using units and new water-using projects are put into use, they shall apply to the water-saving management department for verification of water use indicators.
Eleventh water units in the city migration, the original approved water indicators continue to be effective. If water users need to transfer water use indicators within the territory of this Municipality, they shall go through the formalities for the transfer of water use indicators at the municipal or relevant district/county water-saving management departments in time.
Article 12 Water shall be metered. Water supply units and users should install water metering facilities, and strengthen the inspection and daily maintenance of water metering facilities to ensure accurate measurement. If the water metering facilities are damaged, they shall be repaired or replaced in time. For water users without water metering facilities, the water-saving management department shall order them to install within a time limit, and from the date of water intake, calculate the water intake according to the engineering design water intake capacity or the rated flow of water intake equipment during the whole operation period until the water metering facilities are installed.
Thirteenth water users have more than two types of water need to be priced differently, and water metering facilities should be installed according to different types of water. If water users fail to install water metering facilities according to different water categories, the charges shall be calculated according to the highest standard of water price of the water category of the unit.
Fourteenth water users should use water according to the annual water consumption index issued by the water-saving management department; For the excess water consumption, in addition to the actual water fee, the water-saving management department will charge a progressive price increase fee according to the actual water price standard implemented by the unit: the part below 20% (inclusive) of the specified amount will be charged according to the standard of double the water price; The part exceeding the prescribed amount by 20% to 40% (inclusive) shall be charged according to the standard of twice the water price; More than 40% of the specified amount is charged according to the standard of three times the water price.
Fifteenth water supply units and other units that directly take water from rivers, lakes or underground shall, in accordance with the requirements of water-saving management departments, timely and accurately submit the water supply situation or actual water consumption.
Sixteenth new construction, expansion and reconstruction of water-saving facilities should be designed, constructed and put into use at the same time as the main project. When examining and approving the design scheme of a construction project, the planning administrative department shall solicit the opinions of the water-saving management department at the same level on the scheme of water-saving facilities; Planning and design units shall design water-saving facilities in accordance with national and municipal water-saving standards and norms; The construction drawing review unit shall strictly review the relevant contents of water saving. After the completion of water-saving facilities, the construction unit shall report to the water-saving management department for acceptance. Without acceptance or unqualified acceptance, construction projects shall not be used, water-saving management departments shall not approve water use indicators, and water supply units shall not formally supply water. Water-saving facilities include water appliances, processes, equipment, metering facilities, reclaimed water recycling system and rainwater collection and utilization system.
Seventeenth city housing demolition, demolition should be based on the demolition construction progress, and the water supply unit signed an agreement to stop water supply, clear water-saving management responsibility of the demolition construction site. The water supply unit shall cooperate with the demolition construction progress and take timely measures to close the water supply pipeline at the demolition construction site.
Eighteenth industrial water users should adopt advanced technology, technology and equipment, increase the number of circulating water, improve the reuse rate of water. Production enterprises that use water as raw materials should adopt water-saving production techniques and technologies to reduce the loss of water resources. Reclaimed water should meet the quality requirements of industrial water in the area covered by reclaimed water transmission and distribution pipelines. Indirect cooling water should be recycled, and the recycling rate should not be less than 95%. The water output of pure water production enterprises shall not be less than 70% of raw water.
Nineteenth municipal administrative departments of agriculture and forestry shall, jointly with relevant departments, adjust the layout of agricultural production and the structure of water use for forestry, animal husbandry and fishery according to the water resources situation of this Municipality. The district and county people's governments shall, according to the water resources situation within their respective administrative areas, guide agricultural production and business units and individuals to rationally adjust the crop planting structure, develop efficient and water-saving agriculture, and limit and reduce the crop planting area with large water consumption and low efficiency.
Twentieth agricultural water should be metered and charged. In rural areas, villagers' domestic water, township enterprises' production water and irrigation water are gradually metered by installing separate water metering facilities. Advanced water-saving irrigation methods such as pipeline water delivery, canal seepage prevention, sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation and drip irrigation should be adopted in farmland irrigation to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization.
Twenty-first agricultural wells are changed to non-agricultural purposes, and water users shall go through the formalities of change in the water-saving management department, re-check the water use indicators, and pay the price according to the new water use category.
Twenty-second green water to encourage the use of rainwater and reclaimed water that meet the water quality requirements, and gradually reduce the use of urban tap water. Urban green space, trees and flowers should adopt sprinkler irrigation, micro irrigation, drip irrigation and other water-saving irrigation methods, strictly implement the landscaping irrigation system, and improve the efficiency of greening water use. Rainwater or reclaimed water shall be used for landscape water and other municipal miscellaneous water in residential quarters and units, and tap water shall not be used.
Twenty-third car wash enterprises should build recycling water facilities. Car washing enterprises that have access to reclaimed water in the area covered by reclaimed water transmission and distribution pipelines should use reclaimed water.
Article 24 It is forbidden to produce and sell equipment and products with high water consumption that have been explicitly eliminated by the state, as well as water appliances that have not been certified as water-saving products and do not meet the water-saving standards of this Municipality. The municipal water-saving management department shall, jointly with the municipal administrative department of quality supervision and inspection, confirm the List of Water-saving Appliances and the List of Water-using Appliances that have been explicitly eliminated, and announce them to the public.
Bathing water saving
Take a shower with a shower nozzle: (1) Learn to adjust the ratio of hot and cold water. (2) Don't keep the water in the sprinkler open all the time, let alone open it. (3) Try to get wet from head to toe, then wipe the whole body with soap and rinse it for the last time. Don't wash your hair, upper body, lower body and feet alone. (4) Take a bath with concentration, hurry up, don't be idle, or wash while chatting. Don't have a big water fight with your good friends in the bathroom. Remember: time is water! (5) Don't take the opportunity of taking a bath to "wash clothes and shoes by the way". Take a bath in the bathtub. Be careful not to fill it with water. 1/3-? A basin is enough.
Toilet water saving
(1) If you think the water tank of the toilet is too big, you can put a brick or a coca-cola bottle filled with water vertically in the tank to reduce the amount of water flushed each time. However, it should be noted that bricks or coke bottles should not interfere with the movement of water tank components. (2) The water tank always leaks the most, and the water stop rubber is not tight, not only water. After the water is full, it flows away from the overflow hole; If the water stop rubber at the outlet is not tight, the water will keep flowing away and the water will keep entering the inlet pipe. (3) Using the collected domestic wastewater to flush the toilet, one water can be used for multiple purposes, saving clean water. (4) Regardless of the size and thickness of the garbage, it should be removed from the garbage passage and cannot be washed away with toilet water.
Tips for solving toilet leakage
The bucket in my toilet used to leak. I thought of a simple and easy method, which has basically solved the water leakage problem for nearly a year. The main reason of water tank leakage is that the copper wire connecting the handle and the leather cup is often stuck, which causes the leather cup not to fall down, and the leather cup cannot be completely blocked if it does not go down, resulting in water leakage. You can twist the plastic belt into a plastic rope, put the plastic rope through the iron ring on the leather cup, and connect both ends to the handle rocker arm. Plastic rope is strong and not afraid of blisters, and it should be changed once every six months. Users with leaking water tanks may wish to have a try.
How to save water in washing machine
Washing clothes with a washing machine is labor-saving and convenient, but it also has some disadvantages, that is, it uses three-fifths more water than washing clothes by hand. How to save water as much as possible? You might as well insist on washing more than three clothes with the washing machine, and washing one or two small clothes by hand. In particular, we should insist on cleaning the foam first and then rinsing, so that the clothes will be clean after rinsing twice. Therefore, more than one third of water can be saved.
Multi-purpose of one water
(1) You can wash your feet and then flush the toilet. (2) A vat for collecting waste water should be prepared at home, which can completely guarantee the water needed for flushing the toilet. (3) Rice washing water and noodle cooking water are used to wash dishes and chopsticks, which not only removes oil but also saves water. (4) Raising fish and watering flowers can promote the growth of flowers and trees.
Washing dishes can save water. When washing dishes at home, it is best to wipe off the oil on the tableware with paper first, then wash it with hot water, and finally rinse it with warmer or colder water.
Toys are children's close companions. However, some toys (such as water guns) need to consume water and are not recommended, especially in places where water resources are scarce. There are also some naughty teenagers who splash water on each other under the tap water. They are very happy. Unconsciously, the clean ground is wet, and passers-by are scared to hide, wasting a lot of water. How terrible!
In winter in the north, water pipes are prone to frost crack and water leakage is serious, so special attention should be paid to prevention and inspection. For example, (1) covered sand washed away by flood in rainy season should be replenished before winter to prevent water pipes from being damaged by shallow freezing. (2) Anti-freezing equipment (anti-freezing bolts, anti-freezing wooden cases, etc. ) should be installed on faucets and water pipes outside the house. (3) Where there is ice in the house, it should also be wrapped in sacks and wrapped with straw ropes. (4) Doors and windows of houses with water pipes should be pasted, and attention should be paid to indoor insulation. (5) Once the water pipe freezes, don't bake it with fire or burn it with boiling water (that will damage the water pipe and faucet due to sudden expansion). You should wrap the faucet with a hot towel to help thaw it.
Household water use record
As the saying goes, be diligent in writing and avoid thinking. If you record the readings of the water meter at home at a fixed time every day (at a fixed time in the morning or evening), there will be many benefits. (1) Daily, monthly and annual water consumption can be easily found out, and water payment is no longer blind. (2) Because the water consumption has been recorded, we can see if there is any waste and know where to start saving water. (3) It is not difficult to write it down every day, but it will take several months or years, which is a moderate interference test for perseverance, perseverance, patience and carefulness. (4) Write down this log and you can see the change of water consumption. What is the relationship between this change and factors such as temperature, cloudy eyes, dryness and wetness? Is it related to the changes in family living standards (buying electric fans, refrigerators, air conditioners, changes in eating habits, etc.)? )? Who says this is not scientific research?
Flow is the amount of water flowing out (flowing through) per unit time (such as 1 sec). Measuring the flow of tap water at home is the same as measuring the flow of the Yangtze River, but the method is different. Prepare an ordinary bucket and calculate its volume (for example, 18.6 liters); Prepare a horse watch or an ordinary watch. When measuring, first turn on the faucet to the maximum extent, after the water flow is balanced, move the bucket to full, stop timing and read the duration (for example, 23.4 seconds); The measured flow value is volume divided by time, that is, 18.6/23.4=0.795 liter/second. For the sake of reliability, measure it three times and take the average of the three results. If a water meter is installed at home, you can know the flow of water by reading the water meter, so it is more convenient to measure the flow.
Small water-saving experiment
When you think of adopting a water-saving method, you can do an experiment by yourself. This must be interesting. For example, if you put bricks in the toilet tank, you can know the change of primary water use by measuring the flow. From the household water consumption records, we can also see the change of water consumption in one day and one month, and we can roughly estimate the change.
Water saving propagandist
Saving water is everyone's responsibility. Only when everyone pays attention to saving water can we leave without water, life will be stable and harmonious, and the environment will be beautiful and comfortable. After we teenagers understand these truths, we should not only do it ourselves, but also do a good job of publicity and tell our relatives and friends so that everyone can save water. This is also the contribution we can make to society.
Saving water is our common responsibility.
At the beginning of the new millennium, the themes of "World Water Day" and "China Water Week" are "Sanitary Water Use" and "Strengthening Conservation and Protection to Realize Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources" respectively. Looking at this theme, we can't help but think of the famous aphorism: If we don't cherish the precious water resources, then the last drop of water on the earth is probably our tears!
Water resources, a "crisis" facing human society.
Water is one of the important resources for human survival and development, and it is an indispensable and irreplaceable special resource. Without water, there would be no life, no civilization progress, no economic development and no social stability. The water resources in the world are limited, so the economic and social development must adapt to the water supply, and the water cannot be used indefinitely or exceed the carrying capacity of water resources. In today's world, with the continuous growth of population and economic development, the demand for fresh water resources is increasing day by day; At the same time, due to unreasonable utilization, the shortage of fresh water resources is increasingly tense.
China has been short of water for a long time. Historically, China is a country with frequent droughts, known as "nine droughts in ten years". In the historical documents of more than 2200 years, there have been 1300 droughts. China's per capita water resources are only about 2,300 cubic meters, which is about a quarter of the world's per capita water. Water resources in China are not only less per capita, but also unevenly distributed. The basin area north of the Yangtze River accounts for 63.5% of the land area, while water resources account for 19% of the whole country. With the development of society and economy, the gap of water resources is getting bigger and bigger. At present, China's agricultural irrigation lacks more than 30 billion cubic meters of water every year on average, and there are still more than 30 million people in rural areas who have difficulty drinking water. There are more than 400 cities in China that are short of water, and there are more than 1 10 cities that are seriously short of water. The daily water shortage in Chinese cities is160,000 cubic meters, which affects the industrial output value by more than 200 billion yuan every year, and the urban population is about 40 million.
In addition to China, there are many countries and regions in the world with serious water shortage problems.
The United Nations Water Conference pointed out: "We are entering a new era of water shortage". The increasingly serious global water crisis has aroused great concern of the international community. 1972 United Nations Conference on Human Environment and 1977 United Nations Water Conference warned the world: "Water will soon become a serious social crisis, and the next crisis after the oil crisis is water." Countries all over the world have begun to pay unprecedented attention to water problems, and gradually formed a * * * understanding of water crisis. 1In August, 1995, the World Bank survey report announced that 26 countries, accounting for 40% of the world's population, were facing water crisis, and their agriculture, industry and people's health were seriously threatened; About 654.38 billion people in developing countries do not have access to clean water, 654.38 billion people do not have good sanitation facilities, 80% of diseases are caused by drinking unclean water, and 25 million people die every year. 1999 World Water Day, the United Nations warned that with the development of human production and the improvement of living standards, the world water consumption is increasing at an annual rate of 5%, and the total water consumption will double every 15 years. Unless governments take effective measures, before 2025, more than half of the population on earth will face the crisis of fresh water resources, and more than one third of the population will not be clean. The shortage of water resources has become the main restricting factor of global social and economic development. Rational utilization of water resources is an urgent task for sustainable development of human beings, and water saving is the key to rational utilization of water resources, and it is also one of the fastest, most feasible and most extensive ways to maintain sustainable utilization of water resources.
Saving water is an inevitable choice for sustainable development.
1992 170 heads of state and government put forward the strategy of sustainable development in the "2 1 Agenda Declaration" adopted at the Rio Conference on Environment and Development, pointing out that "water is not only necessary to maintain all life on earth, but also of vital significance to all social and economic sectors." China took the lead in formulating "China 2 1 Century Agenda", and explicitly included sustainable development as a national development strategy in the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the 20 10 development plan of national economy and society. Among them, water-saving work, as an important strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, has been included in the agenda of governments at all levels, and the concept of water-saving has been deeply rooted in people's hearts step by step.
Saving water is an action to improve water utilization efficiency, reduce waste and coordinate the relationship between water resources and society, economy and environment. Therefore, in the process of water saving, we should proceed from China's water saving status, national conditions and water conditions. First, it is necessary to deeply analyze the current water-saving level and the water-saving effect produced by the current water-saving measures, analyze the existing problems, causes and difficulties in the work, and analyze the potential and breakthrough points of water-saving. On this basis, according to the needs and specific conditions of national economic and social development, regions, departments, industries and types are divided. Focusing on improving water use efficiency, this paper analyzes and puts forward the water-saving level that should be achieved in different stages and the engineering and non-engineering water-saving measures that should be taken, so as to realize the optimal matching and efficient utilization of water resources with water saving as the core, paying special attention to the comprehensive balance between water saving and open source, water saving and society, economy and environment, and ensuring the sustainable development of water resources and society, economy and environment.
The sustainable utilization of water resources is directly related to the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy. At present, there are some problems that can't be ignored in the process of shortage and unreasonable utilization of water resources in China: the interruption of northern rivers, represented by the lower reaches of the Yellow River, has intensified, resulting in the decline of river flood discharge capacity, the loss of industrial and agricultural production, the difficulty of drinking water for urban and rural residents, the serious destruction of ecological balance and the deterioration of ecological environment in estuary areas. Overexploitation of groundwater in some areas has affected urban and rural water supply, urban construction and people's survival. Due to the over-exploitation of groundwater in China, the funnel area has reached 87,000 square kilometers, and the water level in some funnel centers has reached 60-80 meters. The rapid growth of sewage and wastewater discharge has seriously damaged the comprehensive function of limited water bodies. Nearly 46.5% of major rivers and more than 90% of urban waters in China are polluted, of which 10% is seriously polluted, which has basically lost its use value and aggravated the shortage of water resources. In addition, there are 58 million poor people in China, mainly distributed in arid and water-deficient areas, who have long endured the threat of water shortage to their survival. 199 1 ~ 1996, there were 66,000 water disputes nationwide, and in the two years of 1997 and 1998, * * mediated water disputes 17400.
The demand for water in the economic development of northern China shows an upward curve in the future development chart, and the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region is even more indispensable. It has become an inevitable choice for China's economic development to develop water resources rationally and save water.
Saving water is our common responsibility.
It can be said that through years of efforts, China has made great progress in water conservation, but compared with some developed countries, we still have a long way to go.
Agriculture is a big water user and a great waste of water resources. At present, the agricultural irrigation mode of "soil canal water conveyance plus flood irrigation" is still widely used in China. Half of the irrigation water is lost in the water conveyance, and the irrigation water utilization coefficient is mostly only 0.4, which is less than half of that of some developed countries. After irrigation with water per square meter, the grain yield in China increased by 0.5 kg, and that in developed countries could reach 2 kg. Industry, due to the backward technology of existing water facilities, the current water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial output value in China is 103 cubic meters, 8 cubic meters in the United States and only 6 cubic meters in Japan, which is 10 ~ 20 times that of developed countries; The reuse rate of industrial water in China is only about 40%, while the average level in developed countries is 75% ~ 85%. The phenomenon that urban residents don't talk about saving and waste domestic water is very serious, and water-saving education has a long way to go. Beijing alone leaks 360,000 tons of water every year. In Israel, which is also short of water, there are not only two sets of pipes for residents to flush toilets and wash their hands, but also two buttons for defecation. It was the Israelis with a strong sense of water crisis who invented the agricultural drip irrigation technology.
From now until the middle of the next century, China will fully realize the grand goal of socialist modernization. With population growth and socio-economic development, water consumption will increase substantially, and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources will become more acute. It is predicted that the total water demand in 20 10 will be 698.8 billion cubic meters, in 2030 it will be 800 billion cubic meters, and in 2050 it will be at least 850 billion cubic meters, which will increase by 1995 respectively, so as to achieve a general balance between supply and demand of water resources in moderately dry years. It can be seen that the gap in water use is still quite large. Only by adhering to the principle of combining open source with throttling, putting throttling in the first place, further strengthening water conservation, realizing optimal allocation and efficient utilization of water resources centered on water conservation, and striving to achieve a basic balance between supply and demand, can the long-term economic development goal be successfully achieved.
Saving water and ensuring the sustainable utilization of water resources are our common cause and our common responsibility!