Blood purification is real and effective. It means that the patient's blood is drawn out of the body and passed through a purification device that removes certain disease-causing substances and purifies the blood for the purpose of treating the disease.
Blood purification should include: hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemoperfusion, plasma exchange, immunosorbent and so on. Although peritoneal dialysis does not draw blood out of the body, the principle is the same. Hemodialysis is just one of the treatments for chronic kidney failure.
Treatment modalities
Hemodialysis (HD), hemoperfusion (HP), plasma exchange, etc., and continuous blood purification (CBP), lipid purification, and artificial liver support system (ALSS) are a combination of the above techniques. Peritoneal dialysis, although it does not have extracorporeal circulation, and achieves the purification of blood only by the exchange of ascites, should be included in a broad sense. Although peritoneal dialysis has no extracorporeal circulation and only exchanges peritoneal fluid for the purpose of blood purification, in a broad sense, it should be included in blood purification therapy.
1, hemodialysis
The use of semi-permeable membrane principle, through diffusion, convection in the body of all kinds of harmful as well as excess metabolic wastes and excessive electrolytes out of the body, to achieve the purpose of purification of the blood, and sucked to achieve the correction of water electrolyte and acid-base balance.
2, blood perfusion
The principle of blood perfusion is to lead the patient's blood out of the body, and solid adsorbent (such as HA resin blood perfusion device within the resin) contact, in order to adsorb the way to remove the body of certain metabolites and exogenous drugs or poisons, and then purified blood back to the patient, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment of disease.
Disease management
1, dialysis imbalance syndrome is a common complication. It occurs in the first dialysis, rapid dialysis or shortly after the end of dialysis. It is characterized by anxiety, irritability, headache, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes elevated blood pressure; in moderate cases, there are still myoclonus, tremor, disorientation, and drowsiness; in severe cases, there can be epileptiform grand mal seizures, coma, and even death.
Preventive measures: the first dialysis time should not be more than 4 hours, the sodium concentration in the dialysis fluid should not be too low, ultrafiltration dehydration should not be too fast. When symptoms appear, the mild cases are given static injection of 50% dextrose solution 50-100ml, intramuscular injection of ipecac 25mg; the severe cases should be given mannitol or albumin, etc., and the negative pressure and flow rate in the dialyzer should be reduced.
2, fever. Fever in the early stage of dialysis, mostly due to the dialysis system is not clean, the presence of pyrogens or pre-filled blood into the body quickly resulting in transfusion reaction; such as dialysis temperature continues to rise more suggestive of infection, we should look for the cause of fever, and deal with it accordingly.
3, cardiovascular complications. Such as hypotension, hypertension, progressive cardiac dilatation, heart failure, pericarditis, arrhythmia and so on.
4, anemia. Uremia originally has not easy to correct anemia, coupled with the need for repeated blood tests in dialysis and the loss of residual blood in the dialyzer, can aggravate anemia, therefore, should reduce blood loss for various reasons, supplemental iron, folic acid, or appropriate amount of blood transfusion.
5, dialysis bone disease.
6, infection. To guard against arteriovenous fistula, lung and urinary tract infections.
Refer to: Baidu Encyclopedia - Blood Purification Technology
Refer to: Baidu Encyclopedia - Blood Purification