Briefly describe the Chinese government procurement and EU government procurement systems respectively?

2. Departmental interests are the key factors affecting the further development of government procurement. According to my country's current financial management system, procurement expenditures are included in the budgets and plans reported by each administrative institution. The financial budget cannot be refined into specific procurement projects. Each unit makes its own purchases within the approved budget framework. After the financial funds are allocated, the financial department does not have much energy to carry out inspection and supervision. It is not uncommon for departments and units to over-report and under-purchase, or to quote but not purchase. After the implementation of the government procurement system, the financial department extended its management and supervision functions to the entire process of material procurement, and transferred the original separate procurement by each unit to the government's centralized procurement. Each unit cannot purchase at will as before. The implementation of the government procurement system has changed the original distribution of interests and power, and it has also faced huge resistance from within government departments due to departmental interests.

3. The role of government procurement is only at a lower level such as saving money and eliminating corruption. It does not play a high-level role such as adjusting the overall balance, optimizing the economic structure, and participating in international competition. With the formation and development of the world trade liberalization pattern, the government procurement system has been extended to the field of international trade. In 1979, a government procurement agreement was signed during the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, marking the shift from a closed government procurement market to an open one. Since then, with the acceleration of regionalization and globalization of the world economy, various regional economic organizations have successively formulated government procurement agreements or clarified the terms of market access. It is stipulated in these agreements or clauses that the contracting parties shall provide equal opportunities for market access and establish a fair competition and non-discriminatory government procurement mechanism. After the establishment of the World Trade Organization, its Government Procurement Agreement officially came into effect in 1995. my country's government procurement system should also comply with the objective requirements of economic internationalization. Government procurement faces a large global market. However, the Chinese government has not guided enterprises to bid in the international market, which makes the ability of enterprises to participate in international competition significantly lower than that of foreign enterprises, and is not conducive to the further development of international markets for our products. After my country's government procurement market is opened, it will also face increasingly fierce international competition.

4. There are other problems in my country’s government system: ① Large amounts of national fiscal expenditure cannot form economies of scale, and the efficiency of fund use is not high enough; ② The current administrative accounting system and financial management system are inconsistent with government procurement The direct payment method is inconsistent with the direct payment method, so that the saved funds cannot be reflected in the budget [8]; ③ The restriction mechanism of government procurement management is not yet complete, such as the supervision of the bidding process, the supervision of the bidding agency, the supervision of the judges, bid evaluation, and determination. There are still imperfections in the subject matter principle, the entire procurement process lacks effective arbitration and supervision, information disclosure is not standardized, unfair transactions, and corruption still exist; ④ The quality of government procurement staff affects the economic goals of the government procurement system and the achievement of efficiency goals. Government procurement is a brand-new job with strong policy implications, wide coverage, and complex and diverse businesses. It requires high professional knowledge and skills of government procurement personnel.