In the current context of building an energy-saving society, reducing building energy consumption, realizing green and low-energy buildings, and solving the problem of high energy consumption in buildings, the Building Automation (BA) system, as the core of intelligent buildings, plays an important role in energy-saving buildings and green buildings. The "green" in "green building" does not refer to three-dimensional greening or roof garden in the general sense, but represents a concept or symbol that a building is environmentally sound, makes full use of the environment's natural resources, and is constructed under the condition of not destroying the basic ecological balance of the environment. A building constructed under the condition of not destroying the basic ecological balance of the environment, which can also be called sustainable building, ecological building, returning to nature building, energy-saving and environmentally friendly building, and so on. Building automation system is also called building equipment automation system, including air-conditioning unit control system, refrigeration station system, heat exchange system, water supply and drainage control system, air supply and exhaust control system (excluding fire-fighting supply and exhaust fans), substation monitoring system, public **** lighting control system and other sub-systems. Commonly used equipment consists of sensors, field controllers (DDC), and a central monitoring station. The purpose of green building BA design: (1) To ensure that the indoor personnel to provide a comfortable and safe environment, such as the indoor temperature should be scientifically regulated to achieve the effect of comfort and satisfaction. (2) to provide the best way of energy supply, can achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction, according to the use of different areas of different functions, like air conditioning, air conditioning in different areas to give different air-conditioning moving ventilation system design and management, so that will be able to realize the use of the system to achieve the effect of air-conditioning in the region, while not using the system of the region does not open the air-conditioning, can reduce the operating cost of air-conditioning to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction. The purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction, in addition, for different areas of the system operating conditions to make detailed records and use the effect of analysis, to achieve the unified management of the building. (3) To realize the modernization and automation of equipment management, when some equipment inside the building is set up with parameters, the building equipment automation system should be used as the basis, through the collection and processing of the operating parameters of many equipments, such as water, electricity, etc., and analyze these data, then it can provide a basis for the calculation of their maintenance time, energy consumption and operation, and at the same time it can Reduce the workload of the staff, and all these functions are realized through automation.BA system will be communication, computer and automatic control and other technologies through an effective information transmission network, will be the building of electricity, lighting, air conditioning, elevators, water supply and drainage, fire and other equipment or systems are connected to the information between the subsystems are linked to each other, to achieve the building of all electromechanical equipment operation status monitoring and automation Management, to ensure that all the equipment in the building are in efficient, energy-saving and optimal operation state, to provide users with a good working and living environment. In order to realize flexible control and centralized management of the equipment, a distributed control system (DCS) is adopted. Collective control system can be divided into three-level structure: the first level for the field control level, undertake individual equipment control and contact with the monitoring station; the second level for the monitoring level, the main building equipment control information for centralized management; the third level for the management level, building equipment automation system and the overall intelligent building system organically combined to form a safe monitoring and management system. 1, power supply and distribution monitoring system power supply and distribution monitoring system to monitor the operating conditions of the power supply and distribution equipment. The power supply and distribution monitoring system monitors the operation status of power supply and distribution equipment, and carries out independent sub-metering for each energy-consuming link in the building (e.g. power transmission/distribution system, cooling and heating source, lighting, office equipment and hot water consumption, etc.) The BA system connects to the power supply and distribution monitoring system through an open standard communication interface, reads the detailed operation parameters of the distribution equipment, and conducts real-time detection of each parameter (e.g. current, voltage, power, frequency, power factor and temperature of transformer), and once it is detected, the system can be used to monitor the operation status of the equipment in real time, and then detects the power consumption of the building equipment in real time. Once abnormalities are found, the BA system will immediately alarm and remind the operation and maintenance personnel to take prompt measures to deal with them, so as to effectively implement building energy saving. In addition, the BA system can generate data reports from the monitoring data regularly and archive them, so that the management personnel can analyze and compare the data reports, analyze the energy consumption structure of the building and the energy consumption level of each equipment, find out the abnormalities of power supply and put forward the improvement measures, so as to effectively maintain the low-consumption operation state of the building. 2. Lighting, fan coil, fresh air linkage control system adopts self-developed system integrating lighting, fan coil, and fresh air system into a single unit. The automation system integrating lighting, fan coiler and fresh air system is self-developed, taking wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) and 4.8GHz microwave sensor as inputs, locating the human body through microwave and RFID, and integrating the intelligent control of indoor lighting, fan coiler and fresh air end, associating the control of the three with the activities inside the building and avoiding the unnecessary energy consumption brought by human operation. The automation control system is based on FID technology for dynamic identification of personnel, effectively records the entry, exit and retention of personnel, uploads data to the monitoring center, and uses S7-1200 PLC as the lower control output to control the operation and shutdown conditions of lighting, air conditioning, fresh air and other electrical equipment in the building. The intelligent control system can be integrated into the BA system through an open standard communication interface, which can monitor the operation status, manual/automatic status of each lighting circuit, fan coil, and fresh air valve in real time, and can remotely control the opening/closing of each circuit. The linkage control system of lighting, air conditioning and fresh air realizes the interaction between the building and people, greatly reduces the energy consumption of the building, and realizes the annual energy saving of the building by more than 20%.3. Water Supply and Drainage SystemThe water supply and drainage system monitors and controls the equipment of the water tanks, pools, sewage pumps, water collection pits, water supply pumps, etc., and sets up the water meters for the office water of the building, the water for greening irrigation, the water for road and plaza washing, and the air-conditioning cooling water replenishment, etc., which are designed reasonably for the use of the building and the people. The water meters are set up for building office water, greening irrigation water, road and square flushing water, air-conditioning cooling water replenishment water and so on. Through the statistical analysis of each type of water consumption, the allocation of water consumption can be reasonably adjusted to effectively improve the efficiency of water consumption.4. Air-conditioning cold and heat source system The air-conditioning system is one of the most important energy-consuming systems of the building, accounting for about 40% of the total energy consumption of the building. In order to realize building energy efficiency, the building equipment automation system adjusts the air conditioning control system in real time to reduce air conditioning energy consumption. Green buildings mainly use central air conditioning for cooling, configure independent air conditioning cooling and heating source control system, through the site status monitoring points, parameter monitoring sensors, DDC controller to monitor the equipment and system operating status and related parameters, the application of frequency conversion regulation technology on the chiller, pumps, cooling towers and the relevant valves for the overall coordinated control, to achieve the efficient operation of air-conditioning system. 5, elevator system The system*** is equipped with 3 sets of energy-feedback elevators, adopts 1 set of independent elevator operation system, and applies group control technology management to realize automatic scheduling and control of elevators in different periods of passenger flow, which can greatly shorten the waiting time for elevators, avoid the phenomenon of multiple elevators responding at the same time and resulting in no-load operation, and greatly reduce the energy consumption of elevators by about 30% per year. The elevator system provides an open interface for BA system integration, which can monitor the operation parameters of the elevator in real time, master the operation of the elevator equipment, and give a timely alarm when elevator failure occurs. The elevator system also has a certain preventive effect for various natural disaster phenomena, and can cooperate with the fire fighting system to realize cooperative work when fire, earthquake disaster and other emergencies occur. In addition, the management personnel can intervene forcibly on the elevator system on the monitoring system in order to start and stop the control of any elevator at any time according to the need.6. Multi-functional Photovoltaic Curtain Wall Natural Ventilation SystemMulti-functional photovoltaic curtain wall natural ventilation system can be integrated into the BA system through the gateway interface for the monitoring and control of the equipments. Multi-functional photovoltaic ventilation and shading components are used in the non-transparent part of the building curtain wall, taking into account the functions of ventilation, shading and photovoltaic power generation. The multifunctional photovoltaic curtain wall natural ventilation system mainly changes the ventilation mode in different seasons by controlling the rotatable ventilator at the top perforated aluminum plate, and the outdoor fresh air enters the ventilation chamber from the lower inclined surface and the bottom perforated aluminum plate, and all the ventilators are connected by RS-485 and connected to the control center. The control center collects relevant data information and sends control commands for opening and closing control of the ventilators through program determination. In green buildings, the BA system is used as a platform to integrate the data of subsystems and carry out the joint control of subsystems, so that the subsystems in the building room are always operated in the optimal state. The use of control technology reduces building energy consumption and promotes the development of fields related to the linkage control of various systems in the interior of large public *** buildings. In addition, by analyzing the collected data on the operation and energy consumption of building equipment, problems can be detected in time, and building equipment can be optimized and reformed, thus improving the energy efficiency of the equipment.
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