Location and natural conditions
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Landscape
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Heilongjiang Province, the terrain is roughly northwesterly, northerly, southeasterly, northeasterly, and southwesterly low, consisting mainly of mountains, plateaus, plains, and surfaces. Daxinganling northwest to northeast, southwest, north China, northwest - southeast oriented Xiaoxinganling mountains, southeast to northeast - southwest Zhangguangcailing, Laoyangling Wanda mountain range, the land accounts for the province's total area of 24.7%; elevation of more than 300 meters above the foothills, accounting for 35.8% of the province; northeastern Three Rivers Plain, the Songnen Plain in the western part of the northeastern plains, the plain accounts for the total area of the province's 37.0%, the elevation of 50 --- 200 meters height. 50 --- 200 meters in height.
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? Land
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Provincial soil area?443,700,000 hectares (equivalent to reach 6.7 million hectares), accounting for 93% of the total land area of the province. The province's cultivated land and forested land area resides in the 7th place in terms of pasture area. In the 4th place, 2 reserve arable land development land can be cultivated. At the end of 2004, the province's arable land was 9,905,000 hectares, (14,900,000 acres), 3.9 acres per capita. Heilongjiang has fertile land with high organic matter content. Accounting for 40% of the total area of the province's soil suitable for agricultural soil, black soil, black calcium soil, meadow soil area accounted for 67.6% of the province's total arable land area, which is one of the 3 world-famous Black Belt. The province's resources reserved for agriculture, 4,793,000 hectares (7,200 acres), accounted for 10.5% of the total land area of the province, the region's 4 ranks to be developed after the land of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Sichuan.
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Climate
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Heilongjiang Province has a temperate to cold temperate continental monsoon climate. The average annual temperature is -4 to 5 degrees Celsius. Temperatures gradually decrease to the northwest, southeast, and north-south differences of nearly 10 degrees Celsius. High summer temperatures, precipitation, and long hours of sunshine are suitable for the growth of crops. Solar radiation is abundant, with annual sunshine hours generally ranging from 2,300 to 2,800 years. More windy days in the spring, in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain, wind energy resources are abundant.
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Natural resources
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Biological resources:
Heilongjiang Province ranked first in the total area of arable land and land reserve resources for the development of account of land conditions, more than one-tenth of the country, per capita arable land and farmers per capita planting is about three times the national average. The province's existing arable land of 9905,000 hectares, soil organic matter content is higher than the rest of the country, black soil, black calcium soil and meadow soil accounted for more than 60% of the arable land is one of the three world-famous black soil belt. Heilongjiang Province is rich in soybeans, wheat, corn, potatoes, rice and other food crops as well as sugar beet, flax, tobacco and other cash crops.
About 4.33 million hectares of the province's grassland area of grassland, but also high nutritional value, suitable for the development of animal husbandry, and with excellent quality. Songnen grassland is one of the world's three major sheep grassland.
Mineral resources:
131 kinds of minerals have been found, 74 kinds of proven mineral reserves. Petroleum, graphite, silica, cast basalt, asbestos basalt, cement, marble, pigmented loess, volcanic ash, glass, marble, potassium feldspar. The reserves of 10 minerals rank first in China, and the coal reserves in the three northeastern provinces. Heilongjiang Province is now ranked second in annual output value for the development and utilization of 39 kinds of minerals of various minerals.
Forest resources:
The province's total area of forestry operations is 317,500,000 hectares, accounting for 2/3 of the land area of the province. Province. Forest land area of 207,700,000 hectares, the total standing stock of 150 million supply of M3, in the forest cover were 43.6%, forest area, the total forest and timber production on the coat in the forefront of the country, has the country's most important state forest area and timber production base. More than 100 kinds of forest species, 30 kinds of higher practical value. Heilongjiang province is one of the largest forestry provinces in the country, forestry ecological status is very important. Natural forest resources as the main body of forest resources, mainly distributed in the mountains of Heilongjiang Province and the size of Changbai Mountain and Wanda Mountain.
Energy:
Heilongjiang Province is an important national energy industrial base. In 2004, the province produced 71,169,000 tons of raw coal, making it a major coal transfer province. In addition, electricity and gas also play an important role. Before the founding of New China, Heilongjiang Province was a Mirror Lake hydroelectric power plant. Over the decades, hydroelectric power plants developed. By 1999, the province's size of nearly 200, with a total installed capacity of nearly 10 million megawatts of power plant power plant. The province's hydropower generation capacity of 140 million megawatt hours. Harbin Gas Chemical Corporation belongs to the Hai gas project, daily gas production of 18,900,000 cubic meters, the total construction scale for Asia's most ".
Fauna and flora: wildlife mammals 6 orders, 20 families, 88 species, accounting for 21.6% of the number of species, including key protected animals sable, mink, leopard, tiger, deer, musk. Birds 19 orders, 57 families, 361 species, accounting for 29% of the number of species. Danding Crane, Chinese Autumn Duck, White Stork, Golden Eagle, 12 are an important safeguard. There are more than 2,100 species, including gymnosperms 4 families, 8 genera and 17 species, angiosperms 107 families, 636 genera and 1,747 species, seed plants 111 families, 644 genera and 1,764 species of wild plants. Economic value of wild plant resources reserves of about 2.5 million tons, edible wild strips of grass paper raw materials more than 250,000 tons, more than 1 million tons, 1.25 million tons of various herbs.
Water resources: rivers and lakes in the province. 6000 Heilongjiang, Ussuri River, Songhua River, Nenjiang River and Suifen River existing five lakes, reservoirs, water of more than 80 million hectares. Heilongjiang is a water-rich province in China, where 70% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in the crop-growing season, and in the same season the rain heats up the environment for biological growth.
Tourism resources: Heilongjiang Province is rich in tourism resources and unique features.
Mountain ranges cover 60% of the province's area, the slopes of the mountain moderate, good quality snow, snowfall, suitable for the construction of intermediate and advanced ski resorts there are 100 locations; forested area of more than 20 million hectares, the forest cover in the province's 43.6%, ranked first in the country, most of which are natural rivers, water in the northern provinces of the Heilongjiang River, the Songhua River, the Ussuri River, the Nenjiang River and Suifen River five major water systems, the Xingkai Lake ranked first in the province. Xingkai Lake ranks first in the province in the Jingpo Lake cartoon? Lake and other pleasant scenery, the mighty Zalong, three rivers, Xingkai Lake, a vast area of wetlands and complete protection of biodiversity, Wudalianchi unique volcanic landscape, rich in mineral springs, is a world-class resource with the greatest potential for development.
Ethnic minorities living in Hezhe, Oroqen, North Korea, Mongolia and other ethnic minorities of the folklore of Heilongjiang Province, the upper capital of Longquanfu and the upper capital of Huiningfu in the Tang Dynasty Bohai Kingdom and the early capital of the Jin, is a cultural symbol of Heilongjiang Province's booming economy, the rapid construction of cities, such as Harbin, Daqing, northern Xinjiang, characterized by the distinctive modern metropolis of the amphibious Russian border connecting more than 3,000 kilometers! Communication channels between China and Russia are carried out in various forms. In addition, Heilongjiang Province also has a unique industrial culture and foreign culture, these are the important foundation for the development of special tourism in Heilongjiang Province.
The province has built 163 nature reserves (including national, 40 provincial).
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Environmental issues
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By the end of 2004, the province's environmental protection system *** there are 4,090 employees, 106 levels of environmental monitoring stations. Built-in 288 smoke control area, a total area of 1,068.9 square kilometers, built-in noise compliance area of 301 compliance area?898.9 square kilometers. The industrial wastewater treatment rate, the smoke emission compliance rate, and the comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste were 92.0%, 90.0% and 72.0%, respectively. At the end of the year, there were 163 nature reserves in the province, an increase of 12 over the same period last year.
? Population
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Population
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The birth rate in 2004 was 7.27 per thousand and the death rate was 5.45 per thousand. The total population of the province was 3816800000 at the end of the year.
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The rate of population growth?
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In 2004, the natural population growth rate was 1.82 per thousand.
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Ethnicity and population?
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Heilongjiang is a multi-ethnic province. The fourth national census was conducted in 1990, and there are 53 ethnic groups in the province***, of which the Han Chinese account for 94.3% of the province's total population, and the population of various ethnic minorities is 2 million, or 5.7% of the total. Distributed in all parts of the province's 53 ethnic minorities, Dulbert Mongolian Autonomous County is the province's only autonomous region, the ethnic minority population of 51 million or more cities and counties, 69 ethnic townships (towns), ethnic villages 680. more populous ethnic Manchus, Hui, Mongols, Koreans, Daur, less populous ethnic groups are the Sibe, Herzhe, Oroqen, Ewenki and Ker. Engraving machine series, the province's average population density of 81.7 people per square kilometer.
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Education level
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By the end of 2004, the province's total postgraduate training units 23 enrollment of 12,000 people, an increase of 20.0% over the same period last year; 30,000 postgraduates, an increase of 25.0%; graduates 0.8 million people, an increase of 28.2% . College 59 enrollment of 150,000, an increase of 20.0 percent over the same period last year; 46.6 million students, an increase of 18.9 percent; graduates 10.4 million, an increase of 23.2 percent. Adult colleges and universities enrollment of 7.7?million, 1.36 million students, 54,000 graduates. 44 general secondary specialized schools with 737 million students, 22.2 million students, 80,000 graduates. 269?7 general secondary school enrollment 66.1 million and 241.0 million students, 72.8 million graduates. Adult secondary specialized schools, 32,000 students in schools. 10,791 elementary school enrollment reached 384,000 and 231.5 million students, graduating 45.8 million. Special education school enrollment 0096,000, 0.6 million students. Kindergartens 42.3 million people. Adult technical training school enrollment 1,554,000 passengers.
? Economy
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? Gross domestic product (GDP)
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The province's value of production (GDP) in 2004 was 530.3 billion yuan, an increase of 11.7 percent over the previous year at comparable prices, up 1.4 percentage points from a year earlier.
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GDP per capita
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In 2004, the province's per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 13,897 yuan, an increase of 11.6 percent year-on-year.
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Industrial output value and growth rate
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The total value added by industry in 2004 amounted to 281.4 billion yuan, an increase of 13.0 percent over the previous year, and accounted for 53.1 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP),
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Agricultural output and growth rate
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In 2004, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery amounted to 11.366 billion yuan, an increase of 19.3 percent over the previous year at comparable prices. Total grain output reached 31.35 million tons, up 24.8 percent from the previous year.
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Foreign trade situation?
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In 2004, total imports and total exports amounted to US$679 million, an increase of 27.4 percent over the same period of the previous year.
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Revenue
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In 2004, local revenues amounted to RMB 3.493 billion, an increase of 22.1% at comparable prices over the previous year. Local fiscal expenditures amounted to RMB 7.584 billion, an increase of 20.4% over the previous year at comparable prices.
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Commerce and people's life
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Annual total 2004 retail sales of social consumer goods 15.554 billion yuan, an increase of 13.0 percent over the previous year, an increase of 2.9 percentage points, the highest increase since 1997. In 2004, the annual urban? The per capita disposable income of residents was 7,471 yuan, an increase of 11.9 percent year-on-year, compared with the same period of the previous year. Per capita net income of rural residents 3005 yuan, an increase of 496 yuan (current year prices), an increase of 19.8% (current prices) over the previous year. By the end of 2004, 738.1 million people in the province had participated in basic pension insurance, 475,800,000 in unemployment insurance, and 551 in basic medical insurance. The number of people in the province's 1.57 million people who received the minimum subsistence guarantee relief.
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Differential and poverty alleviation programs
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The province has 14 national-level poverty-stricken counties and seven provinces, poverty-alleviation and development key counties, 3112 poverty-alleviation and development key villages (including 14 less-populated ethnic villages), and 366 million poor people. Promote "once planning, two years implementation, each village acceptance, batch whole village to promote the implementation of poverty alleviation and development strategy of the 10th Five-Year Plan" period, the province to complete the task of poverty alleviation poverty alleviation and development of ethnic villages 1,018 key villages and 14 villages with a population of less than 960,000 poor people to realize the poverty alleviation and development work got a good start! The whole village to promote the results achieved. First of all expanding sources of income, the income of poor families increased substantially. Income programs, support the development of poor farmers, change the single planting structure, the poor people's income shows a good momentum of sustained growth. In 2001 to 2175 yuan per capita income of farmers in key villages increased from 1105 yuan in 2004, an increase of 96.8%. Second, to improve road conditions, to solve the difficulty of traveling. Completed the village highway, bridges and culverts 198***1987 kilometers, the basic realization of the traffic barometer, reduce production and transportation costs, and promote the circulation of agricultural products to facilitate the masses to produce life. Third, agricultural machinery and equipment to raise the level and improve agricultural production conditions. Purchase of large tractors and harvesters 135 sets, supporting farm equipment 403 4489 drought wells, 983 small farmland water conservancy facilities construction, disaster prevention and mitigation, improve the level of agricultural production and standardized operations, promote food production, agricultural efficiency and farmers to increase income. Fourth, in order to solve the drinking water is difficult. Drilling drinking water wells 948 to 1574 natural cantons of the masses drank tap water to meet the drinking water standards, reduce the incidence of endemic goiter of the large bone joints. To improve health conditions. Basic key villages each village has a health center and the necessary medical equipment, so that the masses of minor illnesses do not go out of the village, to achieve the level of primary health care. Sixthly to strengthen the construction of animal husbandry service system. These villages have established village-level animal husbandry technical service stations with appropriate equipment to develop animal husbandry, prevent diseases, and improve medical and other services for the poor. Seventh, the conditions of television receivers in poor families have been improved. 198,000 poor families to install cable TV families from 10% to 87.4% to receive two sets of TV programs, enriching the cultural life of the masses, more than 10 sets (sets), the rural areas for the farmers to grasp the policy, understand the social changes brought about by the reform and development, and to learn a variety of knowledge to create the conditions. Eighthly, it is difficult for students from poor families to go to school. Ninety-three schools have been built and repaired, and teaching equipment has been purchased to improve school conditions; tuition fees have been waived, and poor students in priority villages have been given reduced or exempted textbook fees and given living allowances for boarding students. The enrolment and retention rates of school-age children are above 98 per cent, realizing the goal of "universal nine" education. Survey of 500 key villages, 100 "villages", 180 poor families, according to the provincial rural survey team, grass-roots cadres and the public's choice of the whole village to promote the poverty alleviation of poor families targeting the project, the development of public welfare undertakings and infrastructure, poverty reduction policies and the work of grass-roots cadres, technical training and production services in five areas of satisfaction is 100%, and the satisfaction of the grass-roots cadres, technical training and production services. The satisfaction level of the five aspects is 100%, 96.7%, 82%, 90% and 97% respectively, which indicates that the cadres and masses in the poor areas are satisfied with the whole village promotion of poverty alleviation and development. Has not yet been implemented in 2080 key villages, the plan to implement the completion of three batches of six years. Guangdong Province, the "Eleventh Five-Year" poverty alleviation and development plan from 2006 to 2007 to support the third batch of 600 key villages, the fourth batch of support in the 2008-2009 period 700 key villages; the fifth batch of support in the 2010-2011 period 780 key villages.
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Pillar industries?
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Six major industrial bases in Heilongjiang Province, including equipment, petrochemicals, energy, food, medicine and wood processing. In 2004, the six industrial base of investment efforts. Tourism has made great progress. In 2004, a total of 40,753,000 domestic and foreign tourists, an increase of 11.7% over the previous year, the total tourism revenue of 25.03 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6%.
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Fiscal and financial?
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Stable growth in fiscal revenue and expenditure. In tandem with economic development, the province's fiscal revenues and expenditures were in good shape. The local fiscal revenue in the year amounted to RMB 2.485 billion, calculated on a comparable caliber, up 14.0% over the same period of the previous year, of which the general budget revenue amounted to RMB 2.136 billion, an increase of 12.8% year-on-year. Fiscal expenditure amounted to 5.135 billion yuan, up 13.5 percent year-on-year, of which general budget expenditure accounted for 4.783 billion yuan, up 12.3 percent year-on-year.
The financial situation was basically normal. The balance of deposits of financial institutions amounted to RMB 374.21 billion, an increase of RMB 4.105 billion from the beginning of the year. The balance of corporate deposits was 95.57 billion yuan, an increase of 6.63 billion yuan savings deposits of urban and rural residents of 257.84 billion yuan, an increase of about 2.93 billion yuan. The balance of loans from financial institutions amounted to RMB 335.86 billion, an increase of RMB 20.43 billion from the beginning of the year. At the end of the year, the balance of all loans of financial institutions was RMB 335.86 billion, an increase of RMB 20.43 billion from the beginning of the year. RMB 242.09 billion, an increase of RMB 8.32 billion year-on-year, and RMB 8.3 billion in long-term borrowings, an increase of RMB 10.67 billion in short-term loans. The cumulative net currency investment at year-end was 9.05 billion yuan.
The securities industry is developing in a regulated manner. At the end of the year, *** there were 34 listed companies with 35 shares, including three overseas listings. A **** had $1.48 billion raised in yuan funds.
Continued growth in the insurance industry. Annual premium income of 5.33 billion yuan, an increase of 30.5% over the previous year, of which property insurance premium income of 1.51 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%, life insurance premium income of 350 billion yuan, an increase of 56.4%. The Company paid compensation of RMB14.8 billion, an increase of 33.5% year-on-year over the previous year. Property insurance paid out 8 million yuan, up 10.9 percent year-on-year, and life insurance paid out 440 million yuan, up 1.2 times year-on-year.
? Communications
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Radio and television
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Radio population coverage in 2004, 98.51%, 98.71% of TV coverage. 2.6 million cable TV subscribers.
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Telephone
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Fixed-line telephone subscribers at the end of 2004 amounted to 10,986,000, up 24.8% year-on-year; 10,171,000 cell phone subscribers, up 20.8% year-on-year. The province's telephone penetration rate was 55.5%, an increase of 10.3% over the same period last year. Internet users 1,452,000, 1,110,000 broadband access, an increase of two times year-on-year.
Transportation
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Railroad
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Heilongjiang Province has 62 railroad lines, extensions and liaison lines, railroad operating mileage reached more than 5,300 kilometers (492 kilometers above the local railroads), more than 1,030 kilometers of dedicated railroad lines, ranking first in the country. Suifenhe Harbin-Manzhouli Railway is an important part of the "Continental Bridge" connecting the two continents of Europe and Asia. In 2004, the railroad cargo turnover of 8.569 billion tons of kilometers, an increase of 8.4%; railroads complete passenger turnover of 1.709 billion passenger kilometers, an increase of 14.5%.
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Highway
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In 2004, the highway completed cargo turnover of 2.038 billion tons of kilometers, an increase of 25%, from 2003, the highway completed passenger turnover of 2.258 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 11% compared with 2003. In 2004, the total mileage of 66,821 kilometers, the national highway trunk highway, national highway 8, 30 provincial highways, county highway 225, highways and roads more than two 1,762 kilometers of roads, 8,796 kilometers. 97.7% of townships and 56.39% of villages have highways.
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Waterways
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Water transport completed cargo turnover of 19 billion tons of kilometers in 2004, a decrease of 2.7% in 2003; waterways completed passenger turnover of 29,700,000 kilometers, an increase of 3.8% over 2003.
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Civil aviation
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There are five civil airports in Heilongjiang Province: Harbin Taiping International Airport, Qiqihar Sanjiazi Airport, Mudanjiang Sea Wave Airport, Jiamusi Airport and Heihe Airport. In addition to the international port airport from Heihe Airport. The existing 56 routes, including 40 domestic routes and 15 international routes, are managed by a dedicated route. The airport serves 15 international cities, one regional city and 28 domestic cities. Harbin Taiping International Airport lands a variety of large airliners, with direct international routes to Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Abakan, Yakutsk, Niigata, Japan, Osaka, Seoul, South Korea and other international cities in Russia, and international transit routes to Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Vancouver, Sydney, London, Paris, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, and other international cities in domestic routes covering Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Sinkiang, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Sinkiang, Sinkiang, Sinkiang, and other international cities. The domestic route network covers Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, Xi'an, Shenzhen and other large and medium-sized cities in China. In 2004, the total passenger throughput of Heilongjiang Province was 2.98 million, an increase of 29.21% year-on-year, compared with the previous year, the passenger throughput of Harbin Airport 272.6 million, an increase of 26.9% year-on-year, the 22nd in the national ranking of airports throughput.
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Transportation and communication
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Transportation
In 2001, the operating mileage of railroads was 5,013.2 kilometers, which accounted for 8.5% of the national total and ranked first in the country. Through the province's main railroad lines in all directions, through Harbin, Suifenhe to Manchuria is connected to the two continents of Europe and Asia's international transit container transportation business "Continental Bridge". At present, more than 98% of the province's townships and 95.3% of villages are accessible by automobile. Civil aviation opened 73 domestic and international routes, the reconstruction and expansion of five civil airports, the comprehensive transportation capacity has been significantly enhanced.
Communication
Post and telecommunications, by the end of 2001, the province had 14 telephones per 100 households, with the telephone penetration rate reaching 28.0%, 4,894,000 cell phones, 302,000 computer network users, and all towns and villages had telephones.
? Overview of municipalities under the jurisdiction
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In Harbin, Jiamusi, Mudanjiang, Jixi, Qiqihar, Daqing and Shuangyashan
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? Qitaihe, Suihua, Heihe, Yichun, Hegang Daxinganling
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Harbin?
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Harbin is the capital of China's Heilongjiang Province, the political, economic and cultural center of Northeastern China, and the second most populous megacity in Northern China's capital city. The city's land area of 53,100 square kilometers, including urban areas of 7086 square kilometers, the built-up area of 302.41 square kilometers, the city's urban population of 472.8 million people, jurisdiction over 8 districts, 10 counties (cities), with a total population of 980.4 million people, 48 ethnic groups, a minority of 660000.
? Harbin is located in East Longitude 125 ° 42 '-130 ° 10' North Latitude 44 ° 04 '-46 ° 40', located in the center of Northeast Asia, known as the Pearl of the Eurasian Continental Bridge the first Asia-Europe Continental Bridge air corridor is an important hub. Harbin within the size of the rivers are Songhua River, Mudanjiang River system, precipitation is mainly concentrated in June, September, the average annual precipitation of 569.1 mm. The climate is temperate continental monsoon climate, with long winters and short summers, known as the "Ice City". The city has found more than 63 kinds of minerals, there is a *** there are 25 kinds of minerals, proven reserves of minerals, energy minerals, metal minerals, 10 kinds of minerals, non-metallic minerals, 14 kinds of minerals. The city **** there are 12 nature reserves, four provincial nature? Protected Areas, Nature Reserves, covering an area of ?119,400 hectares. 12 categories, including more than 50 species of wildlife under state key protection, 7 12 national key protection plants.
Harbin Railway Hada Binsui, Binzhou, Binbei, Labin five major railroads connecting the country. Harbin water transportation routes throughout the Songhua River, Heilongjiang, Ussuri River and the Nenjiang River, and with some of the ports in the Russian Far East Tatar Strait after the water river-sea intermodal transport lines, ships can be directly to Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Taiping International Airport passenger throughput of more than 3.6 million passengers, passenger and cargo business can be applied to more than 110 countries and regions, settled in Harbin Taiping International Airport, airlines have reached 18, open 64 international and domestic routes, navigable to 53 cities.