According to the knowledge in the architectural knowledge column of this website, the basic situation of Fenghuoshan Tunnel is as follows:
Basic survey of Fenghuoshan tunnel:
Fenghuoshan Tunnel is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, on the edge of "no man's land" in Hoh Xil, between Kunlun Mountain and Tanggula Mountain, with a total length of 1.338 meters and an entrance rail surface of 4905 meters above sea level. It is the highest railway tunnel in the world at present. The tunnel is located at the pass of the wind volcano, which is cold and anoxic, with low temperature and large temperature difference between day and night. At an altitude of 4,905 meters, the annual average temperature is MINUS 7℃, the lowest temperature in cold season is MINUS 465,438 0℃, and the oxygen content in the air is only about 50% of that in the mainland, so it is known as the "life forbidden zone". The tunnel body is all located in frozen soil and frozen rock, with complex geological strata, such as frozen soil, rich frozen soil, fractured ice and mudstone, and dense and mixed soil.
The air in the wind-volcano tunnel is very thin and seriously deficient in oxygen. Even if the staff bring oxygen bottles, it is still not enough, and it is a drop in the bucket. In order to ensure that the team can stand up, stand steady and win the battle, they proceed from geographical environment, climatic conditions, technical difficulties, materials and equipment, medical and health care and so on. Invested funds to establish a "site hospital" with advanced medical equipment such as hyperbaric oxygen chamber and B-ultrasound, and 9 primary health centers, equipped with 34 medical staff, forming a perfect secondary health security network; In cooperation with scientific research units, they have developed and built three medical oxygen stations for production and life, providing dispersed oxygen supply for the Fenghuoshan tunnel. Each oxygen station can produce 20 cubic meters of oxygen per hour, and the purity of oxygen reaches 94%. An oxygen truck is installed in the tunnel to facilitate workers to take oxygen at any time. Solved the problem of oxygen consumption for construction and life of more than 3,000 construction workers and migrant workers. It created a miracle, and none of the workers and laborers involved in the construction died of altitude sickness. Bad geology such as sandstone is integrated, and the soil is densely mixed.
Wind-volcano tunnel railway construction;
Wind volcano is one of the most difficult sections of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and the wind volcano tunnel is the highest tunnel in the world. The Fenghuoshan Tunnel has been completed, with a total length of 1, 338 meters. It is located on the edge of no man's land in Hoh Xil, 350 kilometers away from Golmud City, Qinghai Province. It is the key and difficult project of Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the highest frozen soil tunnel in the world. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the roof of the world, with unique natural environment and geological characteristics. Wind volcano is the peak of plateau, and the technical problems encountered in tunnel construction are also world-class. The geology of the area where the wind volcano is located is complex, mainly including soil-bearing ice layer, saturated frozen soil, rich frozen soil, and disease geology such as ice cracking and thawing mudstone. The annual average temperature here is minus 7℃, the lowest temperature in cold season is minus 4 1℃, the atmospheric pressure is only 55Kpa (only 50% of that in plain), and the partial pressure of oxygen is lower than the life limit (on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the three major worldwide problems encountered in engineering construction are mainly concentrated here. Total length 1, 338 meters, rail surface elevation of 4905 meters. It is the highest frozen soil tunnel in the world, and its natural environment is very bad. Western media once predicted that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway would not cross the volcano. China Railway Construction Co., Ltd. built tunnels in an environment known as the "life forbidden zone", creatively applied and developed the unique technical achievements of frozen soil tunnel construction in China, and led employees to penetrate the Huo Feng tunnel ahead of schedule, making the frozen soil tunnel with the highest altitude in the world impervious and leakproof, becoming an excellent project, creating a miracle in the history of human railway construction and being recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. The Fenghuoshan Tunnel was started on June 8th, 2006, with 5438+0, 10 and 19 in June, 2002.
Scientific research of wind-volcano wind tunnel;
Located at the northern foot of Tanggula on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the wind volcano, named after the wind and thunder, is a veritable forbidden area: the highest altitude is 50 10 meters, and the atmospheric oxygen content is lower than the limit of human survival needs; The weather here is bad. In winter, there are often seven or eight winds that roll up stones as big as soybeans. In summer, sometimes it snows and sometimes it thunders. It is in such a place that it is difficult for human beings to survive. Northwest Research Institute of China Railway established a wind-volcanic frozen soil location observation station at 196 1 4750 meters above sea level, and observed and studied it for 40 years.
Since 196 1, Northwest Institute of Science has set up nine observation stations in the permafrost region 550 kilometers from Kunlun Mountain to Tanggula, and made long-term, systematic and multi-directional scientific observations on the dynamic changes of plateau permafrost. It has made scientific and technological reserves for the development of frozen soil engineering discipline in China and the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In order to obtain basic research data, the staff of the observatory worked tirelessly, from the first stationmaster Zhou Huaizhen, party member Zhang Zikai, engineer Zhu Liangen to new technology pioneer Li Yong, to overcome the extremely harsh natural conditions and unbearable loneliness on the plateau, and completed the observation work on time no matter whether it was windy or rainy, day or night, which accumulated valuable raw materials for scientific research. The observatory is also the only one in the world with the most comprehensive observation project in high altitude areas, which has an important influence in the field of international frozen soil engineering. More than 60 famous frozen soil scientists and experts from the United States, Canada, Russia and other countries have come to Huo Feng for academic exchanges.
Since the 1970s, experts and scholars from the Institute of Geography, the Institute of Plateau Physiology, the Institute of Glaciology and Frozen Desert, the Institute of Railway and the Institute of Plateau Atmospheric Physics of China Academy of Sciences have gathered from all directions under the wind and volcano to build a world-famous scientific research "city". This "Science City" is unique. There are neither high-rise buildings nor large-scale modern laboratories, but hundreds of large and small white tents and various natural test sites. It mainly carries out dozens of scientific research work on frozen soil mechanics, frozen soil melting, thermal radiation, plateau physics, plateau atmosphere, plateau diseases, river source hydrology, plateau resources and so on. Wind-volcano "Science City" has become a "science station" for scientists to study frozen soil mechanics, frozen soil melting, thermal radiation, plateau physics, plateau atmosphere, plateau diseases and Jiangyuan hydrology. The construction of plateau frozen soil railway, which is jointly tackled by the First Design Institute of the Ministry of Railways and Northwest Research Institute of Railway Research Institute, is of great significance and attracts worldwide attention. This unique "science city" is deeply favored by Chinese and foreign experts, scholars and tourists.
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