Hemodialysis equipment includes hemodialysis machine, water treatment and dialyzer, **** with the composition of hemodialysis system.
1, hemodialysis machine: is the most widely used in blood purification treatment of a therapeutic instrument, is a more complex electromechanical integration equipment, by the dialysis fluid supply monitoring device and extracorporeal circulation monitoring device. It includes blood pump, which is the power to drive the extracorporeal circulation of blood; dialysate configuration system; on-line configuration of dialysate with appropriate electrolyte concentration; volume control system, which ensures that the volume of fluid in and out of the dialyzer reaches the predetermined balance target; and various safety monitoring systems, including pressure monitoring, air monitoring and blood leakage monitoring.
2, water treatment system: Because the patient's blood has to contact with a large amount of dialysis fluid (120L) through the dialysis membrane in a dialysis session, while the city tap water contains various trace elements, especially heavy metal elements, and also some disinfectants, endotoxins and bacteria, which will lead to the entry of these substances into the body when contacting with the blood. Therefore, tap water needs to be filtered, iron removal, softening, activated carbon, reverse osmosis treatment, only reverse osmosis water can be used as diluted water for concentrated dialysis solution. The tap water for a series of treatment devices that is the water treatment system.
3, dialyzer: also known as "artificial kidney", by a root of chemical materials made of hollow fibers, and each hollow fiber on the distribution of countless small holes. During dialysis, the blood flows through the hollow fiber and the dialysis solution flows through the hollow fiber in the reverse direction, some small molecules of solutes and water in the blood/dialysis solution are exchanged through the small holes on the hollow fiber, and the final result of the exchange is that uremic toxins in the blood and some electrolytes and excess water enter the dialysis solution to be cleared, and some bicarbonate and electrolytes in the dialysis solution enter the blood. Thus, the purpose of removing toxins, water, maintaining acid-base balance and stability of the internal environment is achieved. The total area of the whole hollow fiber, i.e., the exchange area, determines the passing ability of small molecules, while the size of the membrane pore size determines the passing ability of medium and large molecules.
4, dialysis solution: dialysis solution is obtained by diluting the dialysis concentrate containing electrolytes and bases with reverse osmosis water in proportion, eventually forming a solution close to the electrolyte concentration of blood to maintain the normal electrolyte level, and at the same time supplying bases to the organism through a higher concentration of bases to correct the acidosis existing in the patient. Commonly used dialysis solution bases are mainly bicarbonate, but also contain a small amount of acetic acid .