Road safety emergency plan (selected 5)
In the weekdays of learning, work and life, it is inevitable to face unforeseen emergencies, in order to make the first time to respond to emergencies, it is very necessary to prepare in advance a specific, detailed, targeted emergency plan. So how to prepare an emergency plan is appropriate? Here is my collection of road safety emergency plan (selected 5), for your reference, I hope to help friends in need.
Road safety emergency plan 1
A general rule
(a) Purpose
In order to effectively strengthen my township area of highway, accident-prone sections of road safety management, and actively respond to the possible occurrence of safety accidents, efficiently and orderly organization of the accident emergency rescue work, fast, timely In addition, we will handle production safety accidents in production and operation units within the administrative area under our jurisdiction properly, organize emergency response and rescue work, and minimize casualties, property losses and social hazards caused by the accidents.
(B) Guiding ideology
The spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as a guide to the province's comprehensive improvement of road traffic as an opportunity, according to the province, the city, the county requirements, and fully aware of the significance of doing a good job of emergency rescue work in accidents. The implementation of "safety first, prevention first" policy, the development of the formation of "horizontal to the edge, vertical to the end" of the emergency planning system, to ensure that the accident will be reduced to the lowest level, reduce the loss to a minimum, can be rescued in a timely manner, to achieve the purpose of disaster relief, disaster mitigation, and maintenance of social security and stability. The company's business is to provide the best possible service to its customers.
Second, the organization and responsibilities
In order to strengthen the organization of road safety production accident emergency rescue, the township people's government set up road safety accident emergency rescue leading group.
(a) Emergency rescue leading group and its responsibilities
Main responsibilities: responsible for the daily coordination of the emergency rescue plan; to assist the leading group to implement the plan; summary report of the accident; convey the leading group of the instructions; responsible for the township jurisdiction of the road traffic safety.
Specific responsibility for the road as follows:
(C) the specific division of labor
1, vigilance and defense work, led by the township police station director Xiao Mengzhi responsible for. The main responsibilities are:
(1) Organization of the police station, traffic control office and other relevant departments to quickly carry out security work on the accident site, prevent and stop all kinds of destructive activities.
(2) to do a good job in the accident scene of the traffic and evacuation and accident scene protection, to prevent unrelated people from entering the accident scene at will.
(3) with the relevant departments to do a good job of casualties of the families of the appeasement of the perpetrators and other relevant personnel to take monitoring measures to prevent the escape.
2, on-site processing, led by the county first squadron captain. Responsible for traffic accident scene investigation, inspection, investigation of the situation and the relevant test, appraisal conclusions and explanations.
3, medical rescue work, led by the director of the health center. The main responsibilities are:
(1) rapid organization and guidance of first aiders to carry out rescue work, and strive to minimize the number of casualties.
(2) emergency call all kinds of medical supplies, medical equipment, medical personnel and occupation of first aid places.
(3) timely adjustments, revisions and additions to the rescue program, the rescue work in the dispute over the proposed emergency measures.
(4) accurate statistics of casualties, and timely report to the office of the emergency rescue plating group personnel rescue situation.
4, aftercare work, led by the traffic police. The main responsibilities are:
(1) traffic police to do a good job on the death of the identity of the personnel to confirm and dispose of, collect and store the relics of the dead, notify the families of the dead and do a good job of reception and appeasement, to assist the families to lose recognition, cremation and other aftermath.
(2) in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, do a good job of insurance and compensation for the measurement and interpretation of the work, coordination and handling of related claims.
Third, the safety accident report and site protection
(a) After the occurrence of road traffic safety accidents, the accident unit must immediately report the occurrence of accidents to the township people's government, the traffic police squadron, in accordance with the provisions of the hierarchy, and within 24 hours to write a written report.
(b) The accident report should include the following contents:
1, the unit where the accident occurred and the time and place of the accident;
2, a brief account of the accident, the number of casualties, the preliminary estimate of the direct economic losses;
3, the cause of the accident, the nature of the preliminary judgment;
4, the accident rescue and treatment of the situation and the measures taken; Matters related to the need to assist in the rescue and treatment of the accident;
(c) After the occurrence of a safety accident, the unit in which the accident occurred must strictly protect the scene of the accident. All objects, traces and states related to the accident shall not be moved and destroyed at will.
Road safety emergency plan 2In order to ensure the safety and smooth flow of road traffic in the town, effectively prevent the occurrence of road safety accidents, and actively respond to the possible occurrence of large-scale traffic accidents, minimize casualties and property losses, according to the municipal government office, "on the effective implementation of rain, snow, ice and freezing of the spirit of the emergency notice on the work of safety under the severe weather (Xingzheng Chuanfa No. 13), specially formulated this The plan.
First, the basic principles
(a) prevention-oriented, unremitting. Villages, units should adhere to the possible occurrence of road safety accidents to analyze, predict, carefully check the accident blind spot, increase rectification efforts, targeted development of emergency plans, take preventive measures to prevent major accidents.
(B) unified leadership, coordination and linkage. Villages, units should be under the unified leadership of the town government in their respective roles, each do their part, work closely together to minimize casualties and property damage.
(C) rapid response, decisive measures. After the emergency, the village, the unit should be timely response, decisive measures, the rapid implementation of rescue, full control of the situation.
Second, the scope of application
This plan applies to the town may occur within the area of road traffic emergencies emergency rescue work.
(a) special weather: fog, rain, snow, freezing weather vehicles can not run normally or vehicles can not pass.
(B) traffic accidents: the occurrence of a death of more than three people or a serious injury of more than 10 people and more major traffic accidents.
Third, the situation report
(a) the occurrence of emergencies, the scene driver or the masses can call the police to report to the township government, the occurrence of casualties can be dialed 110 and first aid telephone 120 for help.
(b) In the event of or after learning of an emergency, the occurrence of the village committee must immediately report to the town government, emergency can be reported directly to the town mayor and squatting village leaders.
(c) The town government office should immediately report to the town mayor and the leaders in charge upon receipt of the report, and in accordance with the instructions of the town mayor or the leaders in charge of the situation in the first time to the municipal government.
Fourth, the organizational leadership
(a) The town government set up a road safety emergency rescue headquarters. The commander-in-chief by the National People's Congress Chairman Comrade Yang Wengao, deputy commander-in-chief by the town deputy mayor Liu Xinhua, Wu Jian, Gu Qiang, Jiang Sumei comrades, members of the command department by the village and the relevant departments in charge of the function as Zhu Zhiyou, Ding Xin, Sun Min, Wang Weiming, Sun Hanqin, Ni Jinming, Lu Xianglin, Cao Jinrong, Banjabin, Ding Hui, Yan Hai, Xia Youjun, Wu Xiaoming, Xi Aiming, Gao Fengdao, Gu Shirong, Tang Yong, Shen Wanhua, Yang Congqing, Wang Hengquan, Huang Laikou, Sun Peng, Sun Jincai, Shao Xinghua, Shen Jianming, Du Hongwen.
The main responsibilities of the command is to guide, supervise, check the town's road traffic safety, urge the relevant departments to increase the blind spot of the accident rectification and investigation efforts to effectively prevent traffic accidents, research to determine the guidelines and policies for emergency response to major traffic safety accidents, the decision to start or terminate the emergency response plan, unified leadership, command of emergency response, solve emergency response Handling of major issues, and timely report to the higher level of the accident emergency response, timely release of public announcements, the designated person in charge of the report.
(b) The command set up a comprehensive coordination group, rescue group, medical rescue group.
1, the integrated coordination group: responsible for conveying the command instructions, integrated coordination of the rescue work of the groups, mobilization of rescue teams, fully responsible for the organization of the rescue site, coordinating the scheduling summary, report the progress of rescue, and do a good job of information feedback work, the head of the group by Comrade Wu Jian as a member of the party and government offices, finance, social affairs centers, agricultural service centers, civil affairs, hospitals and other relevant departments responsible for the staff. Composition.
2, rescue group: in case of emergency, (such as serious traffic jams, major traffic accidents, fog and other inclement weather resulting in vehicular traffic obstruction, etc.), the main responsibility is responsible for the scene. Traffic control and maintenance of law and order, clean up roadblocks, channeling vehicles to ensure the passage of the accident rescue work, the group leader by Jiang Sumei as members of the town, the village of the relevant departments composed of personnel.
3, medical rescue group: If there are casualties, first of all, to assist medical personnel and vehicles and rescue equipment, in the shortest possible time to the scene of the accident. And by experts to quickly carry out rescue work, and strive to minimize casualties, group leader by Gu Qiang as, members of the town and the health center related personnel.
Fifth, the plan to start
After the emergency, the town of all relevant units to respond quickly, immediately start the emergency plan to organize the implementation of emergency rescue.
Six, emergency measures
(a) the town command arrived at the scene of the accident, the integrated coordination group, rescue group, medical rescue group in accordance with the instructions of the command, immediately in place and in accordance with the plan to carry out the work of the emergency rescue work.
(2) comprehensive office, police station and safety supervision office to strengthen the scene security, public security management and traffic diversion, prevention and stop all kinds of destructive activities to prevent the further expansion of the situation.
(C) the town health center immediately organized emergency rescue, timely provision of first aid medicines, equipment, all efforts to rescue the injured, and other relevant departments to cooperate with the rescue work.
(4) the relevant units must be from the overall situation, obey the unified command of the command, each in its own way, division of labor, *** with the rescue and treatment of the accident.
VII, other matters
(a) the town government on the occurrence of road traffic emergencies, there are random disposal power outside of this plan.
(ii) increase the road control, police station, agricultural road office, safety supervision office to strictly investigate and deal with illegal operation of vehicles, driving without a license, fatigue driving, driving under the influence of alcohol, speeding and overloading, not according to the provisions of the use of lights at night, illegal parking at night, strong super strong will be, overcrowding of buses, agricultural vehicles illegal passengers and other violations, strictly prohibit scrapped cars, with sick car, driving on the road. To ensure the safety of vehicles, agricultural road office to do a good job of highway maintenance and management work to ensure road traffic safety.
Eight, strengthen traffic safety publicity
Seriously carry out the "six one" publicity work: the annual organization of a grass-roots cadres traffic safety focused on educational activities, each school to carry out a monthly safety education themed classroom meeting, the town of radio and television stations to run their own channel weekly The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the situation, and that you have a good idea of what you are doing.
IX, this plan since the date of implementation.
Road safety emergency plan 3xx flood season is approaching, in order to cope with the flood season during the various types of emergencies that may arise, to protect the safety of road traffic. In accordance with the requirements of "flood prevention, rescue, disaster relief", and effectively do a good job of flood prevention and flood control work. Combined with the actual work of road transportation in my area, the development of this plan.
First, the scope of application
This plan applies to the flood season (May 1 to September 30) during the thunderstorms and storms and other inclement weather increased, triggered by small and medium-sized floods are frequent, the highway is prone to water damage and landslides, affecting the safety of vehicular transportation. Therefore, the enterprises must attach great importance to effectively strengthen the organization and leadership to ensure that the flood control and rescue measures to implement.
Two, carefully deployed, ready for flood control
District Transportation Management in accordance with the "unified command, everyone participates in the war, all out rescue" principle, to do a good job of flood prevention, disaster preparedness. Each enterprise combined with the actual industry, carefully deployed, carefully prepared, revised and perfected the enterprise flood rescue plan. Implementation of flood rescue vehicles, materials and personnel. To do once a major flood danger, rapid organization of personnel, vehicles into the flood rescue work.
Third, the emergency work of the leading group
Fourth, the work of
(a) the leading group responsibilities:
1, decided to start and terminate the flood emergency emergency state and emergency rescue operations, the disposal of major emergencies.
2, research and development of emergency transportation emergencies and emergency transportation security measures.
3, to the higher emergency command department to report major emergencies, convey and implement the decisions of the higher level.
4, supervise and check the implementation of the flood emergency plan.
(B) member unit responsibilities:
1, passenger and cargo transportation enterprises to implement unified management of emergency vehicles, to ensure that vehicles can be readily put into the emergency, and vehicle drivers emergency response knowledge training to improve their emergency response to emergencies in the emergency response capability.
2, maintenance companies to set up a specialized repair team, ready to prepare the necessary equipment and accessories to ensure the smooth operation of emergency vehicles in the rescue.
3, according to the "three gatekeepers and a supervisory" function, the passenger bus station to strictly implement the "five out of the station", especially in bad weather out of the station provisions and passenger vehicles in the third level and the following highway 22:00 to 6:00 a.m. are not allowed to night driving The regulations. Transportation companies targeted at drivers to carry out flood safety driving special skills training and safety awareness education.
(C) in the event of a major traffic accident
1, the members of the emergency leadership team should be led by the team leader immediately rushed to the scene, the organization of rescue and carry out the aftermath of the work.
2, according to the scene, in accordance with the "first serious injuries, after the principle of minor injuries," the timely organization of the scene rescue, arrange for vehicles to transport the injured, the nearest hospital rescue, minimize losses, as soon as possible to restore normal order of transportation.
3, passenger transport enterprises to organize emergency reserve vehicles, into the emergency state, ready for dispatch.
4, timely report to the relevant departments at higher levels of the accident casualties, property damage.
Fifth, the relevant requirements
(a) the implementation of the flood emergency work of the executive leadership system, the members of the unit "a hand" is the first responsibility to establish the flood work of the system of responsibility, a level of responsibility for a level.
(ii) all members of the unit should conscientiously fulfill their respective duties, obey the unified command, and actively cooperate with other relevant units to do a good job, collaborative efforts, the formation of synergies, to ensure that in the event of danger, can immediately put into the rescue work.
(c) After the accident, the units must be reported in a timely manner according to the regulations, the accident should be reported to the unit of the accident, the location, the degree of harm, damage and casualties, accurate and detailed report, do not misreporting, misreporting. Where accidents do not occur in accordance with the time required to report in a timely manner, will be based on the relevant provisions of the leadership of the unit responsibility.
(D) to ensure the smooth flow of information. Set up a "flood" duty phone, strict duty system, the duty officer must make a record, to ensure that 24-hour personal phone smooth, timely and accurate transmission of flood control information.
Road safety emergency plan 4
In order to strengthen the 20xx road traffic and transport safety work, to protect travelers go in time, go comfortably, go to rest assured, to ensure that the National Day holiday passenger order and road safety during the production and normal transportation of living materials, especially the development of this plan:
First, the organization, the establishment of a leading group
In order to ensure the protection of the National Day, the National Day holiday order and road safety during the normal transportation of living materials.
In order to guarantee the safety of transportation during the National Day Holiday on the roads of my county in 20xx, and to guarantee the organization, I set up a leading group of road transport:
Second, the capacity to guarantee
During the road transport period, according to the unified deployment of the state department and the actual situation of my county, in order to ensure the adequacy of the capacity, combined with the passenger station vehicle The actual operation of the three passenger vehicles as emergency vehicles, while arranging five 5 tons of trucks as the county's reserve capacity for passenger and cargo transport, trucks are arranged as follows:, in case of emergency unified scheduling command.
Three, strengthen the safety management
(a) a comprehensive hidden trouble investigation. Line passenger transportation, tourist passenger transportation, maintenance companies to combine the security hidden danger investigation and management system, seriously do a good job in the flood season security hidden danger investigation and management, in-depth investigation of hidden accidents and safety management weaknesses, focusing on the investigation of the technical condition of the participating vehicles, on-board safety and emergency facilities and equipment, driver qualifications and training, satellite positioning monitoring equipment, such as key links, the hidden danger of the investigation to strengthen the measures to be implemented to the person, The hidden dangers identified should be strengthened, implemented to the person, rectified and canceled within a certain period of time, and the hidden dangers investigation and rectification files should be established. The driver did not participate in the training and education and vehicle safety emergency facilities and equipment are not fully equipped, safety and technical conditions are not qualified vehicles are not allowed to participate in the operation.
(ii) grasp the practitioners safety education. Road transport enterprises in the pre-flood must carry out a targeted production safety training and education of operating drivers, to be combined with the relevant laws and regulations of road transport, typical cases and natural disasters or emergencies in emergency response operation skills, to strengthen the lessons of the training of practitioners, to further enhance the safety of practitioners operating skills and emergency response capabilities.
(C) focus on key areas of safety supervision. To keep an eye on the long passenger transport, tourist passenger transport and other important areas, to further strengthen the implementation of safety supervision measures, to develop practical emergency control measures, such as in case of extreme weather, road breaks or closed and other early warning situations, the transport enterprises to decisively take adjustments to the time of the class, detour operation, stopping the class and other risk avoidance measures to avoid risky pass into the line; does not have the safety of access to the conditions of the line, resolutely shall not arrange for the passenger vehicle class pass. Passenger vehicles class pass; such as has been in operation on the way, to send timely warning information to the driver, notify the driver will be parked in a safe area to wait, or in the public security police under the command of the provisions of the detour line operation.
(D) to strengthen the source vehicle dynamic monitoring. The transport enterprises to seriously implement the monitoring management system, the key lines to implement all-weather, the whole process of real-time monitoring, timely detection and treatment of drivers speeding, overloading, fatigue driving, shielding the satellite positioning vehicle terminal and other violations of the law, the hidden dangers of safety and the first signs of accidents nipped in the bud. The company's main goal is to provide the best possible service to its customers. The company's main goal is to provide the best possible service to its customers, and to provide the best possible service to its customers.
Four, efforts to strengthen the road transport safety work together
(a) to strengthen the implementation of the responsibility mechanism. To effectively fulfill their responsibilities, the main person in charge of flood control work to personally ask, personally deployed, to implement the responsibilities and tasks during the holidays, and effectively do a good job of the flood season.
(b) Strengthen departmental communication and coordination mechanism. Units should firmly establish the road transport safety responsibility for the idea of larger than life, strengthen the communication of relevant departments to further establish and improve the road transport safety measures to deal with accidents and rescue mechanisms, the formation of information *** enjoy the overall synergy, in a timely manner, to grasp the transport routes along the area of extreme weather, floods, geological hazards, road conditions, traffic control, and other important information of the early warning forecasts in a timely manner to take emergency response measures to prevent and reduce accidents and disasters. The company's main goal is to prevent and reduce accident and disaster losses by taking timely emergency measures.
Five, effectively strengthen the organizational security
(a) strengthen the daily emergency work. To strictly in accordance with the requirements of the "one job, double responsibility, failure to accountability", and effectively fulfill the responsibility of production safety supervision. Combined with the actual National Day holiday this year, timely revision and improvement of natural disasters and various types of production safety accidents and other emergency plans, seriously do a good job of rescue supplies, equipment, equipment reserves, refine the response measures, targeted publicity and popularization of road transport safety and accident handling knowledge, once a disaster or accident, timely start the emergency plan to achieve a strong organizational leadership, rescue in place in a timely manner, materials and equipment adequate The company's main goal is to improve the emergency response and rescue and disaster relief capabilities.
(2) strict duty system. Each unit to strengthen the duty duty, adhere to the flood season leadership and duty personnel on duty 24 hours a day, the key positions 24 hours on duty system. During the National Day holiday, I will focus on the road transport industry safety work and duty to carry out random checks and inspections, the safety responsibility is not implemented, the duties are not in place, the safety of the hidden problems of accidents and notification of the duty situation.
(C) timely reporting of information. Each unit should be clear road transport safety accident information reporting personnel, once found dangerous situation to adhere to the disposal side of the report, the verification side of the report, to ensure that the relevant information in a timely and accurate, standardized reporting, accidents during the flood season, and other information reported to the duty officer on duty. The road transport enterprises must be in September 29 before the flood season liaison reported to my counterpart business section for the record.
Road safety emergency plan 5In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of road traffic safety accidents in the town, to prevent general accidents to put an end to serious traffic safety accidents, minimize casualties and property damage, to ensure that people's lives and property safety, to ensure that the road traffic is safe, smooth, and hereby formulate the "town of xx road safety emergency plan" (hereinafter referred to as the plan).
First, the basic principles
(a) prevention-oriented, unremitting. The villages and departments concerned to, seriously investigate the accident black spots, increase rectification efforts, take preventive measures to prevent accidents.
(2) unified leadership, coordination and linkage. All villages and departments concerned should be under the unified leadership of the town government, each in its own way, each with its own responsibility, coordination and linkage, close cooperation, minimize casualties and property damage.
(C) rapid response, decisive measures. After the emergency, the village departments concerned should respond in a timely manner, decisive measures to quickly implement the rescue, full control of the situation.
Second, the scope of application
This plan applies to the town's administrative jurisdiction of road traffic may occur in emergency rescue work.
(a) special weather. Fog, snow, vehicles can not operate normally or vehicles can not pass.
(B) serious traffic jam. Traffic congestion caused by general traffic accidents, human factors, road factors, and continuous congestion for more than 12 hours.
(C) traffic accidents. The occurrence of a death of three or more or a serious injury of 10 or more serious traffic accidents.
Third, the situation report
(a) In the event of an emergency, the driver or the public at the scene can call the police (122) to report to the xx traffic police squadron. Occurrence of casualties, you can call the emergency telephone 120.
(ii) in the discovery or learned of the occurrence of an emergency, the emergency occurred in the village committee must immediately report to the town government.
(c) The town government office received the report, immediately to the mayor and the leaders in charge of the report, and in accordance with the instructions of the mayor or the leaders in charge of the situation in the specified time to the county government, the relevant departments counterparts to report.
Fourth, the organizational leadership
(a) the town government set up a road safety emergency rescue headquarters, the mayor of the town as the commander, deputy commander by the deputy mayor in charge of the town as the members of the command by the villages along the route and the area of the Traffic Police, police station, the area transport management, the health hospital, safety office and other departments. The main responsibilities of the command is to guide, supervise, check the town traffic road safety; supervise the relevant departments to increase the black spots of the accident rectification and investigation efforts to effectively prevent traffic accidents; study to determine the guidelines and policies for emergency response to major traffic safety accidents; decide to start or terminate the emergency plan; unified leadership, command emergency rescue work, to solve major problems in the emergency treatment ; timely report to the superior emergency treatment of accidents; timely release of public announcements, designate the person in charge of the report.
(b) The command set up a comprehensive coordination group, accident rescue group, emergency rescue group, medical rescue group, accident investigation group.
1, the main responsibilities of the integrated coordination group: responsible for conveying the instructions of the command, integrated coordination of the rescue work of the groups, mobilization of rescue teams, fully responsible for the organization of the rescue site, coordination, scheduling summary, report the progress of rescue and do a good job of information feedback.
2, the main responsibilities of the accident and rescue group: in emergency situations (such as serious traffic jams, major traffic accidents, fog and snow day vehicle traffic obstruction, etc.), responsible for traffic control, maintenance of law and order, roadblock cleanup, vehicle diversion, protection of the passage, accident and rescue work.
3, the main responsibilities of the emergency rescue group: after an emergency, in the accident rescue group can not independently complete the rescue task, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Command in a timely manner to the scene to assist the accident rescue group to implement rescue.
4, the main responsibilities of the medical rescue group: the main responsibility is to receive rescue information, rapid organization of medical personnel and vehicles and medical equipment, in the shortest possible time to the scene of the accident, and quickly start rescue, and strive to minimize casualties.
Fifth, the plan to start
Start the plan by the mayor of the township government or the mayor of the township designated by the leadership decision. After the start of the plan, in accordance with the requirements of the plan, the rapid formation of the town's emergency rescue headquarters, by the headquarters of the integrated coordination group to notify the relevant member units and working groups immediately rushed to the scene.
Six, emergency measures
(a) the town command arrived at the scene, the integrated coordination group, accident rescue group, emergency rescue group, medical rescue group and accident investigation group in accordance with the instructions of the command immediately in place and in accordance with the plan to carry out the work of the emergency rescue work in an orderly manner.
(b) xx traffic police squadron, police station to strengthen the scene security, public security management and traffic diversion, to prevent and stop all kinds of destructive activities, to maintain public order.
(C) the town health center immediately organized first aid, timely provision of first aid medicines, equipment, all efforts to rescue the injured, other relevant departments with rescue work.
(4) all relevant departments and units must be from the overall situation, obey the unified command of the command, each in its own way, division of labor, *** with the rescue and treatment of the accident.
Seven, other matters
(a) Increase road control. Traffic police departments to strictly investigate and deal with driving without a license, fatigue driving, drunk driving, speeding, overloading, not according to the prescribed use of lights at night, illegal parking at night, strong over the strong will, bus overcrowding, agricultural vehicles illegal passenger and other violations. Strictly prohibit the scrapped car, "with sick car" on the road, to ensure the safety of vehicles. Traffic management station and the village should do a good job of highway maintenance and management work to ensure traffic road safety.
(2) to strengthen traffic safety publicity. Public security, transportation departments to publicize traffic laws and regulations and other common sense into the daily work, seriously do a good job in preventing traffic accidents, to ensure that the road smooth publicity work.
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