Background
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China*** and the State, the Ministry of Railways proceeded to adjust the layout of the rolling stock industry according to the mileage of railroad operation, the density of the network, and the setting of the hubs and other factors. In the merger, adjustment, transformation of the original rolling stock factory at the same time, in various places and so on a number of new factories. At the same time, in order to cooperate with the deployment of the construction of machinery industry in the first five-year plan period (1953-1957), a number of large-scale modernized backbone enterprises were built with the focus on the development of metallurgical equipment, power generation equipment, transportation machinery, and metal cutting machine tools for heavy industry. The Chinese government built more than 70 major projects with an investment of more than RMB 10 million according to this deployment, among which, in order to fill the gap of specialized railroad locomotive manufacturing plants, it started to prepare for the construction of Datong Locomotive Factory, which was one of the 156 key projects during the First Five-Year Plan period, and during the same period, it also set up other major projects in the rolling stock industry, such as Changchun Bus Factory, Changchun Locomotive Factory and Zhuzhou Wagon Factory. Changchun Bus Factory, Changchun Locomotive Factory and Zhuzhou Wagon Factory were also established in the same period.
In 1954, with the approval of the Central People's Government, the Ministry of the First Mechanical Industry set up the Preparatory Office of Datong Locomotive Factory. After investigation and demonstration, it was decided on September 3, 1954 to build a large-scale steam locomotive manufacturing plant in Datong, Shanxi Province. on October 10, 1955, the First Ministry of Machinery Industry, Rolling Stock Administration of the Datong Locomotive Manufacturing Plant Preparatory Office was renamed as "428 Factory". Then on March 27, 1957, it was approved to cancel the code name of "428 Factory" and officially changed its name to Datong Locomotive Factory. Although the name "428 Factory" was only used for less than two years, it is still common for people in Datong to refer to Datong Locomotive Works as "428", and the Datong Locomotive Senior Technical School, which was established along with Datong Locomotive Works, is still customarily called "428 Technical School". It is still called "428 Technical School".
Steam locomotive production
The first locomotive produced by the Datong Locomotive Works, No. 3501 of the Heping type
The production nameplate of the Advance 101 locomotive is now stored in the China Railway Museum. At that time, the total area of the production area was 1,050,000 square meters, the building area of the factory was 270,000 square meters, and the total number of equipments was nearly 2,800, and the designed production scale was 400 units of steam locomotives of construction type per year. Due to the influence of the "Great Leap Forward" which started in 1958, the demand for railroad locomotives rose sharply, and Datong Locomotive Works started the trial production of locomotives before the plant was fully completed. 1959, Datong Locomotive Works started the trial production of Peaceful Mainline Freight Steam Locomotives in accordance with the drawing provided by Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory. On December 26, 1959, the first locomotive manufactured by Datong Locomotive Works, Peace Type 3501, was successfully shipped out of the factory on a trial basis [3]. In 1964, Datong Locomotive Works made thorough improvements to the traction thermal performance of the Heping-type locomotives according to the actual needs of China's railroads, redesigned the locomotive boilers, and added smoke panels. on September 28, 1964, the first new Heping-type steam locomotive (No. HP101, later changed to Advance No. 101) was successfully test-produced in Datong with a major improvement in its design, and was designated as Advance-type locomotive. In April 1965, Datong Locomotive Works was designated by the Ministry of Railways as the sole manufacturer of the Qianjin steam locomotive and started mass production. Since then, as the most powerful and efficient steam locomotive in China, the Qianjin type locomotive became the main type of steam locomotive for freight transportation on the main lines of Chinese railroads at that time. Because of the close relationship between Advance locomotives and Datong Locomotive Works, the place where Datong Locomotive Works was located was named "Advance Road", the factory song was called "Advance Song", and the factory's newspaper was "Advance Newspaper".
By August 20, 1979, the cumulative production of forward-type steam locomotives manufactured by Datong Locomotive Works had reached 3,000 units, which was rewarded by the Ministry of Railways through a circular order. 1980, Datong Locomotive Works further broke the record of production, creating a new level of annual output of 325 steam locomotives. "In March 1984, Datong Locomotive Works suddenly received an urgent order from the Ministry of Railways to produce 30 sets of forward-type locomotives to ensure the opening of the new line in Anhui-Ganzhou. As the Ministry of Railways required that the whole line of Anhui-Ganxi Railway must be opened to traffic on June 1 of the same year, Datong Locomotive Works was required to complete the manufacturing task of 30 sets of forward-type locomotives before May 15, and deliver them to the Anhui-Ganxi line. The necessary production cycle for the forward-type locomotives from feeding to assembling into locomotives was 52 days. Calculating according to the calculation of building one unit per day, it took 82 days***, plus the adjustment of the production process and the transfer of the construction-type locomotives to the end of the production, which required more time. However, Datong Locomotive Works set off the competition of "going forward to protect Wan Gan". 75 days later, 30 brand-new forward-type locomotives were sent to the new line of Wan Gan and put into operation on time. 1985, according to the rise of demand for the construction-type steam locomotives and problems, Datong Locomotive Works started to further improve its design, and developed the first "construction-type locomotive" in 1986, which was the first one of the "construction-type locomotives". In 1986, the first "Construction B" steam locomotive (JS-8001) was developed.
Datong Locomotive Works, as one of the world's last large-scale manufacturers of mainline steam locomotives, attracted tens of thousands of steam locomotive enthusiasts from all over the world during the 1970s and 1980s. In order to meet the requirements of steam locomotive enthusiasts at home and abroad, Datong Locomotive Works, the Ministry of Railways, Shanxi Province and other relevant departments jointly organized the "China's First Datong International Steam Locomotive Festival" and "China's Steam Locomotives of All Ages Traveling Exhibition" in Datong, Shanxi Province, from September 15 to 17, 1988, which was held in the city of Datong. To 17 September 1988 in Datong City, Shanxi Province, was held. As of October 20, 1988, Datong Locomotive Works had built 5,571 steam locomotives of various types in 21 railroad bureaus and 116 locomotive sections throughout the country, and at the end of 1988, in accordance with the directives of the Ministry of Railways, the factory stopped the production of large steam locomotives in the main line and switched to the manufacture of internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives. Steam locomotive No. 7207 was shipped out of the factory, and a grand transfer ceremony was held at Datong Locomotive Works on the same day.
Internal combustion locomotive production
The first Dongfeng 4B internal combustion locomotive of Datong Locomotive WorksAnd while producing steam locomotives, Datong Locomotive Works was also developing in other areas. As early as in the mid-1960s, Datong Locomotive Works began to try to develop internal combustion locomotives, and on December 15, 1965, the first successful test production of internal combustion locomotives - No. ND-0032 Dongfeng internal combustion locomotives.In December 1969, Datong Locomotive Works test production success of China's first In December 1969, Datong Locomotive Works successfully test-built China's first "Long March" 3,000 hp gas turbine locomotive [5]. Datong Locomotive Works officially started mass production of internal combustion locomotives in 1986, and on September 22, 1986, the first Dongfeng 4B internal combustion locomotive (DF4B-6001) manufactured by Datong Works was completed and the ribbon was cut on September 26, 1997, when Datong Locomotive Works started production of Dongfeng 4C internal combustion locomotives. With the switch to electric locomotives, the production of Dongfeng 4B and Dongfeng 4C internal combustion locomotives at Datong Locomotive Works ceased in 1998 and 1999, and the production of Dongfeng 4C internal combustion locomotives ceased until the switch to electric locomotives. Until the switch to electric locomotives, Datong Locomotive Works manufactured 659 units of various types of internal combustion locomotives***.
Electric locomotive production
In 1985, Datong Locomotive Works realized that electric locomotives are the important development direction of China's railroad rolling stock industry in the future, and put forward the concept of electric locomotive production layout of "South Zhuzhou (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) and North Datong (Datong Locomotive Works)" In October 1989, the Ministry of Railways officially approved Datong Locomotive Works to produce electric locomotives. In October 1989, the Ministry of Railways formally approved the plan of Datong Locomotive Works to switch to the production of electric locomotives, and on September 15, 1990, Datong Locomotive Works completed the trial production of the first Shaoshan 3 electric locomotive in accordance with the drawings of Zhuzhou Factory [3]. 1992, the first Shaoshan 7 electric locomotive developed by Datong Locomotive Works passed the acceptance test. Subsequently developed 25 tons of axle weight Shaoshan 7B heavy freight electric locomotives and Shaoshan 7C, Shaoshan 7D type speed passenger electric locomotives, Shaoshan 7 electric locomotives to form a series. Shaoshan 7C, Shaoshan 7D and Shaoshan 7E locomotives have become the main locomotives for the third, fourth and fifth major speed-ups of China Railway. in June 1999, Datong Locomotive Works ceased the production of internal combustion locomotives, and became a single specialized factory for manufacturing electric locomotives.
From 2001 to 2002, Datong Electric Locomotive Works participated in the development project of "China Star" electric locomotive with a speed of 270 kilometers per hour, and cooperated with Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works in the development of AC-driven power cars. By the end of 2003, the plant had produced 1,146 units of various types of electric locomotives, and in 2004, it was responsible for the development of the "Sky Shuttle", an AC-driven passenger electric locomotive, which was a key scientific research project of China North Locomotive Corporation (CNR).
System Reform
The Datong Locomotive Works has been under the administration of Rolling Stock Industry Administration of the First Ministry of Machinery Industry, the General Administration of Rolling Stock Industry of the Ministry of Railways, and the China Railway Rolling Stock Industry Corporation (CRRSIC), respectively, since 2000. With the separation of the main and auxiliary industries of the state-owned enterprises and the restructuring of auxiliary industries, CRRSIC reorganized itself into the Northern China Locomotive and Vehicle Industry Group Corporation (NCRVIC) and the Southern China Locomotive and Vehicle Industry Group Corporation (SCVIC), respectively. In 2000, with the wave of separation of state-owned enterprises, China Railway Rolling Stock Industry Corporation was reorganized into China Northern Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Group Corporation and China Southern Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Group Corporation.
In 2003, China CNR reorganized Datong Locomotive Works to form Datong Electric Locomotive Co.
Foreign Cooperation
In 1996, Datong Locomotive Works and ABC Railway Products China Investment Company*** invested in the establishment of Datong ABC Casting Co.
In 2002, the introduction of German Stedman DSA series pantograph technology to form the Beijing Said Hi-Tech Railway Electric Technology Limited Liability Company. 2005 and ABB (China) Ltd. formed a joint venture with Datong ABB Traction Transformer Co.
Since 2003, in accordance with the strategy of "Introducing advanced technology, joint design and production, and building Chinese brand" put forward by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, under the unified arrangement of the Ministry of Railways, Datong Electric Locomotive, as one of the key enterprises supported by the Ministry of Railways for the modernization of rolling stock, has cooperated with Alstom of France. In February 2005, Datong Electric Locomotive and Alstom signed a contract on procurement and technology introduction and transfer of high-power AC drive electric locomotives, and cooperated in the production of HXD2 electric locomotives[7][8]. In response to the manufacturing technology transferred by Alstom, Tongchuan has invested RMB 800 million from 2004 to implement technological transformation and process re-engineering, from digital material preparation by plasma CNC cutting, high-quality welding by welding robots to precise machining by CNC machining centers, precision testing by three-coordinate measuring machines, and advanced testing for locomotive commissioning, and has built seven internationally advanced level Specialized production line[9]. On May 18, 2007, the first localized HXD2 locomotive came off the production line in Datong.