Of course, you may say that this is the time to test one's resilience (i.e., stress), but the Jiangnan Red Cross believes that resilience can be cultivated, and so can mental quality, and even more importantly: many emergency measures require more than just courage, calmness, enthusiasm, optimism, and a number of other good qualities, but also knowledge, skill, and even skill. .. If the fall from a high place, if many enthusiastic rescue, if the reasonable handling, do not let life hurt, if the self-help properly ...... in many cases, the problem is not needed to try to solve the problem, epiphany, because we can know in advance how to be the best choice, how to avoid the greater risk, we don't have so much time, and don't have to The first thing you need to do is to pay too much unnecessary cost.
Accidents, also known as risks, are things that are not expected, not thought of, both good and bad, and can easily cause mood swings. Perhaps people are now placing more emphasis on risk prevention, or risk reduction, "prevention is better than cure", but in the event of an accident, the ability to deal with it appropriately is what matters most.
Criticality is an emergency situation that is triggered by a deteriorating situation, an accident, an illness, and so on. Sometimes a critical situation arises from a prolonged period of instability, insecurity, or an external state that is fraught with danger. Criticality is often related to accidents, but not exclusively, such as the recurrence of some illnesses, overstressing during speeches or exams, and so on. The emphasis here is on first aid, the practice of proven first aid in the event of sudden illness or accidental injury.
When the accident or crisis will bring serious losses, it can be called a disaster. Common disasters are: ① acute illness (including acute infectious diseases): stroke, heart attack, trauma, foreign objects, etc.; ② earthquake; ③ fire; ④ flood (including drowning): tsunami, flood, mudslide, avalanche, floating at sea; ⑤ traffic accidents; ⑥ poisoning; ⑦ war and so on.
It should be seen that disaster exists all the time, and when it manifests itself, it is necessary to be able to know: ① how to do it; ② how to filter out the bad emotions, such as excessive fear and tension; ③ how to seek the help of other people, especially professional organizations, and to distinguish the help that is harmful; ④ how to organize a group to face the disaster collectively; ⑤ how to minimize the adverse effects of the disaster, and get the positive effects from it. The first thing you need to do is to find a way to get out of the disaster and help others to get out of the disaster.
Life is equal for everyone (or unequal), we don't need tragedy, we are not the makers of tragedy, we need to face the accident with a positive attitude, we can stop the tragedy.
To start from the psychology of emergency, knowledge, methods, steps, the Red Cross in Gangnam District will be more detailed and comprehensive to help you, to help all those who seek a wise life, to cultivate the best psychological qualities of emergency, to overcome the disaster with unremitting efforts and extraordinary courage.
Popularizing the knowledge of first aid is the duty of the Red Cross in Gangnam District.
Everyone is related to "first aid", because it is inevitable that some critical situations and even accidental injuries will happen to anyone. Even if you have not been hurt by the disease, in the work and living environment, in the travel on the road, sometimes also encountered tension and sudden scene, need to lend a helping hand. Therefore, learning some first aid knowledge is really an important and meaningful thing.
First, first aid from the family
People live in the family, the family is a cell of society. Some accidental injuries and critical emergencies can occur in any environment and space, and are not limited by the time of day or night. Still, a large number of everyday critical emergencies occur most frequently in the home. In the United States, approximately 700,000 people die of cardiac emergencies each year, and one-half of these deaths occur "outside the hospital," i.e., in the patient's home and on the way to the hospital. According to a large number of daily statistics from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center for the four and a half years from January 1990 to June 1994***, 88% of sudden deaths occurred in the home. An analysis of the age of sudden death shows that the age group 50 to 59 years old accounts for the highest percentage.
Some other accidents, such as taking the wrong medicine, food poisoning, gas poisoning, pediatric tracheal foreign body, the elderly choking, etc., the family is also the most common environment. Therefore, the "first scene" of first aid is the family. Do a good job of family first aid, for saving the lives of critically ill patients has a pivotal role.
Second, let the life back to glory
Modern civilized society, the rapid development of the economy today, people are working hard, frequent travel in the city, international, human activities than at any time more than the expansion of the scope. Whether it is an emergency or an accident, including traffic accidents, the incidence of all kinds of natural and man-made disasters is significantly higher. Lives are threatened and health is challenged. There are a number of people in their prime who have lost their lives to critical emergencies and accidents when they should have been displaying their talents and skills for the society. Many of them could have been saved and "spared". For example, in the case of acute myocardial infarction, more than 1/2 of the deaths occurred within one hour of the onset of the disease. The reason for this is the occurrence of serious comorbidities. In other words, serious comorbidities devour the patient's life. If correct first aid measures can be taken in time at the scene, a number of lives can be saved. Many medical experts in China have pointed out in their research reports that popularizing CPR-based first aid knowledge among the public can significantly increase the success rate of resuscitation in critical heart disease, and can reduce the threat of sudden death to life to a minimum.
Perhaps some people may say that the rescue of critically ill patients is the doctor's business, especially doctors with excellent medical skills, modern hospitals with modern equipment, and the popularization of first aid knowledge of the people have much to do with it? We know that the most serious case of critical illness is respiratory arrest. There is no "storehouse" of oxygen in the human body, and circulatory arrest means that the oxygen supply is interrupted, and the cells will die soon if they are deprived of oxygen. If cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed within 4 minutes without delay, a high percentage of patients will survive. It is extremely rare to be able to save a life if retreated after more than 10 minutes. Even if a very small number of people can be resuscitated, they are often left with serious sequelae, mental impairment or even become a "vegetable". This is due to the damage caused by the lack of oxygen to the brain cells for too long. The only correct way to save the patient is to be at the patient's side immediately and perform effective CPR. Now a lot of developed countries put forward the "first witness" rescue, often is the key to rescue respiratory arrest success or failure.
The so-called "first eyewitness" is the patient's body, the surrounding people, is the general public. Usually actively improve the people's awareness of first aid and first aid skills, once the accident, the patient will be able to get around people in time for effective treatment. Life is likely to be saved, life will return to glory.
When we meet the critically ill, on the one hand, in the family or other scene to give emergency necessary care. At the same time, it is also necessary to immediately call the emergency center, first aid station or nearby medical institutions, family doctors, and ask medical personnel to come to the rescue.
Calling, in general, is the most common and rapid method of socializing and transferring information. In the rescue of patients, it is a very important first step in first aid, so the world attaches great importance to the creation and use of "emergency telephone".
First, the emergency telephone - the first step of rescue at present, many developed countries and developing countries attach great importance to the creation of the establishment of their own or the region's unified emergency telephone, its intention is self-evident. The unified emergency telephone can be in the patient occurred critical emergency, the surrounding people do not have to query (good memory, short), immediately dial the emergency agencies to report the condition, requesting medical treatment. This is the most critical first step in saving time and providing timely treatment. First aid telephone is an important part of the first aid communication system, the first aid communication system is the center of the first aid response, the outpost of the emergency work. It is responsible for receiving, transmitting, responding, commanding and coordinating the contact work of first aid information, so that the coordination of all aspects of first aid work outside the hospital and within the hospital is closely integrated, and the rapid response is unimpeded. When major disasters and accidents and batches of sick and wounded, emergency communication system has become a national, urban, regional and medical emergency command and liaison system.
Second, "120" - China's first aid telephone number
China's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Health, according to the relevant provisions of the national communication network automatic circuit numbering national standards, as well as the needs of first aid work, decided in 1986 : The Chinese people **** and the State emergency call telephone number for "120". In March 1988, when the Beijing Emergency Medical Center was completed and in full operation, the "120" emergency number was activated in Beijing. In the past, the emergency telephone numbers used in Beijing ranged from 55678 to 555678, which have been retained to this day (now changed to 525.5678) as an adjunct to the "120" telephone number due to the fact that they have long been familiar to the community and the public and are well remembered. We believe that other cities in the opening of the standard emergency telephone number, may also be used in the past, the masses are familiar with the emergency telephone number retained for a period of time, to be "120" number in-depth popularity and then withdrawn not too late.
Here it is worth pointing out that a city to establish a first aid center or first aid station, the opening of the "120" emergency telephone, this number is not only belong to the first aid center itself, and should be part of the whole city to call for help network system, "communication command center. ". Because the "120" telephone conveys quickly, no matter when and where critical patients, accidents, the first dial "120", and then by the "120" duty scheduling according to the situation and geographic location. The first thing you need to do is to get to the nearest first aid station or medical institution to save your life.
With the accelerated pace of reform and opening up of China, especially in some open cities and developed tourist areas, first aid work is more and more important, and the opening of the "120" emergency telephone is more urgent. The establishment of "120" emergency telephone is not only the medical and health departments, but also government departments should be concerned about the support and early completion of the cause. The United States emergency telephone "911" is a household name, women and children know. It is not only for medical emergencies, but all belonging to the emergency rescue and even banditry, fire and other difficulties need help, are playing "911", and acceptance of the desk according to the nature of the call for help in different categories, and quickly issued a directive to take rescue action.
Third, call for help on the phone to say what
Because it is a call for help on the phone, so the language must be concise, accurate, important must be clear, irrelevant words do not say, so as not to delay the precious time.
The phone generally have to say please the following points:
(1) the patient's name, gender, age;
(2) the most critical situation, such as confusion, fainted on the ground, anterior heart pain, hemorrhage, respiratory difficulties, such as the onset of the time, the process, the use of medication, as well as the past history of the onset of the relevant part of the
(3) the family or the scene to report on the scene. The patient's family or the onset of the scene to report the scene of the detailed address and telephone number, as well as waiting for the exact location of the ambulance, preferably at the place where there is a clear and conspicuous signs;
(4) accidental disaster accident also need to explain the nature of the injury, the number of injuries and other circumstances.
The first aid doctor according to the above call for help content, carrying first aid medicine equipment, accurate and timely to the scene, rapid rescue.
Fourth, the family first aid "eight commandments"
A ring panic: panic in case of trouble, not helpful. If you panic and pull the electrocuted person with your hand, you can only electrocute yourself. At this time, we should first cut off the power supply, with wooden sticks and other insulators to make the patient out of the power supply and then rescue.
The second commandment is to lose the big one because of the small one: when encountering a critical patient, first see if the patient still has a heartbeat and breathing, pupil and mental condition. If the heartbeat has stopped, it should immediately do mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and chest compressions, and can not be rushed to bandage bleeding (the patient is dead, bleeding what use).
The third ring random moving: in case of accidents, family members tend to be nervous, screaming patients, pushing and shaking the patient, moving and dragging. In fact, the best in situ treatment, do not move at will, especially cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute myocardial infarction, bone fracture patients more avoid moving.
The fourth commandment is to seek far away: when the first aid, time is life, should be sent to the nearest hospital, especially when the patient's respiratory heartbeat is on the verge of stopping, it is more inappropriate to send more distant hospitals, we must believe that the small hospitals have the ability to carry out the initial first aid, first aid, the condition is relatively stable after the transfer of the higher hospitals.
Fifth ring indiscriminate use of drugs: many families have medicines, but the knowledge of the use of drugs is limited, do not use indiscriminately. Such as acute abdominal pain, overdose of painkillers will cover up the condition, hindering the correct diagnosis.
Six quit indiscriminate drinks: many people mistakenly think that the patient drink some hot tea and hot water will relieve the condition, in fact, unnecessary. Burns patients should not drink boiled water, acute necrotizing pancreatitis should be banned from food and water, especially confused patients, more can not be hard to drink, it is easy to pour into the bronchial tube caused by choking, choking.
The seventh commandment is to lie down: not all patients should lie down, such as unconscious patients should be allowed to lie down, head to the side; cardiac asthma patients to take a seated position, legs down, slightly ambush in the back of the chair is better; acute abdominal pain, let it bend the knee to reduce pain; pleural effusion patients to take a semi-sitting position.
The eight commandments are to make up your own mind and deal with it: usually pay attention to learn some basic knowledge of rescue, and avoid dealing with it as a matter of course in an emergency.
"Flashback" in the medical known as acute lumbar sprain, a common disease, mostly caused by improper posture, over-exertion, ultra-limited activities and external forces have collision caused by soft tissue damage. Immediately after the injury, lumbar pain, persistent pain, the next day can be due to local bleeding, swelling, lumbar pain is more serious; there is also just a slight twisting of the waist, there is no obvious pain, but after resting lumbar pain.
Acute sprains and strains are mostly accompanied by severe pain, if the pain is intolerable, you can use topical painkillers, and do not just endure. For pain relief, many people prefer to eat painkillers. In fact, in terms of efficacy, topical painkillers are as effective as oral painkillers. Topical painkillers work directly on the local area, and when applied directly to the painful area, they can penetrate quickly through the skin and relieve pain quickly and effectively. This can be avoided at the same time on the gastrointestinal stimulation, high security, easy to use.
Some people, especially the elderly, think that Chinese herbal medicine is a good treatment for sprains and strains. But experts pointed out that there are many kinds of Chinese medicine creams, some of which do not have the function of anti-inflammatory. Weekday sprains and strains, but also can not immediately paste the ointment, ointment has the role of blood dissipation, but will accelerate the swelling. If the sprained part of the swelling, skin bruising or pain for a long time can not be relieved, should immediately to the regular hospital.
In general, sports injuries are often associated with inadequate warm-up exercises. To this end, sports experts suggest that to avoid sports injuries, we must do a good job of preparation activities, the parts that are prone to injury, to do some auxiliary warm-up activities, such as basketball, soccer before playing, to target the activities of the ankle joints, knees, and press the legs.
The expert introduced, after the sprain, strain, to immediately stop the movement, so as not to aggravate the injury, and take appropriate first aid treatment measures. If there is a cramp, should be reversed to stretch the cramp part of the muscle, while local massage. If there is a muscle strain, you should immediately apply ice or cold towels on the sore spot, keep it for 30 minutes, do not rub and hot compress. Once the "flashback", to timely and proper treatment, and pay attention to rest, it is best to sleep on a wooden bed, the following plus a padded quilt. Do not sleep on a spring bed, because too soft spring will make the spine scoliosis, resulting in lumbar disease aggravation. At the same time, we should ask the doctor for treatment as soon as possible, but also choose the following methods as appropriate:
Massage: flashbacks take a prone position, family members with the palms of both hands on both sides of the spine, from the top to the bottom of the side of the kneading side of the pressure to the hips and down to the thighs, calves behind the muscle groups, massage a few times, and then in the most painful parts of the thumbs massage massage and kneading a few times.
Hot compresses: use fried hot salt or sand wrapped in a cloth bag, hot compresses on the sprain, half an hour each time, morning and evening, pay attention not to burn the skin.
Drugs external method: take fresh ginger, the inner layer of the hollow, the research of fine andrographis into the ginger, the top of the ginger sheet cover tightly, put the tile on the baking, the ginger baked into the old yellow, put cold, research fine powder, sprinkled in the wound wet cream, paste the affected area, the pain stops to go to the medicine.
Drugs burn therapy: take: thorn mustard, windbreak, cloves, cinnamon, frankincense, myrrh, pepper, etc., *** research fine surface, the treatment of the first powdered medicine sprinkled in the affected area of the skin, take the white cloth 2-3 (vinegar-soaked) covered in the medicine on the end, and then 20 ml syringe to absorb the 95% alcohol, sprayed in the white cloth, and then lit, and constantly sprayed with alcohol, and so feel the hot blowing out, a little cooler and again! Ignition, repeated 4-5 times can end a treatment.
In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the self-protection in sports, choose the right sports ground, wear good sports equipment and understand some of the self-protection action in the process of sports. For example, when the body is out of balance, you should immediately step forward or backward to avoid falling; about to fall, you should immediately lower your head, bend your elbows, group your body to the back of the ground, and then do the rolling action, do not use a straight arm to support the ground, so as not to cause a fracture. Maintain a good state of mind, each exercise is not greedy, but also very important.