The routine blood tests include many items, but the main ones are hemoglobin measurement, white blood cell count and classification, and platelet count. When you look at a routine blood test, focus on the following aspects.
I. Hemoglobin (Hb):
Hemoglobin is a protein involved in oxygen transport in red blood cells, and iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 are important raw materials for its synthesis. Normal male (120 to 160) g / L, female (110 to 150) g / L.
Hemoglobin below the normal level is called anemia, can be seen in a variety of diseases: ① hematopoietic raw materials caused by the lack of iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition anemia. ② bone marrow hematopoietic failure such as aplastic anemia. ③A variety of acute and chronic blood loss caused by excessive loss of red blood cells, such as severe trauma blood loss, ulcer disease bleeding, menorrhagia, hemorrhoids or anal fissure bleeding. (4) Various hemolytic anemia caused by excessive destruction of red blood cells. ⑤Malignant tumor cells invade bone marrow, such as various leukemia, myeloma, bone marrow metastatic cancer and so on.
Hemoglobin increase is common in: true erythrocytosis, vomiting, diarrhea and other severe dehydration, severe burns, a large number of long-term smoking, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, congenital heart disease, some kidney disease, residents of alpine areas.
If the hemoglobin result is found to be abnormal, attention should be paid to see if it is accompanied by abnormal white blood cell count, platelet and reticulocyte count, and if necessary, a bone marrow aspiration should be performed, as these data are very important for further clarification of the cause of the anemia. At the same time, they should follow the guidance of hematologists, and should not take medication indiscriminately, so as not to delay the diagnosis and treatment.
White Blood Cell Count (WBC) and Classification
White blood cells in the blood are commonly known as "white blood cells" and include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. A white blood cell count is a measure of the total number of white blood cells in the blood, and a classification is a calculation of the percentage of white blood cells in each of these categories. Different disease conditions can cause changes in the number of different types of white blood cells. Doctors will determine the cause of the disease based on the changes in the number and percentage of white blood cells. The total number of normal adult WBCs is (4.0-10)×109/L; the percentage of classification: Neutrophils (Gran) accounts for 50%-70%, Lymphocytes (Lym) accounts for 20%-40%, Monocytes (Mono) accounts for 3%-8%, Eosinophils 0.5%-05%, Basophils 0-1%.
Leukopenia is common in: ① viral infections. Such as measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, viral hepatitis, viral colds. ② some bacteria, protozoa infection. Such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, malaria, black fever, and serious infections such as cornual tuberculosis, severe sepsis. ③ Blood diseases such as aplastic anemia, leukocyte dysplasia leukemia, acute granulocyte deficiency, malignant histiocytosis and so on. ④ Certain drugs and chemical reagents and radiation effects, such as sulfa drugs, chloramphenicol, antitumor drugs, cosmetics, substandard decoration materials.
Leukocytosis is common in: ① systemic or localized infections, such as lobar pneumonia, acute tonsillitis, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, dengue, acute appendicitis, diphtheria and so on. ② obvious leukocyte elevation should be alert to the possibility of leukemia. ③ Certain tumors can cause leukocyte elevation. ④Trauma or tissue necrosis, such as extensive burns.
Lymphocytosis is common in tuberculosis, viral infections, whooping cough, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In neutropenia, the percentage of lymphocytes is relatively elevated. Eosinophilia is common in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, and intestinal parasites; certain leukemias can also be associated with elevated eosinophils.
It should be noted that the number of leukocytes in the blood is dynamic, and some physiological conditions may cause transient fluctuations, such as after a meal, strenuous exercise, etc., and there may also be instrumental measurement errors. Therefore, there is no need to be overly alarmed when you find an abnormal white blood cell count, and you should review your blood count at least once and go to the hematology department as soon as possible.
Three: Platelet count (PLT)
The normal range of PLT is (100~300)×109/L. The main function of platelets is to participate in hemostasis and coagulation. If the platelet count is too high, the blood will be in a state of hypercoagulability and thrombosis will occur easily, while if it is too low, bleeding such as epistaxis, bleeding gums, bleeding spots or petechiae on the skin will occur easily.
Elevated platelets are common in blood diseases such as primary thrombocythemia, true erythrocytosis, chronic granulocytic leukemia, etc. Certain infections, malignant tumors, iron-deficiency anemia, splenectomy, and post-exercise, etc., can also have increased platelets.
Thrombocytopenia is common in: primary thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, hypersplenism, diffuse intravascular coagulation, caused by certain drugs and thrombocytopenia such as aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, and bone marrow metastasis of malignant tumors.
The routine blood test is a very common clinical test, the report card in the project is more, so when reading the report card, can not be isolated to look at a particular, must be the results of the comprehensive analysis of the various laboratory results, the doctor will also be based on your clinical symptoms as well as the physical examination of the situation to do further diagnosis and treatment.