Knowledge of fire safety in hospitals
As hospitals are high fire risk places, relatively concentrated, and more patients, once the fire will threaten people's lives. Hospital fire safety is to eliminate and reduce the occurrence of fire is an important guarantee. Therefore, the fire department to remind the hospital should pay attention to fire prevention and master the necessary fire safety knowledge.
First, the characteristics of the hospital fire
1, the hospital fire loss
The hospital is a high concentration of public **** place, not only the patients and health care workers, but also logistics, patients' families, etc., once the fire, it is easy to Falls, stampedes, burns and even deaths, such as threatening and endangering people's lives. The function of modern hospitals is gradually from a single gradually to the diversified development, is not purely to see and treat the sick. Many comprehensive hospitals set outpatient, inpatient, clinical, teaching, experimental and integrated. In order to meet the functional needs of the hospital's valuable medical equipment is increasing, once the fire loss of these valuable equipment is inevitable.
2, fire fighting difficulty
Hospitals have a large number of long-term patients, they belong to the vulnerable groups, once the fire, the mobility of these patients is difficult to escape, especially orthopedic patients, some even lying on a stretcher, for the rescue of personnel to increase the difficulty. The main part of the hospital building outpatient department, inpatient department, operating room, auxiliary treatment part of the radiology, physiotherapy, pathology, biochemical testing and other medical technology departments, most of the buildings are connected to a piece of the fire will increase the difficulty of fighting.
3, fire safety management is difficult
Fire safety involves all aspects of hospital affairs, including not only the maintenance of fire safety facilities, inspection, including fire skills drills, fire emergency plan development, etc., and some measures and methods may be contradicted with other aspects of management. Such as the opening and closing of fire escapes, in order to prevent theft. Happen, many hospitals tend to ask the fire escape locked, which is conducive to property safety management, but from the perspective of fire safety is extremely unreasonable.
Second, the daily fire prevention measures
1, fire inspection
Fire safety key units should be carried out daily fire inspection, and to determine the inspection of the personnel, content, location and frequency. Fire inspectors should correct violations, properly dispose of fire hazards, can not be disposed of on the spot, it should be reported immediately, the discovery of an incipient fire should be immediately reported to the police and put out in a timely manner.
2, fire inspection
Organs, organizations, institutions should be at least quarterly fire inspection, other units should be at least once a month fire inspection. Fire inspection should fill out the inspection record, the inspector and the person in charge of the department being inspected should be signed on the inspection record.
3, employees before going to work, after work fire inspection content
Each section of each employee should be developed every day before going to work, after going to work in the section of the region for fire prevention check the good habits. The key checks include: fire, electricity, there is no violation of the situation, safety exits, evacuation routes are open, locking situation, fire equipment, fire safety signs intact, the place there is no fire left behind, and so on.
Third, the fire, how to deal with
1, the correct alarm, to prevent confusion
In the case of the fire develops more slowly, the leadership and staff of the hospital of the fire, you should first notify the exit of the nearby or the most unfavorable area of the people, they will be the first to evacuate out! , and then, depending on the situation, make public announcements to tell other people to evacuate. When the fire is intense and the evacuation conditions are relatively good, the public notification can be made at the same time to allow all personnel to evacuate. In the fire specifically how to inform, according to the specific conditions of the fire to determine, but must ensure that rapid and simple, so that a variety of evacuation channels to be fully utilized in a timely manner, to prevent confusion.
2, correct guidance, emotional stability
fire, because people are eager to escape the psychological effect, may be crowded together to the exit of the obvious signs, at this time, the staff should try to guide the evacuation, for the escapees to point out a variety of evacuation routes, at the same time, with a calm tone of voice shouting to persuade everyone to eliminate the panic mentality, the evacuation in an orderly manner. The first thing you need to do is to get out of the car and get out of the car.
3, to stop people from re-entering the fire scene
The evacuation of the people, to strengthen the management of the evacuation. As the affected personnel out of danger, with the degree of threat to their own lives decreases, may enhance the property and not fleeing the danger zone within the loved ones color and the degree of worry about your life. At this time, fleeing the danger zone of the personnel may re-return to the fire, the area to save the loved ones who have not yet escaped, so there is a risk of encountering new dangers, resulting in evacuation of the chaos, hindering the rescue and extinguish the fire. Therefore, has been evacuated to the safe area of the personnel, to strengthen the management, prohibit them from dangerous action, if necessary, should be in the building inside and outside the key parts of the guard personnel.
4, how to fire rescue
(1) for the mobility of the elderly, sick and disabled, children, as well as due to shock, smoke, fire and unconscious people, to use the back, hold, carry the method of catching them to rescue out. Need to cross the smoke and fire blockade, there can be wet clothes, wet bedding, etc. will be rescued and rescuers of the head, face and body cover up, and fog water gun cover, to prevent being burned by fire or heat.
(2) the floor of the internal aisles, stairs, doors and other channels have been blocked by smoke and fire, trapped people can not escape, should be used to fire ladders and other racks to the trapped person is located in the windows, balconies, roofs, etc., and then use the fire ladder, lifting fire trucks, life preserver bags. Retarder, etc. will be trapped people rescued.
(3) can not set up a fire ladder, you can use the hook ladder, unarmed climbing downpipe windows and other methods to climb up the stairs, and then use life-saving equipment to save people, or use the shooting rope gun to shoot the rope to the location of the trapped person, and then let the trapped person with a rope will be the easing of the descender, life ladder, life bags and other firefighting equipment hung up, and then let the trapped person to use the equipment to save themselves.
(4) trapped in the window, balcony, roof of the personnel, especially hanging off the outside of the building, under the threat of smoke and fire, it is possible to take the risk of jumping, at this time to use shouting or large-print slogans, caution them to stick to the end of the waiting for rescue, do not take the risk. Peer four on the ground to make life-saving preparations, such as pulling the life-saving net, life-saving mats, available sponge cushions, Simmons mattresses and other alternatives, just in case.
(5) in the use of fire ladders to rescue trapped people on the floor, be alert and stop them from swarming, so as not to cause people to fall, turn the ladder and other accidents. Trapped people themselves along the fire ladder from the floor to the ground evacuation, the safety rope should be tied to its waist to protect, or by the firefighters descending on their backs to escort down the ladder.
(6) was rescued from the injured, in addition to first aid at the scene, should also be timely rescue treatment.
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