Ming and Qing dynasties, Zheng Yangmen (commonly known as the front door) within the Dongjiaominxiang (formerly known as Dongjiangmi Lane) area, was the seat of many government offices. In this place where the common people were intimidated, there was a rather special institution, the Imperial Hospital, which treated the royal family.
(a) the hospital site changes
Ming Emperor Zhu Di capital of Beijing at the beginning of the use of the old government offices as the Yamen offices, more scattered in the urban area, mixed and disorderly. Ming Yingzong Zhengtong seven years in April (May 1442), began in the Daming Gate (Qing Dynasty, called Daqingmen, in the Zhengyangmen. After liberation has been dismantled) east, many new government offices. The Imperial Hospital Department was also built here. Qing dynasty hospital because of the old Ming Department continued to be set up in the place. Its exact location is in front of the Tiananmen Square, south of the Chintianjian, the Ministry of Rites is east, that is, the current Dongjiaominxiang Xikou Road near the north. The courtyard had three gates, all facing west. Opposite the wall, there is a black lacquer writing "too hospital" three words of the vermilion forehead. In front of the gates were the houses of the gatekeepers. The left is "land shrine" (facing north), the right is "listening to the office" (facing south). Department of five halls, is the main place of activity, which hangs the imperial gift of the emperor of the emperor of the Kangxi Huang Yun poem: "Sacred can not be again, the adjustment of the most recent love. Cun Cheng prudent medicinal properties, benevolence to the end of his life." The left side of the hall, there are three rooms in the South Hall, is the office of the Imperial Doctor. The right side of the hall is the North Hall. Behind is the first doctor temple, the door called latticework, the inner door called Xianji, the temple name Jinghui, south, the temple is enshrined in Fuxi, Shennong, the statue of the Yellow Emperor, there is the Kangxi Imperial inscription "Yongji Qunsheng" plaque. The first doctor outside the temple to the north for the temple of the king of medicine. There is a bronze statue in the temple. Connecting the hall of the hall is the second hall, there are three halls and five rooms behind.
In the 27th year of Guangxu (1901), the imperialists forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Xinjiao, which designated Dongjiaominxiang Lane as an embassy district, and all the Chinese government offices within the embassy district had to be relocated. The Imperial Hospital could not find a new place, but had to temporarily borrow Dong'anmen Street Imperial Doctor Bai Wenshou residence should be sent. Soon, the Imperial Hospital and temporarily moved to the Bei Chi Zi Da Bei Guan Yin Yuan. Guangxu 28 (1902), only in the Di'anmen outside of Huangchenggen, the Bureau of war east, another new department, three years to complete (this site after the Xinhai Revolution, changed to private two Ji Girls' High School). The main door three, with the door with the room, the west for the hearing of the teahouse east for the section room. There is a land shrine in the east and a copper temple in the west. Inside the Yimen, there are five rooms each in the east and west halls, which are the offices of the medical officers below the imperial physician. Directly north of the hall. The backyard is the second hall, following the original name is still called "Cheng Shen Hall". In the courtyard, three rooms in the east room is the "Hall of Chiefs", three rooms in the west room is the "Medical Hall", two rooms in the east ear room is the "Office of common affairs", two rooms in the west ear room is the "Teaching Room ", there are students in the north of the self-study room. The new Department of the Imperial Hospital, the site still exists. That is, today's Dongcheng District, Beijing, Di'anmen East 170 Di'anmen East Street, Tai Hospital, two Hall Street, No. 111, Beijing, No. 32 in the factory and No. 113, the Cultural Relics Bureau family quarters. The main hall has been demolished and built, but you can still see the foundation stone of the year. The second hall and the east and west hall rooms are retained in the original building, just has become housing. But from these buildings, you can imagine the hospital that year, the kind of strict and luxurious, mysterious and unpredictable scene.
Ming Tai Hospital in the temple of the Three Kings, there was Yuan Zhenzhen years (1295-1296) engraved, Song Wang Weide wrote "copper people acupuncture points acupuncture chart of the whole text of the stone, the inscription of the tablet of the seal for the Song Renzong's imperial script. The stone inscription was moved here from Bianliang (now Kaifeng) during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Yuan Dynasty (1335-1340). Wang Weide, also known as Wang Weiyi, was a famous acupuncturist in the Song Dynasty, who served as a medical officer in Hanlin and as an official of the Imperial Palace of China. In the early years of Tiansheng, he was ordered to compile and repair books on acupuncture and moxibustion. He examined and revised the records on acupuncture and moxibustion in ancient medical books and the acupuncture and moxibustion charts in detail, and summarized the acupuncture and moxibustion practices of successive generations of medical practitioners systematically, and compiled three volumes of Copper People's Points and Acupuncture and Moxibustion Charting in the fourth year of Tiansheng (1026). In the fourth year of Tiansheng (1026), he compiled three volumes of Bronze Man's Acupuncture and Moxibustion Atlas, which was issued by the government to the whole country as a standard for learning acupuncture and taking acupoints for clinical evidence. He also designed and presided over the casting of the Ming Tang acupuncture bronze two. Bronze body, internal organs can be divided can be closed, the body surface with gold characters labeled with acupuncture point names, acupuncture holes coated with yellow wax, inside is empty, can be filled with water. If the needle is correctly inserted according to the acupuncture points, the water inside, it can flow out from the holes, otherwise it can not be pierced. It was then used as acupuncture teaching and examining doctors. Two bronze, one of them lost in the war, one of the surviving, hidden in the Temple of the King of Medicine of the Ming Imperial Hospital, but this bronze, by the Yuan Shizu to Yuan years (1264-1294) recast. These relics of the previous dynasty, because of the age, to the Ming Yingzong Zhengtong years (1436-1449), the stone inscription has been indecipherable, the bronze statue of the cave has been dim and indistinguishable. Ming yingzong ordered the new hospital, hulling stone fan copper, repair "acupuncture and moxibustion chart scripture" stone carving and imitation casting of acupuncture and moxibustion bronze man, placed in the hospital for the French. Ming Jiajing, acupuncturist Gao Wu had cast three bronze, men, women and children each one. Ming Wanli, medical officer Yang Jizhou, and in the hospital cast a bronze man. So since the Northern Song Dynasty, successively **** acupuncture bronze seven. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, outside of the Imperial Hospital, the new Department of the "Copper God Temple" for the placement of which I do not know which a bronze man.
(II) the history of the hospital and its system
Supplied to the inner court of the physician or medical institutions, our country has been since ancient times, but its officials set up and its system, there are differences and similarities between the dynasties. Zhou officials have physicians on the Shi, Shi, in charge of medical government. Qin set too medical order. Western Han Dynasty, too often, the lesser of the medical order. Of too often for the hundred officials to treat the disease, belonging to the lesser government for the court to treat the disease. Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei along the set. Sui and Tang Dynasty set up the Imperial Medical Department, the officer in charge of the Imperial Medical Department order. Song has a medical officer hospital, Jin Dynasty was renamed the hospital, the governor for the point. Yuan Dynasty also called the hospital. Ming and Qing dynasties followed.
The hospital in the Qing dynasty, the system is as follows:
(a) institutions and services: early Qing dynasty, the rank of the officials between Manchu and Han Dynasty. Kangxi nine years (1670), as the regime has been more consolidated, in order to eliminate the Han's hatred of psychology, flaunted the so-called "Manchu-Chinese one", the official system will be reclassified to the same, so the officials of the Imperial Hospital, undivided Manchurian-Chinese, the duties are the same. But in the Qianlong thirty-five years (1770), there is still a special brief management of the hospital affairs of a Manchu minister, as the highest officer of the hospital, until the Qianlong fifty-eight years (1793) was abolished. Since then, the officials of the Imperial Hospital were all Han Chinese, and sometimes a few Manchus were appointed. Its personnel situation human body is: the hospital to make a person, is the hospital administration and medical affairs of the officer in charge, left, right hospital judge a person, is the hospital's deputy officer in charge, the imperial physician ten to fifteen people, the official ten to thirty people, doctor twenty to forty people, food and food doctors (or food students, mainly as the work of copying and writing, etc.), cut the doctor (responsible for the drug gun, sizzling modulation) each two, thirty people. The above posts, although the Qing Dynasty dynasties have increased or decreased, in general, the system has not changed. The hospital medical officer commonly known as the Imperial Doctor or Imperial Doctor.
Tai hospital medical officer's clothing, the Kangxi nine years (1670), the hospital is five, left and right court judge is six, the Imperial Doctor is eight, the official from nine. Yongzheng seven years (1729) provides that: the Imperial Doctor are awarded the seventh grade, allowed to use the sixth grade crown belt. The medical officer's clothing, there have been changes in successive dynasties.
(2) set up section and service straight: early Qing dynasty hospital according to the old system of the Ming dynasty **** set up eleven kinds, namely: large square pulse, small square pulse, typhoid fever, gynecology, sores and ulcers, acupuncture and moxibustion, ophthalmology, mouth and teeth, orthopedics, pharyngeal and throat, pox and rashes section. Jiaqing two years (1797), the throat and mouth and mouth, pox and rash and small square pulse into a section, thus becoming nine sections. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), the orthopedic department was transferred to the Shangyeyuan. In the second year of Daoguang (1822), the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Section was abolished due to the belief that "needling and moxibustion were not appropriate for Fengjun". Tongzhi five years (1866), the original typhoid, women's two sections, into a large square pulse, plus small square pulse, surgery, ophthalmology, mouth and teeth section, *** for five sections. The Guangxu dynasty remained unchanged.
Hospital, hospital judge, the Imperial Doctor, the official eye, the doctor's specialty, the class into the Palace, take turns serving straight. In the palace is called "Palace straight"; outside the court is called "six straight". Palace straight in the pharmacy and the palace outside the class room service straight; six straight out straight room service straight. When the Qing Emperor visited Yuanmingyuan, the palace straight in the Yuanmingyuan Pharmacy; six straight in the Yuanmingyuan outside straight room service straight. Guangxu thirteen years (1887) agreed, the West Garden (now the South China Sea and the North Sea) life pharmacy, every day there must be two officers of the Imperial Hospital, the library of the library of the library of the palm, pen, etc., in case of difference in the summons; Qianqing official Royal Pharmacy, every day, by the Imperial Hospital, the small square pulse of the two sections of each person directly to stay for the entry of the Imperial.
For the convenience of straight service, in the Palace and the Garden, the Imperial Hospital does not have a public office or "he Tan" ("Qing Wenhui Book" interpretation of "out of the residence", that is, the rest). Yuanmingyuan southeast of a mu garden has a public office, the original room more than eighty rooms, forbidden city under the east wall, on the team yard north, south of three east, there is also a. The remains have long been gone. The remains have not survived.
(3) education and assessment: the Qing Dynasty to create medical personnel, divided into two kinds of training and external training. Within the teaching is to teach within the prison in the study of medicine, outside the teaching is to teach ordinary civilians and medical officials in the children of the study of medicine. The internal teaching is selected by the Imperial Hospital to send learned medical officer to serve as a teaching work, set up in the East Pharmacy. Teaching medicine to the inner supervisor, according to the system by the Guanglu Temple to provide kitchen service and meals. The selection and training of foreign teaching staff, are extremely strict. In accordance with the provisions of: "the first doctor, from the same township Beijing official seal knot, go to the hospital (the Imperial Hospital) with the submission of the report, by the head of the hospital hall inspection, and then take the hospital medical doctors, medical officials bow tie, by the hall official (the hospital make, the hospital judge, etc.) face plus examination. Medicine can be created, allowed to wait for the test in the hospital, next to top up [1].". These after heavy assessment, indeed is "understand the medical science, body no offense", can enter the foreign study hall study. Its coaching medical officer, is also the selection of imperial physicians, officials in the eye of both character and academic excellence. The study of homework is mainly medical classics, and related specialized books. In the seventh year of the Qianlong Emperor's reign (1742), Wu Qian and others were compiled by the Imaizumi Imaizumi and published in the fourteenth year of the Qianlong Emperor's reign (1749), which was used as a medical textbook until the end of the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the quarterly exams, the undergraduates were given an examination every three years by the Ministry of Justice, and those who were admitted were called doctors. The practice is not recognized in the practice is still allowed as usual undergraduates, to wait for the next re-examination. The hospital also stipulates that all undergraduates for more than a year, after three quarterly examination ranked first class, by the Ministry of Rites can be submitted to fill the shortage of food doctors. Yongzheng eight years (1730) to set up ten grain doctors, and renamed the grain students, from now on, without examination, only by the Imperial Hospital reported to the Ministry of Rites, will be able to fill.
After the Opium War, the hospital was underfunded, teaching, examination system is becoming more and more lax, and the Office of Teaching and Learning also let it collapse. To the Tongzhi years, the imperial censor Hu Qingyuan asked to rectify the medical officer to correct medicine, so in the Tongzhi six years (1867) to change the education hall for the medical hall, the Imperial Hospital to send three teachers, three people in charge of the collection of three people in charge of the medical hall, according to the spring and fall seasons of the medical doctor, food and undergraduate exams, and then set out the grades, according to the name of the top complement. Every six years, the hospital in conjunction with the Ministry of Rites in charge of officials, in the hospital for the medical officer, such as a comprehensive examination. This examination, in addition to the hospital, the hospital judge and the imperial physician in the court straight, the emperor may not participate, the rest of the mandarins, doctors and undergraduates, etc., shall be examined.
Guangxu thirty-four years (1908), set up a new medical hall, basically in accordance with the chapters and rules of the provincial academies, the hospital ambassador, the hospital judge for the management of the school, the medical officer sent two people as a teacher, and set up inspectors, supervisors of the school, the common service, the clerk of a person in charge of the relevant affairs. In addition to the management of the school, the rest of the personnel must serve in the Imperial Hospital. In the old undergraduates in the selection of twenty students, the study period is set at four years. The late qing dynasty hospital talent training and selection system has been increasingly loose, but because of the important task undertaken by the hospital, so in the education and examination of medical officials are still very serious.
(4) personnel system: the personnel system of the Imperial Hospital, in the usual Sui situation, is strictly in accordance with the rank and file, step by step promotion and mobilization. The hospital make staff shortage, by the left court judge to fill; left court judge staff shortage, by the right court judge to fill; right court judge staff shortage, by the imperial doctor to fill; imperial doctor staff shortage, by the officials to fill; officials to fill; by the doctor to fill; doctor staff shortage, by the doctor to fill; doctor staff shortage, by the doctor to fill. The title of the medical officer is: in addition to the hospital, the hospital judge, from the imperial physician in the following case of shortage, the hospital hall officer first within the direct medical palace in the selection of nomination, delivery of the Ministry of Revenue to consult the Ministry of appointment, such as the direct medical officer to fill out, only from the direct outside of the Palace should be promoted in the selection, and according to the salary listed in the application. Before submitting, some also have to go through the examination. This is the case of general promotion. There are two special circumstances: one is the lack of officials in the hospital, such as the special use of the decree, then comply with the award; one is the hospital appeared to be more than fewer people, not enough to use, in the Zhili Province, the civil medicine and the supervision of the title of the people, selected proficient in medicine and willingness to play a role in the selection of the top of the formalities to fill in with the use of the. But this kind of special circumstances, always not much.
(5) other duties: the main duty of the hospital is to serve the Palace straight (as mentioned above). In addition, it also undertakes a number of temporary tasks assigned by decree and more permanent tasks performed by the direct members of the hospital. Commissioned by decree of the temporary tasks are as follows: First, all the kings, the Government House and the civil and military ministers to see the doctor; Second, the feudal lords, princesses, extra horse harnessed by the side of a team and Taiji ministers have a disease to ask for medical treatment. Third, the military camps need doctors, sent by decree officials to heal. By the hospital (or in conjunction with the relevant departments) members engaged in more fixed tasks, there are two main: First, the civil and military examinations (by the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of War), Shuntian Township Examinations (by the Shun Tianfu) consulting two doctors, admission for the work. To the period "selected by the hospital know the medical science of generous veins, sores and ulcers, one person, apply for the commission" [2]. Second, the Ministry of Justice Prison, "selected by the hospital to send two doctors for service, the monthly price of medicines given silver rice. Effective full six years, cut back to the hospital, promoted and authorized officials "[3]. In addition, there is a "Guanwai dispatch" task. Kangxi thirty-four years (1695) decided to send to the Heilongjiang Mergen place two good doctors, go to the clinic. Rotate once a year. Kangxi forty-five years (1706) stopped. This type of dispatch is not long.
(F) the Royal Apothecary: the Royal Apothecary is the inner court procurement, storage, preparation of medicines and doctors in shifts to serve the important institutions. Imperial pharmacy east and west. West Pharmacy to the hospital hospital, hospital director, and the Imperial Doctor, the officials of the class round straight; East Pharmacy to the Imperial Doctor, the officials of the class round straight and the doctor. The relationship between the imperial pharmacy and the Imperial Hospital, there is a process of development and change. Shunzhi ten years (1653), the Royal Dispensary under the Imperial Hospital. Drugs in and out of the accounts must be declared to the Ministry of Rites. Shunzhi sixteen years (1659) decided that the Royal Dispensary of all matters are assigned to the management of the hospital, do not have to declare to the Ministry of Rites. Shunzhi eighteen years (1661) decided to allocate the drugstore to the Ministry of Managements, the hospital needs to do with the drugs, must be issued in advance of the drug list sent to the Ministry of Manners. Kangxi ten years (1671) decided that the imperial pharmacy is no longer subordinate to the hospital, directly under the Ministry of the Interior, which is a large change. Royal Pharmacy directly under the Ministry of the Interior, the required drugs, twice a month, according to the application of the type, number, then radial to the hospital to take. Every three months, the folding of the sale. As for the Imperial Pharmacy preparation of drugs used in food, branches and utensils, etc., to the relevant Department of transmission. Such as the use of jujube, jujube, lychee, longan, etc., the line of the Department of Palm Instrumentation (in charge of the inner court of ceremonial matters, and assessment of eunuchs grade); rabbit bird, etc., the line of the Department of Yu (the general management of the matter of the Inner House of the mountains and rivers), and so on.
Where the Palace summoned the Imperial Hospital to serve straight medical officer into the big inside to see a doctor, have to be led by the Royal Pharmacy eunuch. Diagnosis and treatment of the Emperor's disease, shall be with the eunuch on the Inner Council together with the medicine, and must be even the name of the prescription seal mark. With this list of medicinal properties and treatment of this formula, medical officers, eunuchs in the month signed under the day, into the emperor to read. Sang this is available, that is registered in the register, by the eunuchs to receive the palm, in order to rely on the audit. Decoction of imperial medicine, too hospital officials and eunuchs together to monitor. To the two services of the drug into one service. Decoction, respectively, poured into two cups. A cup by the attending medical officer first taste, and then by the hospital judge, eunuchs in turn drink taste; another cup into the emperor to take. If the preparation of drugs, not in accordance with the original formula, and did not open the name of the medicine taste portion or although the opening and omission of errors, will be "great disrespect" on the crime. Qianlong five years (1740) later, the drugs are changed by the minister of cooking, medical officials no longer with the pharmaceutical. Puyi in the "my first half of life" said: "in accordance with the usual practice, the emperor is sick, every day, the doctor opened the prescription should be copied to the ministers of the Ministry of the Interior each one, if it is a serious illness, but also copied to each Minister of military affairs a". In the extant files of the Ministry of the Interior, Military and Political Affairs, can also see this copy of the Imperial Doctor's prescription, it seems that the above statement, is true. Because of the important nature of the imperial pharmacy, so that it has always become a forbidden place in the inner court, guarded against very strict, according to the "history of the Ming Palace": "since the ancestors, no one dares to enjoy the private pharmacy, the defense to the secret". Qing Dynasty Royal Pharmacy, although not in writing, but the degree of strictness is also conceivable. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, for convenience and other reasons, each palace has a pharmacy can be decocted, even the emperor is no longer in the imperial pharmacy decoction. Puyi in the "my first half of life" said: "I am sick every time, by the Yonghe Palace pharmacy decoction. Yonghe Palace is the place where Duankang dowager consort (Guangxu's Jinfei) lived, her pharmacy is better equipped than those in other dowager consort's palaces, which were inherited from Empress Dowager Longyu."
The doctor in the palace for the empress dowager, consort, empress, consort, concubine, nobleman, often in, promised to diagnose and treat the disease, prescription medication, the name of the family members of the passer-by and should be diagnosed with the name of the medical officer, are required to be registered in accordance with the provisions of the register for examination. Such as eunuchs, courtesans, etc. have a disease diagnosis and treatment, is also the same.
The Royal Apothecary in addition to the above main work, there are some other errands. The first is every summer with the hospital *** with the responsible, in the Qianqing Gate, Yuanmingyuan Palace Gate, set up for summer drinking "Elshotsholtzia soup", every New Year's Eve, it is burned in the palace Cangzhu, and management of the manufacture of chanting in the Hall of Ba Ling and so on. Secondly, he was ordered to give medicine. Shunzhi eleven years (1654) Zi Jingshan East Gate built outside the cover of the pharmacy three, by the medical officer to give medicine to the benefit of the Manchu and Han Chinese army and people. Kangxi twenty years (1681) in five cities in the place set up medicine factory fifteen, each factory has a medical officer and a doctor, for the people in Beijing free treatment. Kangxi twenty-one years (1682), changed to set up four plants in the east, west, south and north, the issuance of funds, sent medical officers to administer medicine, set as a standing order until the fourteenth year of the Qianlong period (1749) to stop.
The Royal Pharmacy need to use the source of medicines, since the Daoguang (1821 to 1850) dynasty, there are changes, that is, the provinces in addition to the Tribute to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the other production of medicines are negotiated for the price, by the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the Royal Pharmacy at any time to the purchase of medicines, and thereafter the Imperial Hospital's pharmacy, the same as the virtual.
(C) the doctor's suffering and encounter
People say that the doctor, in addition to the medical officer in the Imperial Hospital, should also include those who are recommended to the capital, for the court's famous doctors. They wait around the king, for the "supreme" diagnosis and treatment of disease, in the event of a difficult disease, the attention of the public, the responsibility is very heavy. However, historically, the emperor consort, most of the pampered, every meal must be cream mixed, preserved and recommended, such as this way of life, naturally detrimental to health. Noble body weak, it is not easy to cure the disease, but blame the doctor incompetent. Doctors into the palace for the job, and sometimes have to officials, eunuchs, such as the House of Na to bribes, not so they will be from the obstruction, everywhere set up obstacles, so even those who are skilled in the art of Manipulation of the doctor, due to the constraints of many parties, it is difficult to show their skills. Some accidentally fortunate, medical see merit, although the reward added, the honor exceptionally, seems to be able to step forward, in fact, may not be. Even the gift of entry, not enough to bribe the out. Coupled with the Palace of the forbidden, the hook and corner, the Yu Yu I guile, political wind and clouds, unpredictable, and sometimes the doctor is the first to bear the brunt, difficult to escape. A medicine mistakenly cast, life and death of the system, an accident, to be killed; so some famous doctors to be called into the palace as a dangerous way, and even heard the news far away, trying to run away. The real official luck is very few, just a handful. The world is rumored to be "difficult to be a doctor," the saying, Xun is not a false statement, which sweet and bitter, non-individuals can not be fully known.
Try to see the following example, the doctor can be difficult to know a little bit.
(a) Some emperors boasted of knowing the doctor, the prescription of medicines, accusations at every turn, even if the doctor manipulation of God's skills have to be reluctant to comply with the oracle treatment. Such as the Guangxu Emperor since childhood, thin, weak, adult is a disease, long-term disorders of the spleen and stomach, and suffers from severe spermatorrhea, and sometimes hear the sound of gongs and drums instant ejaculation, and then successive hot flashes, night sweats, coughing, palpitations, insomnia, dizziness, ringing in the ears, forgetfulness, and a series of symptoms, but also because of the life of its political disillusionment, life is not happy, the blow to this cause and the mental anguish, and more to prompt him to atrophy, the disease worsened. The disease was aggravated. So the character is also more suffering, cowardly and suspicious, withdrawn and stubborn. Emperor Guangxu a little through the medical profession, in the case of the disease of the mouth heavy, eager to cure the situation, the doctor often move to the sound and color, sternly reprimanded, and self-righteousness, the order to cure the law. Guangxu 33 years (1907), its condition has been very heavy, tossing and turning mattresses, moaning, August 22 of that year (September 29) of the "Rising Note" has been recorded: "Every time the prescription is light less, the pain (referring to the lumbar and crotch) is also light, tried and true. For example, in the past month, I have been taking medicine from Lijun (the Imperial Doctor), whose prescriptions are all five or six flavors, and the pain has been reduced. In the last two days, the prescription was a little heavier, and the symptoms also increased. Covered by the medication for a long time, the internal organs can not win the drug also. Subsequent cubes should be detailed discretion, always must be less specialized start no harm". The doctor had to comply with the Oracle to do. Since then to Guangxu prescriptions used medicine flavor are very few, and the dosage is very light. This kind of disregard for the actual condition, only the sacred intention is to comply with the prescription, do not get good results, should be expected. Not only that, Guangxu also went on to name the medicines in the special oracle, said: "If the commonly used hot agents, a flavor of the harsh tonic, I am afraid that the former issued the chiropractic recurrence of the present. It is appropriate to discretionary cubes, such as raw land, ginseng, maitake, chrysanthemum, mulberry leaves, bamboo and other cool yin nourishing products, a little bit of two or three flavors per day, in order to prevent the floating heat from time to time on the overflow". So in the subsequent file of the pulse, Guangxu appointed drugs every more see and, regardless of these heat nourishing drugs, whether or not fully symptomatic at that time, the Imperial Doctor must also be used according to the will.
(2) the government to treat the disease, the first priority of the efficacy of the Imperial Doctor must be careful, cautious, but also difficult to work, so that the doctor was reprimanded for light, heavy was severely punished. Such as Kangxi forty-five years (1706) November 24, the Imperial Hospital Hospital to make Sun Zhiding and other purpose of the treatment of the Yellow Flag within the Minister Pohl basin hemorrhoid leakage recurrence disease, Kangxi on their treatment is very dissatisfied with the situation, was in the Zhu batch in a rage, wrote: "quacks misuse, and often so". Feudal emperor, with supreme authority, such a batch, how do doctors withstand. Another example is the Guangxu emperor died a year or two before, because of the complexity of the disease, the doctor is difficult to cure, and Guangxu himself and complained about the sky, he was in the book of the "original disease", there have been a number of times on the diagnosis of the doctor, venting dissatisfaction. Guangxu thirty-four years (1908) May 26, said: "recently ear ringing for blocking, repeatedly easy prescription drugs, is still aggravating. Soreness in the waist and hips, nor slightly lighter. +6540 It is always the case that the medicine is not right!" "The treatment of this disease must first be clear about the cause of the disease, according to the successive symptoms, can be treated without error, can not be hastily cubed!" July 17th (August 13th) said: "taking medicine is not only no effect and turn increase, the real system of medicine and disease are not in line with the two, so it is a mistake!" To August, the original symptoms not only did not improve, and waist and hip pain, ear blockage, abdominal pain and other diseases more line aggravation, Guangxu was furious, the doctor severely reprimanded: "the drugs used are not only ineffective, but also increased the chances, it seems that the medicine and the disease is not always in line. Every time you look at the pulse, suddenly a moment, how can the condition in detail, but perfunctory only. So famous doctor, why so rash "" famous doctor trick, only so, can also sigh!" At that time Guangxu due to the failure of the Hundred Days Reform, although imprisoned by Empress Dowager Cixi, but in name he is still the emperor, doctors for its treatment is not dare to sloppy, ineffective medication, because the patient cream blind, has been non-manpower, how to complain about the doctor, but Guangxu is determined to be the treatment of improperly caused by the doctors have to bow down and admit their faults, listen to the emperor's insults. The emperor is sick, regardless of the reason, medical failure and death, the so-called "dragon on the guest", are to give the doctor to discipline. After the death of Guangxu Emperor, the Imperial Hospital hospital hospital, Zhang Zhongyuan, the Imperial Doctor Quanshun, doctor Zhongxun, etc., are "failed to try to protect, the blame is very heavy" and other charges, by "immediate dismissal, with the crime of when the business" and other routine punishment. The monarch of the dictatorship of the society, there is reason is also can not be said.
(3) As for those who are due to certain opportunities, into the agent was effective, honored by the heavenly favor of the doctor, its situation is not entirely satisfactory. Empress Dowager Cixi Xue Fuchen is an example. Xue Fuchen word Fu Ping, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Proficient in medicine, famous in the north and south. Cixi sick, called into the capital. After careful treatment, the effect is quite good. After Cixi recovered, wrote his own "career repair Ming" four-word plaque, reward Xue Fuchen. Medical success, should be "honor" to return, but "the old Buddha" is not allowed to instantly out of the capital, because in the "West Sage (Cixi) new chiropractic all healed" [4], but also must be "old illnesses a spasm, before allowing to report peace", which is called "please peace pulse", so still have to be in Beijing 躭 shelved. Unexpectedly in Xue's treatment for Cixi during his hometown, epidemic, family members are sick, his second daughter even died, Xue Fuchen's brother to Shen letter had lamented: "Fu brother (Xue's) to return to the heavenly hand, and family members are not immune to the disease, the so-called carpenters lack of a bed and feet can not be taken care of by themselves is not yes. It can be imagined that Xue Fuchen was in a state of grief and anguish, it must be difficult to tell. Xue Fuchen in the acceptance of Cixi after the Enlai, do not feel fortunate, but worried, sleep and eat uneasily. His brother for his fear, said in his letter: "I learned of the recent situation of brother Fu, medical matters recently a little smooth, poor skills, gradually from the bow [retreat]. Also said: "This matter is a huge burden, do not know when it can be!" Xue Fuchen himself also felt the dilemma, said in a letter to a friend. Medical affairs, "a thousand twists and turns", "I this time, the thing, is to exhaust the incompetent, fortunate to avoid great violence, but it will be a doctor and the world's most famous doctors offended carry on" [5]. These words, are Xue Fuchen at that time the kind of fear and trembling, the mood is extremely contradictory true exposure.
The cloud "with the king as a tiger", in the empress dowager, the emperor's side of the doctor, and not so. Xue Fuchen such an encounter is clear evidence. As for the feudal dynasty hospital in the mutual jealousy, each other exclusion, up and down, party camping and other darkness, it is more difficult to describe. Of course, the Qing dynasty doctors, most of them are proficient in medical science, experienced, unique medical practitioners, had for the motherland medical treasure trove added luster, it is in the elimination of dan shi, treatment of balanced, living prescription, good to make the cited medicine and other aspects of the Department of a certain contribution to these achievements can not be denied.
Today when we stand in front of the original Beijing hospital site, explore the history of the time, can not for the founding of new China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party's socialist motherland's growing strength, as well as the vigorous development of medical and health care, heartfelt joy and pride it!