Description of the problem:
I used to shave my teeth with a pencil when I was a child, what would be the sequelae
Ans:
The clinical features are severe abdominal colic, anemia, toxic liver disease, toxic nephropathy, and multiple peripheral neuropathies. Performance of dizziness and general weakness, muscle and joint pain, inability to eat, constipation or diarrhea, liver enlargement, hepatic pressure, gangrene, elevated blood pressure laboratory examination: in addition to the obvious elevation of the indicators of lead toxicity, bilirubin increased, ALT increased; urine can be seen in the red blood cells, leukocytes, uroporphyrinogen positive; hemoglobin and erythrocytes are decreased. Neurological examination, can be found at the end of the limbs in the glove sock type hyperalgesia, muscle atrophy and muscle weakness. In severe cases, lead paralysis occurs, i.e. pendulous wrist, pendulous foot syndrome; lead toxic encephalopathy, severe headache, convulsions, delirium, convulsions, rigidity and even coma. Individual patients can occur paralytic intestinal obstruction
Generally speaking, after the treatment of lead expulsion, it can be quickly recovered, in addition to lead poisoning encephalopathy, there are few sequelae, and the prognosis is good.
Chronic poisoning
Occupational lead poisoning is mostly a chronic poisoning, and clinically there are comprehensive symptoms in the nervous, digestive and blood systems.
Nervous system:The main manifestations are neurasthenia, polyneuropathy and encephalopathy.
Neurasthenia is one of the early and more common symptoms of lead poisoning, which is characterized by dizziness, headache, generalized weakness, memory loss, sleep disorders, and dreaming, etc., among which dizziness and generalized weakness are the most obvious, but they are generally mild and are functional symptoms. There are still a lot of early lead poisoning, the above symptoms are not obvious.
Polyneuropathy can be categorized into sensory, motor and mixed types. Sensory manifestations of numbness of the extremities and the ends of the limbs in the glove sock type sensory impairment. Motor type manifestations are:1, muscle weakness, first of all, grip strength loss, appeared earlier, but also more common. Further development of muscle weakness, mostly extensor weakness.2, muscle paralysis, also known as lead paralysis, mostly in the radial nerve innervation of the fingers and wrist extensor muscles are wrist ptosis, also known as carpal tunnel; peroneal muscle, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum joints are foot ptosis, also known as ptosis.
Encephalopathy, the most serious lead poisoning. It is characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, high fever, irritability, convulsions, drowsiness, mental disorders, coma and other symptoms, similar to epileptic seizures, meningitis, cerebral edema, psychosis, or localized brain damage and other syndromes. Domestic due to improved labor conditions, less frequent, but the incidence of children abroad is very high.
Digestive system:Mild manifestations of general gastrointestinal symptoms, severe abdominal colic.
Digestive symptoms include a metallic taste in the mouth, loss of appetite, epigastric distension, discomfort, abdominal pain and constipation, dry stools in the form of abaca beads, and persistent constipation as a precursor before the onset of lead colic. Abdominal colic for sudden onset, mostly in the umbilical periphery, is a persistent pain paroxysmal aggravation, each attack since a few minutes to a few hours. The pain is so severe and intolerable that the patient often bends his knees, tosses and turns, and presses his hands on the abdomen to relieve the pain. At the same time, the color of the face is pale, the whole body has cold sweat, and there may be vomiting. On examination, the abdomen is flat and soft, there may be mild pressure pain, no fixed pressure points, bowel sounds are reduced, often accompanied by a temporary increase in blood pressure and fundic arterial spasm.
Blood system: mainly lead interferes with the process of hemoglobin synthesis and causes changes in its metabolites, such as decreased activity of blood δ-ALAD, increased urinary δ-ALA, increased urinary CP, increased blood FEP, ZPP, etc. Finally, it leads to anemia, which is mostly hypochromic normocytic anemia.
Other systems:Lead damage to the kidneys is mostly seen in acute and subacute lead poisoning or more severe chronic cases, with amino acid proteinuria, erythrocytes, leukocytes and tubular pattern and renal hypoplasia, suggesting toxic nephropathy, accompanied by hypertension. Female workers are more sensitive to lead, especially during pregnancy and lactation, which can cause infertility, miscarriage, preterm labor, stillbirth and infant lead poisoning. Male workers can cause *** decrease in number, reduced activity and morphological changes. In addition, it can also cause hypothyroidism.
Pencils are made of graphite, not lead. Don't worry.