I. Standard precautions
1. Hand washing: when contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions may be contaminated after taking off gloves, wash your hands or use a quick hand sanitizer to wash your hands.
2, gloves: when in contact with blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions and broken skin mucous membranes should wear gloves; gloves can prevent the possibility of transferring the flora on the hands of medical personnel to patients; gloves can prevent the medical staff to become infectious microorganisms when the medium, that is, to prevent the medical staff will be contaminated from the patient or the environment in the spread of pathogens in the crowd. Always change gloves between patients; gloves are not a substitute for hand washing.
3, masks, goggles and masks: wearing masks and goggles can also reduce the patient's body fluids, blood, secretions and other liquids of infectious substances splashed into the eyes of the health care workers, the oral cavity and nasal mucosa.
4, isolation clothing: wear isolation clothing to prevent contamination by infectious blood, secretions, exudate, splash water and a large number of infectious materials only when used. Wash your hands immediately after removing the isolation garment to avoid contamination of other patients and the environment.
5. Disposal of contaminated instruments and medical equipment. Reusable medical supplies and medical equipment should be disinfected or sterilized as needed and in a timely manner when used for the next patient.
6. When the need for resuscitation arises in the first-aid place, simple airbags are used instead of mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration
7. Medical waste is disposed of harmlessly in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Medical waste is strictly categorized, and sharps are put into sharps boxes for disposal to prevent needlestick injuries.
8. Disinfection and sterilization of the environment and object surfaces. The hospital environment and object surfaces are cleaned regularly and disinfected at any time when pollution is encountered.
Two, the basic characteristics of the standard prevention
1, the isolation of the material:The standard prevention of isolation of the material not only includes the patient's blood, all body fluids, but also includes the patient's secretions and excreta, etc.. Both to prevent the spread of blood-borne diseases, but also to prevent the spread of non-blood-borne diseases;
2, the object of prevention: emphasize two-way protection, both to prevent the disease from the patient to the medical staff, but also to prevent the disease from the medical staff to the patient;
3, isolation of the method: according to the main means of transmission of the disease, to take the appropriate isolation measures, including contact isolation, air isolation and particulate isolation.
Expanded:
I. Three major isolation systems
Implementation of contact isolation, airborne isolation, and droplet isolation on top of standard precautionary base measures.
Because of the standard precautions in the basic precautions can not prevent infectious diseases transmitted by air, droplet and contact routes. Therefore, some l clinically infectious diseases or epidemiologically significant drug-resistant bacterial infections need to take appropriate isolation measures according to the transmission route of the disease after waiting for diagnosis or confirmed diagnosis.
Second, contact isolation
Contact transmission is the main and common way of transmission of hospital infections, generally including direct transmission and indirect transmission.
Prevention of diseases transmitted through direct or indirect contact, such as multi-drug resistant bacteria, Shigella dysentery bacillus, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus infections, as well as parainfluenza virus, enterovirus infections in infants.
Three, contact isolation precautions
1, preventive measures in addition to the implementation of standard precautions, specific measures include:
2, isolation room;
3, hand washing and gloves;
4, isolation gowns;
5, restrictions on the patient to leave the isolation room. When a patient must be transferred, both the patient and the transporter should be protected to prevent infection and spread;
6. Equipment: Used reusable equipment should be ensured that it is cleaned and properly disinfected and sterilized before it is used by the next patient.
7. Proper disposal of medical waste;
8. Use of isolation signs, etc.
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