Thesis Abstract: The first part of this paper focuses on the status quo of China's and the international medical device industry, and through the calculation of the competitive advantage index, it is concluded that China's medical device industry in general does not occupy an advantage in the international competition, especially high-end products account for a significant disadvantage. The second part puts forward five major development countermeasures for the current situation and problems of the medical device industry. With the improvement of people's living standard and the requirement of medical service, medical device industry is getting more and more attention from the world. After decades of development, China's medical device industry has taken shape. As an emerging market of medical device industry, China has great potential and rapid development, which attracts the eyeballs of the global medical device industry and competes to enter the Chinese market first. At the same time, local enterprises are small in scale, weak in technology, lack of development momentum, and have problems such as low domestic market share and weak international competitiveness. When participating in international competition, Chinese medical device enterprises should establish national brands, build core competitiveness, strengthen independent research and development capabilities, improve product structure, etc., in order to grasp the initiative in the competition and sustainable development.
I, China and the international medical equipment industry status
In recent years, the total amount of medical equipment imports and exports have maintained a sustained growth trend, but the overall are showing a large deficit, and the trade deficit is a wave-shaped growth trend.
The trade mode of medical equipment industry, imports are mainly in the form of general trade, and exports are dominated by processing trade, the output is simple processing products, lack of high value-added high-end products. Therefore, at present, China's medical equipment export products in general belong to the status quo of low technology content and small value-added.
We analyze the current situation of medical equipment industry from the competitive advantage index. Competitive advantage index is the ratio of net exports and total foreign trade, can reflect relative to the world market by other countries supply a product, domestic production of the same product is in the efficiency of the competitive advantage or disadvantage and the degree of disadvantage. Its calculation formula is RNXij = (Xij-Mij) / (Xij + Mij) (where, RNXij - - competitive advantage index; Xij - i country j commodity exports; Mij - - i country j commodity imports). - (imports of commodity j in country i).
China's medical equipment trade competitive advantage index from 2001 to 2005 are negative, between (-1, 0), indicating that China's medical equipment in the international market competitiveness is weak in the international market competitiveness of the international market below the average level of competitiveness of medical equipment imports have a larger market share. But in 2005, the trade competition index rose to -0.117, close to 0.
Looking at another indicator - international market share (MS). This indicator reflects the share or degree of international market share of products exported by a country or region. The size of an industry's international competitiveness will ultimately be expressed in the share of the industry's products in the international market. Its calculation formula is MSij = Xij/Xwj (where MSij represents the international market share of product j in country i, Xij represents the total exports of product j in country i, and Xwj represents the total exports of product j in the world).
The higher the value of MSij, the stronger the international competitiveness of the industry in which the product is located; and vice versa. China's medical device products currently have a very low share of the international market, not more than 5%, thus indicating that the international competitiveness of China's medical device products is very weak. And from the international point of view, the global high-end medical device market is basically dominated by the products of American and German companies, followed by Japan, and other European countries only have certain advantages in some specialized projects. In the global medical equipment market sales, the United States accounted for more than 40%, Europe accounted for about 30%, Japan accounted for 15% - 18%, while China accounted for only 2%. The competitiveness of domestic medical device manufacturers has always been a concern.
The weak competitiveness of domestic medical equipment enterprises is mainly attributed to the "six problems": First, the phenomenon of low-level duplication of construction is serious; Second, the industrial structure and product variety structure is unreasonable; Third, China's medical equipment market, the local enterprises accounted for a low share of the market; Fourth, the import and export imbalance, a small share of the world market; Fifth, there are not many products with independent brands to meet the market demand, and China has only 2%. brand suitable for the market demand for not many products, brand awareness is not high, intangible assets created by the weak competitive ability of enterprises. Sixth, is the technical level is not high, product quality is not high, backward technology level.
Two, the development of China's international medical device industry countermeasures
First, stand firm - - clear enterprise core competitiveness. China's medical equipment companies want to compete in the domestic and foreign markets to achieve an advantageous position, first of all, we must be in the full mobilization and use of a variety of resources under the premise, and then cultivate and strengthen the core competitiveness of the enterprise, and only in this way can we obtain a long-term stable competitive advantage, not only through the development of self-construction of the core competitiveness of the enterprise but also through the mergers and acquisitions between enterprises to achieve complementary advantages, resource **** enjoy the formation of the core competitiveness of the enterprise. Competitiveness.
Second, the fist product - strengthen the enterprise's research and development capabilities. First of all, to solve the financial bottleneck, increase the capital investment in research and development. Science and technology is the first productive force, technology is the lifeline of the enterprise. Famous multinational companies have their own strong research and development organizations. Domestic medical device manufacturers can only let go of scientific research by solving the capital problem. The second is to realize the combination of independent innovation and imitation innovation. For China's medical equipment enterprises, the first to imitate the main innovation, technology accumulation, digestion, absorption, re-innovation, and constantly enhance their own research and development strength.
Third, establish the brand - improve the level of enterprise marketing. At present, China's medical equipment industry does not have a brand in the international reputation. Therefore, China's medical equipment enterprises must raise the importance of brand strategy, establish brand awareness, product technology, product quality and other internal indicators as a solid foundation and backing, and actively play the role of advertising and marketing, brand design and planning, to create China's centennial brand, rely on the core competitiveness to shape the famous brand, rely on well-known brands to enhance their competitive advantages and intangible assets. Innovative marketing channels, the establishment of a strong sales force and extensive sales network. Specific measures can include:
(1) improve the quality of medical device products, strengthen after-sales service work, enhance user satisfaction;
(2) the implementation of the brand development strategy, create brand-name enterprises, brand-name products;
(3) improve the evaluation and testing of medical devices intermediary organizations;
(4) strengthen the technical supervision of medical devices.
Fourth, optimize the structure - - to enhance the export efficiency of enterprises. In the development of international and domestic markets, to maintain at all times to analyze and forecast market demand, production of marketable products, to protect the needs of medical and health care, in order to achieve maximum economic and social benefits. While continuing to carry out the export of traditional surgical instruments, sanitary materials and small equipment, we should increase the export of equipment-based products, increase the export of high value-added products, increase the export efficiency, and make China's medical devices occupy a certain share in the international market. Thesis Keywords medical equipment Maintenance Inspection Maintenance Management
Thesis Abstract In the current market economy conditions, medical instruments and equipment has become the lifeline of the hospital, hospital modernization is inseparable from the modernization of medical equipment. In addition to the survival and development of hospitals rely on a level of excellent medical team, but also inseparable from the advanced medical equipment. And safeguard the safety of medical equipment, normal operation, reduce costs, so that the medical equipment more effective for clinical diagnostic services, to create the greatest economic benefits, is the purpose of our medical equipment personnel services.
With the development of science and technology, advanced technology continues to be used in medical equipment, medical equipment is often a combination of multidisciplinary technology, the degree of automation and complexity is increasingly high, which gives the medical equipment maintenance and management has put forward higher requirements, equipment maintenance management is also increasingly important. Maintenance management of medical equipment has become an important part of hospital quality assessment. As a medical engineering technicians, combined with several years of work, that how to make medical equipment maintenance and management both in the existing laws and regulations under the operation, but also to maximize the savings of medical equipment maintenance and management costs, is a problem worth exploring.
1 The importance of medical equipment maintenance
With the continuous progress of science and technology, medical equipment in modern diagnostic and treatment activities play an increasingly important role in the number of hospitals and medical equipment at the same time, the high-tech content continues to increase, so that the maintenance of equipment is also increasingly prominent. Medical equipment maintenance quality is directly related to the quality of medical work, sometimes also affects the safety of patients' lives, do a good job of medical equipment maintenance quality assurance and control, diagnosis, treatment work has a great impact, it can be envisioned that if the medical equipment is often bad, the completion rate is very low, unreliable, unreliable, the results of the credibility of the difference in the inability to provide scientific data, will affect the diagnosis, treatment. From this point of view, medical equipment maintenance work is the diagnosis and treatment of technical assurance, must establish their own strong maintenance team.
2 medical equipment maintenance check
Medical equipment inspection, belonging to the preventive maintenance of equipment, is the main form of equipment maintenance.
2.1 Daily inspection
Daily inspection of medical equipment is a regular maintenance work, is the basis of equipment maintenance, can prevent failures and accidents. This work is generally carried out by the user. Detailed routine maintenance, to ensure the normal operation of the instrumentation is essential. Daily maintenance should be done: keep the surface of the instrument clean; before use should check the voltage, power supply or voltage regulator is normal; check the corresponding circuit, light and water circuit is normal, smooth, water should be flushed in a timely manner; the use of attention to the observation of the instrument's function, performance and fill in the use of the record in a timely manner; instrumentation should be shut down in a timely manner to cover the dust cover; instrumentation failures, in addition to making the necessary records, the instrument should be used to prevent malfunctioning and accidents. In addition to making the necessary records, to notify the maintenance personnel in a timely manner, not to disassemble.
2.2 Regular inspection
Regular inspection is the periodic preventive maintenance of medical equipment, the purpose is to examine the accuracy of the equipment, performance, status and repair before the inspection. This is to reduce the loss of equipment, eliminate potential failures, maintain normal work, prolong the service life of the preventive measures. Generally this work should be carried out by maintenance personnel. In order to ensure the normal use of instruments and equipment, should be based on the performance requirements of instruments and equipment, and maintenance personnel together with the instruments and equipment for regular dust and cleaning, and performance testing; regular lubrication of running parts, timely inspection and replacement of wearing parts; check the circuit, optical circuit and the water circuit is normal, smooth; check the large-scale or precision medical equipment, the state of the regulator and the grounding of the condition of the good and so on.
2.3 Medical equipment maintenance work management
Scientific management of medical equipment to improve the integrity of medical equipment has a very important role. Without scientific management organizations and means, it is difficult to do a good job of maintenance, not to mention access to clinical diagnosis and treatment related to human physiological parameters, and from engineering biology and basic medical research on the structure and physiological function of the human body.
2.3.1 Establishment of the necessary maintenance organization
(1) the establishment of a full-time maintenance group. Establishment of the maintenance team, people are the first factor, not only need to understand the technology, but also need to understand the management of people, it has two tasks: one is to undertake the daily repair of medical equipment, the second is responsible for the management of medical equipment.
(2) the establishment of part-time maintenance team. Due to the variety of medical equipment, large number, scattered, if only rely on a small number of full-time staff is difficult to undertake these tasks, so the organization of the use of various departments on the premise of not hindering the original work, join forces. This will enrich the maintenance team, the advantage is the use of their own maintenance team less investment, quick results, improve the utilization rate of equipment. In the market economy, medical equipment maintenance should also do cost-effective accounting, medical equipment and equipment varieties, brands, prompting the hospital must also have a certain ability to repair work, otherwise it will affect the hospital diagnosis and treatment. The author believes that the low and medium-grade, hospitals use a large amount of equipment that can be replaced more than one, hospital leaders should encourage engineering staff to repair or repair with professional maintenance companies to achieve the purpose of learning in practice to improve the maintenance capacity. In particular, the leadership of the border ethnic minority hospitals to pay attention to the training of maintenance technicians, and constantly arrange for maintenance personnel to equipment manufacturers or companies for regular training, or to schools and other off-the-job learning, or on-the-job training, technical exchanges, self-study and other on-the-job learning. Modern engineering and technology development is changing rapidly, its new technologies, new methods are constantly applied to medical equipment, equipment maintenance personnel only to strengthen continuing education, update knowledge, in order to continuously improve the level of maintenance. Hospital leaders should also give the maintenance department sufficient manpower, material support, to create conditions suitable for the development of maintenance personnel and show their talents, to ensure the normal operation of medical equipment and provide organizational security.
2.3.2 Establishment of sound rules and regulations
Medical equipment maintenance management should have a set of practical rules and regulations, maintenance system reform, affecting the normal operation of the maintenance industry and the healthy development of the maintenance industry and the requirements of the user to make the maintenance industry and the user's requirements for the coordinated development of the maintenance of the system must be constructed appropriately.
(1) to increase the industry's legislation and law enforcement efforts to develop a systematic and complete regulations and standards, so that the maintenance work procedures and acceptance, measurement of the law, according to evidence, to accelerate the pace of development to the management of the law.
(2) actively create the external environment for the diversified development of medical equipment repair industry. Increase the merger and reorganization efforts to change the nature of the maintenance business relatively single status quo.
(3) to promote the medical equipment repair industry from the professional separation of resources **** enjoy the direction of development. Modern medical equipment on the maintenance of higher requirements, can only repair a single species of maintenance enterprises will face serious challenges. At the same time, repetitive investment will cause a huge waste of resources, with a small number of maintenance resources, only to realize the resources *** enjoy, complement each other, configure different levels of multi-disciplinary, composite technicians, through the expansion of technology, equipment and personnel to form a technology-intensive industries, in order to adapt to the requirements of development.
At present, most hospitals rely on manufacturers or agents to maintain technical support to independently complete all the equipment maintenance, especially large medical equipment. Currently manufacturers or agents of after-sales service is the main body of the hospital medical equipment maintenance, they occupy the mastery of technology, accessories and special maintenance tools, maintenance experience and other advantages, as long as the hospital is willing to pay money, they can provide efficient and better maintenance services. Hospitals can be contracted to require manufacturers or agents to provide a certain time or range of technical support and accessories, but due to different equipment, different areas depending on the different situations to treat; such as large and high-grade equipment, first aid, treatment to buy manufacturers of warranty services based on the mid-range, hospitals can be replaced by the instrument to the professional maintenance company contracted or scattered repair is the main one.
3 Conclusion
Through several years of maintenance management practice has proved that, in modern hospitals, medical equipment equipment plays a pivotal role, it not only greatly improves the clinical diagnosis and treatment capacity and level, but also have immediate economic benefits, only standardized and perfect medical equipment maintenance management, to achieve the people-oriented, pay attention to the quality of the maintenance staff and maintenance skills training, fully mobilize and stimulate the maintenance staff. Fully mobilize and stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of maintenance personnel, patient-centered, hospital survival and development as their own responsibility, in order to adhere to the social benefits at the same time, the development of their own economic benefits, in the increasingly fierce competition in the market to stand firm.