Tender is the tender is the most important part of the whole tender. The tender is like a script is the soul of the movie, drama. Bidding must express the use of all the wishes of the unit, there can be no omission. Bid is also the bidder bidding to prepare the basis of the tender, the bidder must be a substantial response to the content of the bid, or be judged invalid bid (according to the discarded bid processing). The tender is also the most important basis for bid evaluation.
1. Classification of tender
(1) according to the scope of the tender can be divided into international tenders and domestic tenders.
International tenders require two versions, according to international practice to the English version shall prevail. Considering the foreign language level of our enterprises, the tender often specifically states that when the difference between the English and Chinese versions shall prevail.
(2) According to the subject matter of the tender, it can be divided into three main categories; goods, works and services.
According to the specific subject matter can be further subdivided. For example, the engineering category can be further divided into construction works, decoration works, water conservancy works, road works, chemical works ....... The content of the tender for each specific project varies very much. Goods tender is the same, simple goods such as food, oil; complex goods such as machine tools, computer networks. The difference in tenders is also very large.
2. The four principles of the preparation of tenders
a. the principle of comprehensively reflecting the needs of the use of units;
b. the principle of scientific and reasonable;
c. fair competition (non-discriminatory terms)
d. the principle of maintaining the commercial secrets of the enterprise and the national interest;
The principle of comprehensively reflecting the needs of the use of units:
The principle of comprehensively reflecting the needs of the use of units:
What is the principle of the tender? /p>
We bidding will be faced with the use of units of their own works, projects, the degree of understanding of the goods are very different. Coupled with the complexity of the project, the bidding agency will have to use the unit conditions, the complexity of the project, the organization of the use of units, design, experts to prepare a good tender. To do a comprehensive reflection of the needs of the use of units. I have lessons in this regard. For example (slightly):
Scientific and reasonable principle: the technical requirements of business conditions must be based on adequate and realistic; technical requirements based on the feasibility report, technical and economic analysis to establish that can not blindly raise the standard, improve the accuracy of the equipment, the standard of housing and decoration and so on, otherwise it will bring about waste of functionality, spend more money than necessary
To... ...Give examples (omitted).
Fair competition (without discriminatory terms): the principle of bidding is open, fair and just, only fair and open in order to attract the real sense of interest, competitive bidding vendors to compete, through competition to achieve the purpose of the procurement, in order to truly safeguard the interests of the user units, and to safeguard the interests of the State. As a bidding agency to prepare, validate the tender, validate the tender contains discriminatory provisions is the most important work. As the government bidding management, supervisory departments, supervisory departments, supervisory departments, management and supervision of the bidding process, which is the most important task is also to review the bid whether there are discriminatory provisions,
This is to ensure that the bidding is fair, fair and the key link.
Maintenance of business interests, the principle of government interests: the tender preparation should pay attention to the maintenance of commercial secrets of the use of units, such as we give Lenovo eight computer production lines (in order to protect the secrets of Lenovo computer manufacturing technology and change the drawings), and shall not harm the national interest and public interest, such as noise pollution must meet the standards, in order to maintain national security to the Ministry of Radio and Television to the Ministry of Broadband Network project subcontracting Pay close attention to this issue.
3. Request for Proposal *** have the main content
The main content of the request for proposal can be divided into three major parts: procedural provisions, technical terms, business terms. Contains the following main nine items:
a. Invitation to tender;
b. Instructions to bidders;
c. Technical requirements and annexes to the tender;
d. Format of tender;
e. Bidding documents;
f. Conditions of the contract (the general terms of the contract and the special clauses);
g. Technical standards and specifications;
h. Qualification documents of the bidding enterprises;
i. Form of contract.
Generally both works and goods include the above parts.
Invitation to tender: the bidding organization, a brief introduction to the name of the bidding unit, the name and content of the bidding project, the form of bidding, bidding, bidding, bid opening time and place, the contractor's contact person's name, address and telephone number, etc.. Bid opening time in addition to the previously mentioned to the bidder to leave enough time to prepare the bid to pass the book, international bidding should try to avoid foreign vacations and Christmas, domestic bidding to avoid the Spring Festival and other holidays.
Information for bidders: this part is prepared by the bidding organization, is an important element of the tender. It highlights the basic procedures of this tender. Bidders should follow the provisions and obligations undertaken. The basic content of the tender documents, the number of copies, form, validity and sealing, and other requirements of the tender. Methods and principles of bid evaluation, handling of bidding results, awarding and signing of contracts, and bid security.
The following points must be made here:
a. The number of copies of the tender should be provided according to the size of the subject matter, the number of experts to participate in the evaluation of bids, in order to facilitate the evaluation of bids as a matter of principle.
4-5 copies, 5-15 copies.
b. Bid evaluation methods, goods, services, works are different, the following in the evaluation of bid evaluation methods and then price introduction.
c. Bids are guaranteed to be valid until 28-30 working days after signing.
d. International bidding must be a bid bond, domestic bidding due to the difficulty of opening a bond certificate, and bond certificate of bad reputation, we try to choose the bid bond system.
Tender technical requirements and attachments: the most important content of the tender. Mainly by the use of information provided by the unit, the use of units and bidding organizations *** with the preparation.
The following machine tools as an example of the preparation of technical requirements and attachments should pay attention to matters.
Of course, different projects have different requirements for the preparation of tenders, but we do not deal with the differences here, only to talk about **** the same point. Equipment technical requirements and accessories include the main content: equipment specifications, technical parameters, quality and performance indicators, control and automation, process, inspection and acceptance methods and standards, including raw materials, spare parts, tools, packaging specific requirements, as well as safety, environmental protection, energy saving, labor protection and other aspects of the requirements. Annexes usually include typical parts processing drawings and so on.
The machine tool as an example of technical requirements and the preparation of annexes.
The tender can be roughly divided into 11 items. Brief description of the contents of the 11 items.
A. Tender number: to facilitate project management, by the bidding company number.
B. Equipment name: pay attention to accurate, in line with international and industry norms.
C. Quantity: the unit is clear, to prevent misunderstanding, the number of accurate.
D. Delivery date: require a reasonable manufacturing period, to avoid unreasonable schedule, the exclusion of potential bidders. General machine tools 3-6 months, large machine tools 8-10 months or longer.
E. Equipment use and technical requirements:
This part of the content of the main four aspects:
The first aspect of the basic requirements for machine tools. Basic requirements mainly describe the use of equipment, equipment processing objects, such as the need to attach drawings, as an annex attached. In order to maintain the commercial secrets of enterprises can be based on the processing technology and precision requirements of another design bidding with processing drawings. This part is the focus, is the core of the technical part, to describe in detail the production outline, the material of the processed product, weight, external dimensions and various functional requirements of the equipment. Basic requirements should also describe the processing beat, production unit working time, energy consumption. Basic requirements should also explain the noise, three wastes, environmental protection, labor insurance requirements.
The second aspect of the technical requirements and main parameters. According to the needs of the processed parts of the main parameters, the main parameters of the best proposed range, the data as much as possible to cover the corresponding model of the factory data. Such as: maximum turning radius ≥? A certain value of spindle power ≤ KW
The third aspect of the mechanical structure. Put forward the principle of requiring each bidding factory exhaustive description of the machine structure, materials, etc., to facilitate the stability of the machine tool, life, precision retention and other comparisons.
The fourth aspect of the electrical and control. This part is often encountered power supply problems, China's power supply and Europe and the United States there is a gap between the quality of power supply across our country, a large gap, put forward a reasonable power supply conditions. Electrical components, motor requirements, such as the use of AC servo motor. Control system: the international use of more FANUC system Siemens system, NUM system, the major machine tool factory special system. The tender should be selected for the control system provides a more lenient range. Control system functions that is, how many software functions, should be based on the need for reasonable tips to prevent price problems in the contract. Higher level of control machine tool tips are as follows.
F accessories and spare parts: this part of the preliminary work is often ignored to consider, but accessories, spare parts are sometimes of high value, such as tool calibrators, spare chucks and so on. Accessories and spare parts within the warranty period should be included in the total price. Spare parts outside the warranty period are recommended to suppliers to provide a list of recommended spare parts and itemized quotes for trade-offs.
G Technical Documents: Write down the types of technical documents required, the number of copies and types of documents. Requirements for a variety of certificates of conformity requirements for a variety of precision inspection certificates and performance test records.
H Training and technical services
a) Installation and commissioning requirements
b) Personnel training requirements
I Acceptance methods and standards: the use of internationally accepted standards, or our country's recognition of foreign standards, European standards and so on. In addition should not be excluded to meet the requirements of other standards.J Quotation and guaranteed price method: the tender must require itemized quotations, so as to facilitate the evaluation of bids and contracting. Quotation method is generally used FOB, CIF two kinds of, both ways risk transfer are offshore port ship's side. Place of delivery is the time and place of risk transfer.
K packaging, transportation requirements are very important, related to whether the goods can be on time and without damage to the hands of the use of units.
Tender format: this part is prepared by the bidding company, the tender format is a standardized requirement for tender documents. It includes a bidding letter signed by an authorized representative of the bidding party, stating the specific contents of the bid and the total offer, and commitment to comply with the bidding procedures and the various responsibilities and obligations, and to confirm the validity of the bidding period in the provisions of the bidding period, the bidding period of the binding nature of the bid. Also includes an outline of the contents of the technical program and the format of the bid price list, we are currently striving to achieve the performance of the table in the tender sold together with the bidder, so that the bidder of all the bidder's documents for the comparison of the same caliber.
Tender guarantee documents: is a valid bid must check the documents. Guarantee documents generally use three forms: check, bid bond and bank guarantee. Project amount of less can be used by check and bid bond, generally specified 2%. Bid bond validity period should be longer than the bid validity period, and performance bonds. Bid bond issued by the bank, is the use of bank credit bidding. Enterprise reputation and bank reputation is a necessary condition for enterprises to enter the international big market. If the bidder abandons the bid or refuses to sign the contract within the validity period of the bid, the bidding company has the right to confiscate the bond to make up for the loss suffered in the bidding process.
Contract conditions: this is also an important element of the tender. Later on when talking about the contract part. This part of the content is the legal basis of the economic relations between the two sides, so the bidding party are very important. International bidding should be in line with international practice, but also in line with domestic law. Due to the special requirements of the project need to provide additional contract terms, such as payment methods, after-sales service, quality assurance, the main insurance costs and other special requirements, in the technical part of the tender specifically listed. However, these terms should not be too harsh, not to mention (and actually can not be done) to transfer all the risks to the winning bidder.
Design specifications: some equipment needs, such as communication systems, power transmission equipment, is to ensure the quality of the equipment is an important document, should be included in the bidding annex. Technical specifications should be construction process, project quality, inspection standards to make a more detailed guarantee, but also to avoid disputes on the premise. Technical specifications include: general outline, project profile, phasing of the project on materials, equipment and construction technology, quality requirements, if necessary, to write a clear sub and quantity calculation rules.
Bidding enterprise qualification documents: this part of the requirements put forward by the bidding organization. Requirements for the provision of enterprise production of the product license, and other qualification documents, such as ISO9001, ISO9002 certificate. Another requirement to provide performance.