A, oxygen atomization inhalation method
Oxygen atomization inhalation method is to use high-speed oxygen airflow to make the liquid medicine form fog, and then inhale through the respiratory tract to achieve the purpose of treatment.
(1) principle and structure
Atomized inhaler is a special kind of glassware. It has five nozzles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and the liquid medicine is injected into the spherical device. The nozzle 3 is filled with oxygen, and the airflow rushes from the nozzle 3 to the nozzle 4, which has no spraying effect. However, when the nozzle 4 is blocked with the middle finger, the airflow is forced to rush out from the nozzle 1, and the air density near the nozzle 2 suddenly decreases to form a negative pressure, and the liquid medicine in the ball passes through the conduit 4.
(ii) Purpose
1. Treat respiratory tract infection and eliminate inflammation and edema.
2. spasmolysis.
3. Dilute the expectorant solution to help eliminate phlegm.
(iii) usefulness
Atomizing inhaler, 1 set of oxygen inhaler (without thermos) or 1 set of compressed air machine.
(4) Commonly used drugs and their functions
1. Antibiotics such as kanamycin and gentamicin.
2. Spasmodic drugs, such as aminophylline and salbutamol.
3. Dilute expectorant solution is helpful for expectoration, such as α-chymotrypsin and Yikejing.
4. Reduce edema, such as dexamethasone.
(5) Operation method
1. Extract the liquid medicine according to the doctor's advice, dilute or dissolve it with distilled water within 5ml, and inject it into the atomizer.
2. If you can get up, you can do it in the treatment room. If you can't get out of bed, take things to the bed, check them, explain to the patient and try to cooperate. For the first time, you should teach patients how to use them.
3. Ask the patient to rinse his mouth, take a comfortable position, connect the "1" end of the sprayer with the oxygen bottle hose, remove the humidifying bottle, and then adjust the oxygen flow rate to 6- 10L/min before use.
4. The patient holds the atomizer, puts the air jet tube "5" in the mouth, tightly closes his lips, presses the air outlet "2" with his fingers when inhaling, and inhales deeply at the same time, so that the liquid medicine can fully reach the bronchi and lungs. It is best to hold your breath for 1-2 seconds after inhaling, and move your fingers out of the air outlet when exhaling to prevent the loss of liquid medicine. If the patient feels tired, he can relax his fingers and take a rest before inhaling until the liquid medicine is ejected. Generally, 5ml liquid medicine can be atomized in10-15min.
5. After inhalation, remove the atomizer, close the oxygen cylinder, clean the material, soak the atomizer in disinfectant for 30 minutes, then clean, dry, and put the material back in place for later use.
6. In the process of oxygen atomization inhalation, be careful not to touch fireworks and flammable items.
Second, the ultrasonic atomization inhalation method
Ultrasonic atomizer uses ultrasonic sound to turn liquid medicine into fine aerosol, and now it is inhaled through respiratory tract to achieve the purpose of treatment. It is characterized by adjustable fog amount, small and uniform droplets (diameter below 5μm), and the liquid medicine is inhaled into the terminal bronchi and alveoli in a deep and slow way. Because the electronic part of the atomizer can generate heat, it can heat the atomized liquid, so that patients can inhale warm and comfortable aerosol.
(A) the structure of ultrasonic atomizer
1. The ultrasonic generator outputs high-frequency electric energy after being electrified. The control regulator on the atomizer panel is provided with a power switch, an atomizing switch and a fog amount adjusting knob.
The sink is filled with distilled water. There is a crystal transducer below the sink, which receives the frequency electric energy from the generator and converts it into ultrasonic sound energy.
3. The atomizing tank (cup) is filled with liquid medicine. The semitransparent film at the bottom of the atomizing tank is a sound-transmitting film. When acoustic energy passes through this membrane and interacts with the liquid medicine in the tank, droplets are ejected.
4. Threaded pipe and mouth with mouth (or mask).
(ii) Principles
When the ultrasonic generator outputs high-frequency electric energy, the crystal transducer at the bottom of the water tank generates ultrasonic acoustic energy, which vibrates the sound-permeable membrane at the bottom of the atomization box and acts on the liquid in the atomization box, destroying the surface tension and inertia of the liquid medicine, so that the liquid medicine becomes fine droplets and is inhaled into the respiratory tract with the patient through the catheter.
(iii) Purpose
1. Anti-inflammatory, antitussive and expectorant.
2. Relieve bronchospasm, make airway unobstructed and improve ventilation function.
3. Before and after chest surgery, prevent respiratory tract infection.
4. cooperate with artificial respiration to humidify the respiratory tract or intermittently atomize and inhale drugs.
5. Treating lung cancer with anticancer drugs.
(4) Materials used
The treatment vehicle is equipped with 1 set of ultrasonic atomizer, liquid medicine, cold distilled water and water temperature meter. Commonly used drugs are atomized and inhaled with oxygen.
(5) Operation method
1. Add 250ml of cold distilled water to the water tank, and the liquid level is about 3cm, so that the sound permeable membrane is immersed in the bottom of the atomizing tank.
2. Put the liquid medicine into the atomizing tank, dilute it to 30-50ml, tighten the tank cover, put the atomizing tank into the water tank, and tighten the tank cover.
3. Get everything ready and bring it to the bedside, check it and explain it to the patient to get cooperation.
4. Turn on the power supply. First, turn on the power switch, the red indicator lights up, preheat for 3 minutes, then turn on the atomization switch, and the white indicator lights up. At this point, the liquid medicine is sprayed out in mist.
5. Adjust the fog amount as needed (the switch is rotated from left to right, divided into three gears, with the fog amount of 3ml per minute for the big gear, 2ml per minute for the middle gear and 1ml for the small gear), and generally use the middle gear.
6. When the patient inhales, cover the mask on the nose and mouth and open it when exhaling; Or put "mouth-to-mouth" into the patient's mouth and ask him to close his lips and take a deep breath.
7. In use, if it is found that the water temperature in the sink exceeds 60℃, cold distilled water can be replaced, and the machine should be turned off when changing water.
8. If it is found that there is too little liquid in the atomization tank, which affects the normal atomization, the dosage should be continuously increased, but it is not necessary to turn off the machine, as long as it is injected inward from the small hole on the cover. Generally, each use time is 15-20 minutes. After treatment, turn off the atomization switch first, and then turn off the power switch, otherwise the electron tube will be easily damaged. Pack up, empty the water in the sink and dry it.
(6) Precautions
1. Before use, check whether all parts of the machine are loose or fall off. The number of machines and atomizing tanks should be the same.
2. The crystal transducer at the bottom of the sink and the sound-transmitting membrane at the bottom of the atomizing tank are relatively thin, brittle and easy to break, so press gently, not too hard.
3. Do not add warm water or hot water to the sink and atomizing tank.
4. Special circumstances require continuous use, with an interval of 30 minutes.
5. After each use, soak the atomizing tank and mouth-to-mouth in disinfectant for 60 minutes.