Description of the problem:
Introduction to the North Mausoleum in Shenyang
Ans:
The North Mausoleum, the original name of the "zhaoling", is located in the north of the city of Shenyang is about ten miles, so it is called the "North Mausoleum". "North Mausoleum". Here buried the second generation of the founding monarch of the Qing dynasty, Emperor Huang taiji and Empress Xiaoduanwen. Mausoleum area of ancient pines in the sky, the lake is rippling, gold tile and red wall, colorful and dazzling. Fully show the majestic momentum of this feudal royal mausoleum. "Feng Shui" unique solemn, solemn list and mysterious, wandering in the middle of it, people are relaxed and happy, forget to go back and forth, stirring up the ancient feelings.
Showa Mausoleum was built in the Qing Dynasty Chongde eight years (1643), to the Shunzhi eight years (1651) initial completion. Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties have made a number of additions and remodeling. It can be said. It is an accumulation of architectural complex. It maintains some of the early Qing dynasty Guanwai architectural features, more in accordance with the Chinese dynasty mausoleum system is modified. So it has many similarities with the Ming and Qing imperial tombs.
Showa mausoleum mausoleum area range, thirty years Shenyang municipal office announced the results of measurement: North and South 5.1 miles, East and West for 2.6 miles, a total area of 12.4 square miles.
The mausoleum area is surrounded by red, white, green three kinds of color *** stakes, in front of which there are also blocking the wood (also known as the "refusal of wood") four hundred and forty-two racks. The mausoleum area is long and narrow in the north and south, and narrow in the east and west. The southernmost part of the mausoleum area is the lower horse monument, north of which are the Chinese table and stone lions. To the north of the stone lion, there is a sacred bridge and a well. To the north of the sacred bridge is the stone pagoda. East and west of the stone memorial hall each side of a small courtyard. The east courtyard is a dressing pavilion and a quiet room. Changing Pavilion is where the Emperor changed his clothes and took a rest during the rituals. The quiet room was the imperial toilet. The West Courtyard is the Pavilion of Saving Sacrifice and Zhuanzhuang Room. Saving Sacrifice Pavilion is the place for slaughtering livestock and poultry during the rituals, and Zhuanzhuang is the place for making sacrifices. The north of the stone tablet is the main door of the mausoleum ---- big red door, this door is surrounded by the red wall around the mausoleum area. Big red door inside a north-south straight "God Road", God Road from south to north on both sides of a pair of columns, a pair of stone lions, a pair of stone Xiezhi, a pair of stone unicorns - a pair of stone horses, a pair of stone camels, a pair of stone elephants. These stone beasts are collectively known as "Shi Xiang Sheng". Further north, in the middle of the Shendao there is a sacred merit and virtue Pavilion. Stele Pavilion on both sides of the "Chaofang". Tablet Pavilion in the north foot square city, square city gate is said to be "Longen Gate", the gate on the building, square city is in the center of the Longen Hall, on both sides of the supporting hall and supporting building. Longen Hall after two columns and stone altar, and then after the coupon door, coupon door at the top of the Daming building, step into the coupon door is the crescent city, the crescent city front with a glazed shadow wall, on both sides of the "stone step". After the crescent city is the treasure city, treasure top, treasure within the top of the tomb for the "heart" - the dungeon. After the Boseong is the artificially piled up mausoleum mountain - "Longye Mountain". Another in the mausoleum on the west side, and the top of the remote opposite there is a group of buildings called "Yi Jing Da Guifei, Kang Huishu Fei garden bedding", is buried Taizong consort of the graveyard. Zhaoling mausoleum architectural layout strictly follow the "central axis" and "before and after the bed" and other mausoleum regulations. The main building of the mausoleum are built on the north-south axis, other ancillary buildings are arranged in a balanced manner on both sides of it. The main idea of this design is to reflect the supremacy of the imperial power, at the same time, to achieve the complex stability, balance and unity and other aesthetic effects. The "former dynasty after the bed" is out of "things like death, things like life, things like death, things like the survival of" the need to use the emperor's palace is according to the "former dynasty after the bed" built. According to the traditional concept of the ancients. After the death of the emperor should also be the same as before the same period of "Dynasty", there are still eating and living in the "bedchamber".
Showa mausoleum management has two major Yamen. One is called the general management Yamen, one is called Guanfeng Yamen, tube Yamen is mainly responsible for the defense of the mausoleum area, Guanfeng Yamen is responsible for worship and general repair of the mausoleum building.
After the Qing Dynasty, although the mausoleum is still guarded by the three ministers responsible for the management of the mausoleum, but due to years of war, the treasury can not make ends meet, the mausoleum is unable to do major repairs to the mausoleum to the mausoleum building is dilapidated and withered. At that time, there is a literati wrote such a "tour north mausoleum" poem: "involved in zhaoling mausoleum household and the court, brilliant dazzle has not been. Berry moss full of paths unattended, willow mountain is still clear". The real face of Zhaoling at that time was written. From the thirties onwards, Fengtian provincial authorities will open up the mausoleum for the north mausoleum park, and set up supervisors and administrators for the actual management. Zhaoling is an important scenic spot in Shenyang since ancient times, the Qing dynasty "with the capital (Shenyang) eight scenic spots" in the "North Mausoleum (Zhaoling) red leaves". Jin Liang in the "Fengtian monuments," said: "North mausoleum more maple willow, west wind yellow leaves red full of autumn forest, so the name of the North mausoleum red leaves."
After the liberation of Shenyang, Zhaoling and many other historical relics and monuments by the state as much attention and protection, and was included in the Liaoning Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Units. 1982, the State Council announced that it is a national key cultural relics protection units, and one after another set aside special funds for its comprehensive repair. Now, this once dilapidated ancient mausoleum has regained its former glory. At the same time, the garden management department in order to make full use of the unique natural environment here, expanding the artificial lake, additional pavilions and pavilions, planting a variety of flowers and plants in the woods, set up a variety of amusement and sports, cultural and entertainment venues, these initiatives to the ancient mausoleum injected a modern flavor of life, so that it has become a famous domestic and foreign scenic spots and tourist attractions, each year to receive visitors from home and abroad nearly a million, and has become the world's national People around the world to understand China, understand the window of Shenyang.