1, fermentation method
Fermented sugar raw materials (such as molasses, sulfurous acid waste liquid, etc.). ) and starch raw materials (such as sweet potato, corn, sorghum, etc.). );
Fermentation to produce ethanol was developed on the basis of wine making, and it was the only industrial method to produce ethanol for a long period of time.
The raw material of fermentation method can be agricultural products containing starch, such as cereals, potatoes or fruits of wild plants. You can also use waste molasses from sugar factories; Or use sawdust containing cellulose, plant straw, etc. After a certain pretreatment, these substances can be hydrolyzed (using waste honey as raw material without this step) to produce ethanol by fermentation.
The mass fraction of fermentation broth is about 6%~ 10%, and it contains some other organic impurities. After rectification, 95% industrial ethanol can be obtained. ?
2, ethylene hydration method
Ethylene is directly or indirectly hydrated. ?
Direct hydration of ethylene refers to the direct reaction of ethylene with water to produce ethanol under the conditions of heating, pressure and catalyst.
(The catalyst is a catalyst, and the pressure is boosted)
The raw material ethylene in this method can be taken from petroleum pyrolysis gas in large quantities, with low cost and large output, which can save a lot of grain, so it develops rapidly.
Extended data:
Storage method of ethanol:
Screw-capped glass bottles, iron-capped glass bottles, plastic bottles or ordinary wooden cases outside metal barrels (cans); Threaded glass bottles, plastic bottles or tin-plated steel drums (cans) are equipped with bottom plate boxes, fiberboard boxes or plywood boxes.
Small opening steel drum; Small opening aluminum bucket; Threaded glass bottles, iron-capped glass bottles, plastic bottles or wooden cases outside metal barrels (cans).
Packaging category: O53；; second kind
Packing mark: flammable; 7?
Ethanol transportation method
Railway transportation should be carried out in strict accordance with the dangerous goods loading table in the Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods of the Ministry of Railways. When transporting, it should be shipped separately. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or be damaged. Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire fighting equipment during transportation.
It is strictly prohibited to transport with acids, inflammables, organics, oxidants, spontaneous combustion articles and inflammable articles when wet. When transporting, the speed should not be too fast, and overtaking is not allowed. Transport vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned before and after loading and unloading, and it is forbidden to mix with organic matter. Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Stay away from fire and heat sources.
The storage temperature shall not exceed 30℃ and the relative humidity shall not exceed 80%. The package should be sealed and not in contact with air. Should be stored separately from reducing agent, active metal powder, acid and edible chemicals, and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to control leakage.
Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Stay away from fire and heat sources. The temperature in the warehouse should not exceed 30℃. Avoid direct sunlight. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from oxidant. Lighting, ventilation and other facilities in the warehouse should be explosion-proof, and the switch should be located outside the warehouse. Equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire fighting equipment.
Buckets should not be stacked too large, and there should be wall spacing, top spacing, column spacing and necessary fire inspection walkways. The storage tank shall be provided with fire and explosion-proof technical measures. Outdoor storage tanks should have cooling measures in summer. It is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are easy to generate sparks. Pay attention to the flow rate (no more than 3m/s) when filling, and have a grounding device to prevent electrostatic accumulation.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-ethanol