I. Basic situation and poverty situation
(I) Basic situation
On the basis of investigation and study, Secretary Zhang Maocai of the Municipal Party Committee put forward the requirement of carrying out a large-scale research activity to support poor rural areas in the city. Starting from August 1st, it lasted for 2 days. Organized by the Office of the Leading Group for New Rural Construction of the Municipal Party Committee, seven former municipal leaders led the team, with the participation of more than 2 functional departments directly under the municipal government and 42 departmental cadres, seven research groups went deep into six counties (cities, districts) and some municipal units to conduct research, and 21 people from six counties (cities, districts) also sent to cooperate with the research. The survey took the form of home visits, on-the-spot inspection, consultation with villagers' representatives, and discussion with county, township and village cadres, covering 98 items in seven aspects, including basic situation, leading industries and farmers' income increase, rural infrastructure, rural social undertakings, rural grass-roots organization construction, priority order of solving outstanding problems, and annual plan for solving problems, which basically covered all aspects of economic and social development in poor rural areas. It is believed that the municipal party committee and the municipal government put the outstanding problems of poverty-stricken rural areas in remote mountainous areas on the important agenda, and as a breakthrough in implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Party, they have grasped the weakness of Jincheng's concern for people's livelihood and building a harmonious society, and the weak link of the city's new rural construction.
(II) Poverty
At the end of 27, there were 45 administrative villages in our city with per capita net income of farmers less than 3, yuan. Among them, there are 24 in Zezhou, 38 in Gaoping, 6 in Yangcheng, 244 in Lingchuan and 93 in Qinshui. According to the opinions of counties (cities, districts), 51 villages were actually investigated this time, including 2 in urban areas, 24 in Zezhou, 43 in Gaoping, 74 in Yangcheng, 245 in Lingchuan and 14 in Qinshui.
these 51 villages are located in 46 townships (towns and offices) in the city, accounting for 22.26% of the total administrative villages, 14.31% of the total population (239,27 people) and 17.13% of the total cultivated land (493,88 mu). The per capita net income of farmers in 51 poverty-stricken villages surveyed in 27 was 2453 yuan, accounting for only 55.31% of the same period last year, and the absolute value was 1982 yuan lower. There are 352 villages above 2 yuan and 158 villages below 2 yuan. At the end of 27, the average village-level collective economic income was 3,8 yuan, 23 villages were over 1, yuan, 14 villages were over 5, yuan, 156 villages were over 5, yuan, and 37 villages had no income.
The outstanding problems in these 51 villages are:
1. It is very difficult for farmers to increase their income
Among the 51 villages, there are 399 villages with traditional farming, 17 villages with traditional aquaculture, 1 village with secondary industry and 3 villages with tertiary industry. Farmers' income mainly comes from planting, breeding and going out to work. Although planting is the leading industry in the poor rural areas of our city, it is a traditional farming method with low income; Because of the lack of water and other reasons, the fruit industry has low output, and it is difficult to develop because of the impact of low-priced fruit products from other places. Poor rural areas are relatively rich in natural pasture and woodland resources, and also have breeding traditions. There are certain conditions for developing cattle, sheep and pigs. However, due to the low benefits of traditional household sideline decentralized breeding, small-scale farming is not supported by national industrial policies, and bottlenecks such as transportation, information and general water shortage, it is difficult to develop aquaculture. Although the vast majority of farmers have a positive attitude towards going out to work, 99% of the people who go out have low cultural quality and lack skills. They have not received skills training before going out, and they can only engage in heavy manual labor such as handling, civil decoration, etc., and their wages are very low and extremely unstable.
2. The problem of drinking water for people and livestock has not been completely solved
In recent years, with the strong support of the state and the provincial government, our city has invested heavily in the construction of drinking water relief projects. However, due to the deep mountain ditch, exhausted water sources, scattered residence and other reasons, the problem of "difficulty in drinking water" in poor rural areas has never been completely solved. In terms of drinking water for people and livestock, among the 51 administrative villages surveyed, there are 36 administrative villages that use tap water, among which 164 administrative villages use safe and sanitary water, accounting for 32.2% of the total number of villages surveyed. Up to now, there are 24 villages that have not used tap water, accounting for 4% of the total number of villages surveyed. Among them, there are 75 administrative villages that carry water 1 km away and 129 administrative villages that drink rainwater. In the administrative villages that have used tap water, some natural villages have returned to the situation that there is no tap water available because of the disrepair of water supply facilities and lack of water.
3. It is still quite serious for farmers to see a doctor
In recent years, the Party and the government have invested heavily in solving the problem of farmers' medical treatment and made great achievements. However, due to the particularity of poor rural areas, the problem of "difficulty in seeing a doctor" has not been fundamentally solved. Among the 51 villages, there are 317 administrative villages with health clinics, among which 16 administrative villages meet the standard of health clinics, and 193 administrative villages without health clinics need to go to other villages for medical treatment, accounting for 37.8% of the total number of villages surveyed. In 51 administrative villages, more than 6% of the villages have no qualified medical staff, and villagers need to go to neighboring villages or townships for daily medical treatment, so it is impossible to "stay in the village for minor illnesses". Due to the limitation of medical conditions and income level in rural areas, in order to enjoy the preferential policies of the new rural cooperative medical system and save expenses, farmers have little room to really choose medical conditions when they are sick. Coupled with the expensive medical expenses, the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty in rural areas still exists to varying degrees.
4. Accompanying students has added a new burden to farmers
Among the villages surveyed, there are 14 administrative villages with grade one to grade two primary schools, 78 administrative villages with central primary schools, and there are still 328 administrative villages that should be set up according to the policy but have no lower primary schools, accounting for 64.3% of the total villages surveyed. In order to improve the quality of education, we have effectively integrated rural schools and teachers, which has indeed played a positive role. However, there is a lack of teachers and facilities for early childhood education, the distribution of primary schools and junior high schools is too concentrated, and many central schools have imperfect facilities and equipment, and even do not have sufficient accommodation conditions. Parents have to leave home to rent a house near the school to accompany them. Accompanied by children, not only bound the hands and feet of farmers to go out to start businesses and increase their income, but also caused many family conflicts and social problems.
5. The village-level debt burden is heavy
Due to various constraints, the original "five small enterprises" in poor rural areas have closed down one after another, and the existing village-run enterprises are almost blank. In addition, the village-level collectives have lost their sources of income. In 27, the average collective income of 51 villages was only 3,8 yuan, and some of them were compensation for land occupation. Among the 51 villages, 37 administrative villages had no economic income in that year, accounting for 6.2% of the total number of villages surveyed. By the end of 27, the total debt of 51 villages was 34.572 million yuan, with an average of 597.2 million yuan. 94.5% of the villages had village-level debts, with the highest debt being 4.35 million yuan.
6. Village-level roads have not been fully accessible
In terms of village-level roads, among the villages surveyed, 43 have cement roads and 56 have oil roads. Among the 459 administrative villages that have achieved village-to-village coverage, 44 village roads have been damaged to varying degrees. There are 1 administrative villages that still take gravel roads, and 41 administrative villages that take dirt roads. The number of administrative villages that still have no cement (oil) roads accounts for 1% of the total number of villages surveyed.
7. Rural grass-roots organizations need to be strengthened
Among the 51 villages, in terms of fighting capacity of branch village committees, there are 219 strong villages, 252 strong villages and 39 weak villages. In terms of age structure, there are 294 reasonable villages, 166 reasonable villages and 5 unreasonable villages.
through a large number of complicated facts, it is not difficult to see that after 3 years of reform and opening up, through unremitting efforts, the poor farmers who used to wander on the food and clothing line have completely solved their survival problems and are trying to solve their development problems. However, due to various complicated reasons, poor rural areas "can't climb the slope of development, but can't stride over the hurdle of development". On the whole, "industrialization" and "urbanization" have not yet started, and they have been hovering at the "bottom line of development".
II. Causes and development trend of poverty
(I) Causes of poverty
The reason for this result is the "net outflow" of long-term production factors. Among the three elements of rural economy, the land can't be moved, the responsible farmland and homestead are not allowed to be bought or sold, the state doesn't levy it, and the city people can't buy it, which makes it impossible to make money. Finance is managed by the state, and rural funds are lent to cities through banks to support urban construction. The remaining labor force can only follow the land and capital and go to the city to earn money. Under the condition of market economy, factors will definitely flow out of weak areas, because strong areas have high returns. Agriculture is a weak industry, farmers are a weak group, and poor rural areas are more serious.
(II) Development trend
The future development of poor rural areas is not optimistic. On the whole, it is unrealistic to hope that poor rural areas will have a leap-forward development. First, for a long time, the city has been valued over the countryside, and the unbalanced development between urban and rural areas has continued to advance, and the gap between urban and rural areas and the gap within rural areas has a tendency to further expand. Second, after the adjustment of rural policies, the threshold for development is getting higher and higher, which is increasingly unfavorable to the development of poor rural areas. Some farmers reported that people used to say "relying on mountains to eat mountains", but now the policy is too strict. Third, the natural environmental conditions in remote mountainous areas are relatively harsh, with poor arable land, inconvenient transportation and poor information, and most places are poor in resources. Even if there are resources, it is difficult to effectively develop them because of traffic congestion and poor information. Fourth, natural disasters are frequent, especially drought. Due to the strong dependence of agricultural production on natural climatic conditions, coupled with weak rural infrastructure and weak ability to resist natural disasters, it is difficult for farmers to get rid of poverty by relying on the help of heaven to increase their income, and they will return to poverty in case of disasters, and the rate of returning to poverty is high. Fifth, backward ideas, lack of culture and skills have become the main obstacles for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.
Third, poverty alleviation ideas and specific countermeasures
(1) poverty alleviation ideas
The poverty alleviation work in our city has been carried out for many years and achieved great results. The number of poor people in rural areas has been greatly reduced, and the degree of poverty has been greatly reduced. At present, 51 poor villages are the most backward in the rural areas of the city, and they are a hard nut to crack. If we still follow the past poverty alleviation methods, it is very difficult to "close" poverty alleviation work in poor villages and completely solve the problems of these poor villages. Therefore, it is necessary to change the poverty alleviation model from "special plan promotion" in the past to "urban and rural coordinated promotion", promote the comprehensive poverty alleviation and development of "breaking poverty barriers, changing poverty-stricken industries, moving poverty-stricken nests and digging up poverty roots", and let poor rural areas "integrate" into local urbanization and industrialization. The so-called "breaking the poverty barrier" means that the government invests in infrastructure construction such as transportation in poor rural areas. Especially rural roads, water conservancy, electricity, ecology and other infrastructure construction, fundamentally break the natural obstacles affecting development and opening up; "Changing poor industries" means actively adjusting the industrial structure of poor rural areas, changing traditional backward industries, and vigorously developing comparative advantages industries such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and eco-tourism; "Moving the poor nest" means promoting the relocation of immigrants according to local conditions, especially allowing farmers in remote mountainous areas to move to central villages and towns, and establishing poverty-stricken communities in cities and towns; "Digging the roots" means attaching great importance to the education and training in poor rural areas, especially enabling the children of poor rural farmers to study hard. On the basis of realizing free compulsory education, we will gradually implement measures such as free secondary vocational education, free access to agricultural universities and free labor training for children from low-income families, and let farmers get rid of poverty through education and training.
(II) Specific countermeasures
Supporting the development of poor rural areas in our city is divided into two stages. The first stage is to concentrate on using 3-5 years from 29 to basically solve the outstanding problems existing in the production and life of 51 poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas, with remarkable improvement in infrastructure, social undertakings and development capacity. In the second stage, it will take more than five years. By 22, the integration pattern of urban and rural economic and social development will basically take shape, poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas will develop rapidly, and absolute poverty will basically be eliminated.
at present, the focus is on solving outstanding problems in poor rural areas. In addition to the GSP policies of governments at all levels, poor rural areas can also enjoy preferential policies to "lay an extra brick" for the development of poor rural areas. The specific measures are to establish five mechanisms: financial support, enterprise pairing assistance, organ pairing assistance, social assistance incentive and supervision, establish a contact point system for leading cadres, and implement preferential policies for poor rural areas. For example, the funds for supporting agriculture arranged in the fiscal year of cities and counties (cities, districts) are inclined to the poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas in a planned way, and the proportion of the relevant government functional departments based on the poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas is higher than that of the previous year by more than 2%; The threshold for poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas to enjoy financial support policies is lower than the general standard by more than 2%; All kinds of support funds for poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas are more than 2% higher than the general standard; City, county (city, district) two levels of finance every year from the previous year's normal surplus financial resources to arrange 6% of the funds to invest in rural areas, of which no less than 2% of the funds are used to set up special funds to support and solve outstanding problems in poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas; City, county (city, district) two levels to establish a "coal to supplement agriculture" special funds. In the city's coal mines below the city level, according to the output in the after-tax profit, according to the standard of 2-5 yuan per ton, the special funds for "subsidizing agriculture with coal" will be collected and paid into the financial special account, which will be used by the financial departments at all levels as a whole, focusing on the counties where poor rural areas in remote mountainous areas are concentrated and the areas where outstanding problems are concentrated.