What are the most commonly used methods for information systems project requirements research?

Software engineering contains requirements, design, coding and testing of four phases, of which requirements engineering is the first software engineering is also a very important stage, requirements analysis is to decide "what to do, what not to do". In a software project, software requirements include three different levels - business requirements, user requirements and functional requirements - also includes non-functional requirements: business needs to provide customers and product developers with the initial benefits of the new system, reflecting the organization or customers of the system, the product's high-level goal requirements. Software development, whether it can be successful, the most important is the work of requirements analysis. Therefore, the software requirements analysis capabilities and level of software projects is critical. General analysis methods and steps are as follows: (1) the first investigation of the organizational situation Including understanding the composition of the organization's departments, the functions of each department, etc., to prepare for the analysis of the information flow. (2) Then investigate the business activities of the departments Including understanding of the various departments to enter and use what data, how to process these data, what information is output, output to what departments, what is the format of the output results.　(3) Assist users in defining various requirements for the new system Include information requirements, processing requirements, and completeness and integrity requirements.　(4) Determine the boundaries of the new system Determine which functions are performed by computers or are intended to be performed by computers in the future, and which activities are to be performed manually. The functions to be accomplished by computers are the functions that the new system should fulfill.　Common methods of investigation include: (1) Job shadowing Understanding business activities through hands-on participation in the business. This method provides a more accurate understanding of user needs, but is more time-consuming.　(2) Conducting a survey meeting Understanding the status of business activities and user needs through talks with users. During the talks, participants can inspire each other. (3) Requesting a special presentation.　(4) Make inquiries You can ask a special person about certain questions in the survey.　(5) Designing questionnaires for users to fill in If the questionnaires are properly designed, this method is very effective and easy for users to accept.　(6) Access to records That is, access to data records related to the original system, including the original documents, books, statements and so on.　Through the survey to understand the user needs, but also need to further analyze and express the user's needs. Methods to analyze and express user needs mainly include top-down and bottom-up two types of methods.