The world's eight most famous public health events <ZT>
Public health events: environmental pollution caused by a large number of people in a short period of time morbidity and mortality events.
1, Maas River Valley incident: December 1, 1930 to 5, Belgium Maas River Valley Industrial Zone
Industrial zone in a narrow basin, December 1 to 5, the temperature reversal occurred, the factory discharged harmful gases in the near-earth layer of the accumulation of three days after the onset of some people, the symptoms manifested themselves in chest pain, coughing, respiratory difficulties, etc.. More than 60 people died within a week. The death rate was highest among people with heart and lung diseases.
2, Donora event: October 26, 1948 to 31, the United States, Pennsylvania, Donora Township
The township is in the river valley, most of the last week of October by the anti-reporting cyclone and inversion of temperature control, coupled with the 26-30 days of persistent fog, so that atmospheric pollutants in the near-surface layer accumulation. Sulfur dioxide and its oxidation products combined with dust particles in the atmosphere are the causative factors, with 5,911 people, or 43 percent of the town's population, suffering from the disease. Symptoms are eye pain, sore throat, runny nose, dry cough, headache, limb soreness, vomiting, diarrhea, death <17 people.
3, Los Angeles photochemical smog event: the early 1940s in the United States, the city of Los Angeles
The city's more than 2.5 million cars consume about 16 million liters of gasoline a day, to the atmosphere to emit a large number of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide. The city is near the sea and mountains, in a 50-kilometer basin, and the exhaust from cars forms ozone-based photochemical smog under the action of sunlight.
4, the London smog event: December 5, 1952 to 8, the city of London, England
5 to 8 days almost the whole of the United Kingdom for the coverage of the fog, the number of deaths in the four days compared to the same period of the year about 40,000 people, more than 45 years of age deaths of the most, about three times the usual; 1 year old deaths, about two times the usual. Deaths from bronchitis in the week of the event were 93 times the number of similar deaths in the week before the event.
5, Yokkaichi asthma incident: 1961, Yokkaichi, Japan
Since 1955, the city's petroleum smelting and industrial fuel oil emissions, serious pollution of urban air. Heavy metal particles and sulfur dioxide to form sulfuric acid smog. 1961 asthma attack, 1967, some patients could not bear to commit suicide. 1972 the city **** confirmed asthma patients amounted to 817 people, more than 10 deaths.
6, rice bran oil incident: in March 1968 Japan North Kyushu City, Aichi Prefecture around
production of rice bran oil with PCBs for deodorization process in the heat carrier, due to production mismanagement, mixed into the rice bran oil, consumption of poisoned, sick more than 1,400 people, to the July-August sick more than 5,000< people, of which 16 deaths, the actual victims of about 13,000 people.
7, Minamata disease incident: 1953 ~ 1956, Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan
Methylmercury-containing industrial wastewater pollution of water bodies, so that the Minamata Bay and the Sea of Knowledge of the fish poisoning, people eat the poisoned fish after the victim. 1972, Japan's Department of the Environment announced: the Minamata Bay and the lower reaches of the new Prefecture Agano River, there are 283 people with mercury poisoning, of which 60 people died.
8, pain in the event of pain: 1955 ~ 1972, Japan, Toyama County, Shentong River Basin
Zinc, lead smelters and other discharges containing wastewater contaminated Shentong River water, residents on both sides of the river use the river to irrigate farmland, so that rice and drinking water containing cadmium and poisoning, 1963 to 1979 & lt; March **** there are patients 130 & lt; people, of which 81 people died.
Environmental pollution and management of the fifties and sixties, the development of Japan's industrial environment has been seriously polluted, a series of major incidents of environmental pollution. Such as the world-famous eight major public health incidents, Japan accounted for four, including the Minamata incident occurred in the Seto Inland Sea in Minamata Prefecture. 1953 found there people suffering from a strange disease, the patient slurred speech, unsteady gait, facial dementia, deafness and blindness, numbness, and finally died of insanity. The cause was the consumption of contaminated fish caught in the Seto Inland Sea.