How do graduates majoring in mechanical design, manufacturing and automation plan for the future?

This is what a mechanical god said. For the future development and career planning of machinery, I will study here, hoping to help you. These words have helped many mechanical students out of the predicament. \x0d\ 1。 Machinery industry, work place, enterprise selection category: \x0d\ 1. At present, the development of machinery in different regions of China has its own characteristics. The machinery industry in the mainland is still practical, mainly to solve domestic internal needs, so the industries involved are relatively traditional, facing all walks of life, from national construction to civilian consumer goods. The coastal machinery industry is dominated by finishing and light industry. Due to the influx of foreign capital and the demand for processing or secondary processing, the machinery industry is characterized by miniaturization, high-end and rapid response. But in North China, Northeast China and other northern regions, heavy industry is a typical representative, which has a certain relationship with historical reasons. In addition, the rich mineral resources in the north also lead to the relatively developed heavy industry. Obviously, in terms of income and new technology, the machinery industry in the eastern coastal areas is definitely the first choice; However, to learn the knowledge of basic machinery in an all-round way, the mainland has an advantage. Because there is almost no heavy industry in coastal areas, it is incorrect to divide heavy industry from machinery industry. \x0d\ At present, the better industries in China are medical devices, telecommunication hardware, network communication, heavy equipment, precision equipment, semiconductors, automation equipment and standardized components; It used to be better, but in declining industries, there are automobiles, textiles, microelectronics, telecommunications software, elevators, logistics and so on; There are too many industries with poor experience to list. \x0d\ Mechanical industry classification, R&D is better, CAE analysis is related to application, followed by manufacturing/assembly, and others are slightly worse. \x0d\3。 Priority of enterprises: from top to bottom: American capital > European capital > joint venture > Japanese capital > large state-owned enterprises \ x0d \ x0d \ 2. It is not recommended to engage in automobiles and molds in any specific industry, because there are many employees, the competitive pressure is great and the overall level of the industry is low. Someone once asked me why I wrote telecommunications on the information. My answer is that my team is a mechanical designer, but the products we make are telecom network products, which does not conflict. Similarly, whether it is a machine tool or a mold, it is always different when it comes to products. Let me give you an example. They are also mechanical engineers, one designing medical devices and the other designing standard parts. Who do you think has high income and high technical content? Obviously, the income and technical ability of designing medical equipment are much higher. So the type of work has an impact, and the product classification has a greater impact. \ x0d \ x0d \ Taiwan Province people, Koreans and private enterprises are all my considerations, and I have described them in the corresponding posts. Corporate culture is represented by American capital and Japanese capital; Corporate processes should learn from American capital; Job skills should be Japanese. \x0d\ If you are introverted and comfortable, then you can choose state-owned enterprises. Although the system of state-owned enterprises is unbearable, at present, state-owned enterprises are the only place where there is still a master-apprentice model. If you are not active enough and want to be guided all the time, you can stay in a state-owned enterprise for two years, at most, and don't stay too long. If you are active enough, active enough and eager to learn, then choose foreign capital and recommend Japanese companies. Because Japanese companies have a very good thing. Although they are indifferent, they will really teach you a lot. As long as you are active enough, as long as you ask questions, you will basically answer them. Private enterprises are not recommended here because bosses are very realistic. You are obviously not suitable for people who can work and make profits for them as soon as they come in. Taiwan Province and Korean companies are not recommended, because they will only squeeze you. The situation of European and American companies is more complicated, which will be explained later. \x0d\ The bigger the company, the better. It is said that small companies can learn more, because there are fewer people, so there are more things for everyone. In fact, in this case, a lot of things seem to be learned, but in fact, the practice is very irregular. When the company is big, the process and system will be complete, so although we have less corresponding things, we have the opportunity to consult others and learn other skills. Therefore, the ability of self-study is still the most important. As for how to mix, study, consult and even steal teachers in the company, it depends on personal ability. \x0d\4。 Career direction: At present, there is no urgent direction in the machinery industry. Due to the large number of employees, a large number of outstanding talents have emerged in various industries. Of course, there is a great demand, so there is no saturation problem. At present, from the perspective of development and income, electromechanical integration, automation, mechanical development and design are superior to other directions, but they require higher experience. Besides, you can't learn any cutting-edge knowledge at school. The basic knowledge of mechanical industry is very boring, and the accumulation is extremely slow, and there is no shortcut. And some seemingly cutting-edge equipment and technologies are actually the products of continuous optimization and combination of ordinary technologies. \x0d\5。 Classification of machinery industry: The machinery industry is extensive and profound. If you want to subdivide, it will be endless. According to major categories, people have different views. My classification is relatively simple (only from my personal point of view, leaving aside the obscure content): processing, manufacturing, equipment and development. \x0d\ Among the friends who have asked for help in recent years, there are very few friends who have really participated in development, which may be related to their qualifications, so I won't talk about it here; Equipment belongs to maintenance and technical services, which is actually a big classification in machinery, but because of the small number of employees and relative unpopularity, I won't say much; And processing this piece, I get the most help, but also the largest number of domestic employees; Manufacturing has always been the main industry I recommend you to engage in. What is the relationship between these four categories? My understanding is as follows: \x0d\ machining is the most elementary application and the foundation of all mechanical technologies, so there are many employees, which require high basic knowledge of the mechanical industry and are very training; Manufacturing is the last process of processing, which can be considered as advanced processing. Its core content is the process of turning processed parts into finished products, which requires high mechanical assembly and functional embodiment, but reduces the requirements for processing technology to some extent. Equipment maintenance and technical service is a further level. You must have a high understanding of mechanical foundation, electromechanical knowledge and manufacturing technology before you can engage in this industry. And development is a master and needs to lead all the above basic industries. Therefore, these four categories are arranged in this order, so it can be said that the actual work income is generally distributed from low to high. This is why many friends who are still engaged in the processing industry suggest jumping from processing to manufacturing, then to technology, and finally developing such an order. \x0d\6。 In all branches of machinery industry, processing industry is important, but from the perspective of career development, it is not as good as other industries. And because of the level and quality of the employees around you, even if you are eager to learn, it is still difficult to get rid of the influence of the environment, and even the friends around you will become obstacles to your development. And if I let you develop in the direction of mechanical design now, I think it's too high to jump at once. Because I have mentioned in many other posts that mechanical design is a science that requires a lot of knowledge, skills and experience. \x0d\ Mechanical manufacturing, including all post-processing procedures of mechanical processing, mainly includes product assembly, debugging, quality control (different from the quality control of the quality department, which refers to the quality control of the production department here), product production technology, and even some engineering maintenance and production tools of jigs and fixtures. At present, there are many people engaged in this industry in China, but the overall level is very low and the employees are unstable. In fact, there are many gaps between us and the world, and this is the difference. \x0d\ Because most companies will recruit college students to be manufacturing engineers, in fact, they have no experience and lack of mechanical foundation, so although there are many people, their level is generally poor, but their income and development are good. Moreover, for the manufacturing departments of some formal companies, there are complete processes and technical specifications, which can greatly expand your horizons and enhance your technical ability. Moreover, college students are not useless, and you will find that they really surpass others in understanding and learning ability. \x0d\\x0d\ II。 Education and learning content \x0d\ 1. The mechanical industry has slightly lower requirements for academic qualifications, because we value its practical ability more. If you find that some companies must have a certain degree, then almost 100% must be set by laymen such as HR and big boss. There are two questions here: \ x0d \ a. Although we recruit people regardless of their academic qualifications, how to bypass laymen like HR and get interview opportunities depends on your own skills. It's not that you always complain that you have no chance because of your poor academic qualifications. It's all about personal ability. If the education does not meet the requirements, how to bypass the hard indicators of HR is also the embodiment of a person's communication ability. \x0d\b. There are different opinions on how to bypass or let HR or the big boss make concessions and give up the academic qualifications, but you must never cheat. \x0d\2。 At present, the single-chip microcomputer has developed to a very high level. In the development process of single chip microcomputer, few people write programs from the bottom, and major suppliers, such as Omron, Mitsubishi, Siemens, etc. Many functions of single chip microcomputer are integrated and modularized, and directly applied to engineering. And you try to learn from the bottom and then enter the advanced application of single chip microcomputer, then it is not impossible, but this road is too long. Moreover, at present, single-chip microcomputer does not belong to the classification of traditional machinery, but belongs to the classification of industrial automation, which requires high basic knowledge of automation and mechatronics. I don't suggest spending too much energy on this. Compilation is the same, and everything related to computers is the same; Many friends have asked me whether it is important to engage in the mechanical industry and whether computer knowledge is important, including cad, assembly and so on. My answer is not important, don't spend too much time. \x0d\3。 As for the problem of software, I have repeated it countless times, which is the least important for us. Mechanical designer and draftsman are completely different concepts. I don't know why it is useless to draw a picture To truly understand the principle and significance, you said that the drawings are basically understandable, but I said that it is far from enough. Usually, no one can really understand all the drawings, and today they dare not say so. A small drawing can contain almost all the knowledge of the mechanical industry, which is enough for us to study for a lifetime. I can only draw pictures and know nothing but CAD operation. This is not a mechanical industry, but I think it is an art major. Go to an industrial design graduate and draw a picture that is absolutely beautiful. I don't remember if I gave this example. As a professional trainer, my UG teacher is proficient in more than ten kinds of drawing software, and the operation is perfect, but it costs 3000 yuan a month, because he knows nothing about mechanical foundation except drawing. He only knows how to draw things, but he doesn't know how to design and complete a standard drawing, and he doesn't understand the ever-changing notes on the drawing paper. Do you all want to be draftsmen? As for CAD and various certificates, I have mentioned in countless replies that CAD certificates are useless! It only takes a few days to teach you how to use a software, but I have emphasized the difference between a draftsman and a designer countless times. It's no use just drawing. In fact, without a strong mechanical foundation, you can draw well without drawing. The drawing time of a painting is often much longer than drawing these lines. There are so many notes, and every sentence has profound meaning, which is beyond the comprehension of a draftsman. And for normal people, drawing skills are not difficult and can be completely ignored. So don't spend money to read any certificates, just teach yourself. As for how to be proficient, I have said in many replies that you can practice your hands with things around you, such as mobile phones, alarm clocks, telephones, televisions and computers. Building 3D models and making 2D drawings can be used very well, and there are many good forums on the Internet. For practical work, CAD requires very few skills. If you can do what I said above by yourself, then your CAD skills are enough. \x0d\5。 Studying in the mechanical industry is a waste of life, but why are we still recruiting graduate students? That's because almost no undergraduate students can use it, and the professional ability of graduate students is not necessarily strong. It's just that graduate students can at least better master the working methods in the company. As for professional skills, graduate students, like undergraduates, also need to go to the grassroots. And now the undergraduate course has been flooded, cats and dogs are all undergraduates, and graduate students can still reflect a little bit of total strength. Therefore, the income of graduate students is not necessarily higher than that of undergraduates. This is a fact. We only use graduate students as undergraduates, or undergraduates are almost unqualified now. We will also find a large number of interns every year, and once we find excellent undergraduates, we will stay immediately. You can do the same. There are Fortune 500 companies in Shanghai almost every year. \x0d\ III。 Understand mechanical design and R&D \x0d\ 1. Design skills are definitely not only in the design department, or basically not in the design department. \x0d\ Mechanical design is a master, and all the skills it needs are actually outside the design, but the people in the design department just gather these skills and unify them. Let me define design skills = mechanical knowledge+machining skills+process knowledge+manufacturing+quality control+financial accounting+drawing skills +...\ x0d \ Then can you say what skills the design department has? The design department only has experience, as long as it needs a lot of accumulated experience, how to effectively combine these skills. \x0d\2。 Product design \x0d\ Standard product design is generally divided into five stages (some companies simplify it to four stages). \x0d\a.0 stage: when the demand for new products arises, the marketing department or senior management will explore new users and demands, conduct feasibility analysis and estimation, and decide whether to draft the project \x0d\b. 1 stage: for the approved products, the design department will provide conceptual design and estimate the cost and investment amount. Each department completes the financial forecast report, and then decides whether to formally establish the project \x0d\c.2 stage: after the financial report is passed and the customer agrees, the design department provides a preliminary design scheme (highleveldesign), and repeatedly confirms the modification with the customer until it finally forms the \x0d\d.3 stage: reevaluate the project risk and financial report, and implement the resolution under all feasible conditions. The design department provides detailed design drawings (lowleveldesign) and establishes corresponding systems, which are ready to be submitted to the production department. The production department prepares the corresponding engineering system and product system. Take samples and finalize all test reports. \x0d\e.4 stage: the production department receives the detailed drawings from the design department and mass-produces. The design department participates in the whole process of design improvement and process improvement, and makes corresponding design changes. Until the end of the product life cycle \x0d\(f.5 stage: some companies have this process, which is generally used to close the project as a summary of the project and experience) \x0d\ As for the design process, it is not too much to write a few books, so I will not expand it here. Carefully digest the above contents, and you will know how hard a designer works and how much he has to learn. Painting is really too small. \x0d\3。 Machinery R&D \x0d\ I recommend R&D for three reasons: \x0d\ a. Income: \ x0d \ In the machinery industry, at present, the widest and highest average income type of work is research and development, and only a few small enterprises can surpass R&D in income, but entering those fields requires great strength and opportunities. We all have to eat when we are alive, and research and development is the best choice. \x0d\ b. Sense of accomplishment: \ x0d \ An engineer often needs not only material encouragement, but also spiritual encouragement. For R&D, the challenge is enormous, and the sense of accomplishment and joy after success is also the highest. Many colleagues don't care about some small differences in income, but care about whether their designs are recognized. \x0d\ C. Pride \ x0d \ R&D is a profession that integrates almost all the knowledge of mechanical industry, and few other types of work can compete with it, so the strength of R&D personnel is also quite high, which will undoubtedly make them equally outstanding in many other fields. \x0d\ r&d English is r&; D, researchanddevelopment, R&D are two different concepts. \ x0d \ Research is to do theoretical and feasible work, which is very boring and really requires a solid theoretical foundation and practical ability, among which simulation operation, simulation analysis, basic model and so on are the most common; \x0d\Development does the actual development and design work, and directly links the theoretical application with the actual product. At present, 98% of R&D in our country only focuses on development, that is, design, and few people do research, which is precisely the gap between us and foreigners. In a mature big company, there are often hundreds or even more R&D departments, most of which are research, while in China, on the contrary, there are almost no research, all of them are designers, and such R&D departments are often dozens of people. There is nothing wrong with working in R&D right after graduation. You can grow up quickly in an environment where you are a master, and you will immediately see the gap between yourself and others. It is also a good choice to make up for your own shortcomings. As for the knowledge of manufacturing, every mechanical practitioner must master it, and do research and development like the back of his hand, relying only on your own two hands. \x0d\ IV。 Career planning \x0d\ 1. The machinery industry is a single-plank bridge. If you want to go, you must go all the way. You can leave halfway, but don't expect to come back. So you still have to look at your ideals to decide your future path. If you are firmly committed to the machinery industry, you can eat radish for the first two or three years, then engage in real R&D, manufacturing, testing, quality control and other related occupations, and then have a second choice at 8- 10. You can choose to continue the pure technical route or choose technical management. If you give up halfway, it's up to you to develop yourself. \ x0d \ x0d \ 2。 The machinery industry is a bottomless pit. No one can say that he is invincible. No one can say that he fully understands it. We can only say that on this long road, we have come near and far. Therefore, in the mechanical industry, we can't be a generalist. It is the best choice to grasp one aspect, go farthest and give consideration to adjacent industries. \x0d\3。 The direction is not set for you by others. My words are not standards, let alone imperial edicts. Be sure to make a reasonable judgment according to your own situation. The goals are all set by ourselves, and the roads are all made by ourselves. I just give you a reference. I hope you take fewer detours. I fell down and it hurt. Not everyone has to fall once to know how to go. \x0d\4。 There is no direction now, it doesn't matter. Some friends who left me messages were in a bad mood. I can see that they are impatient. I know his present situation makes him feel bad, but it is impossible to make a difference without calming down. No matter what I said, it was useless, so I didn't reply to the messages of individual friends. I just hope you can calm down and read my words again. \x0d\5。 This is not a high-income industry. Utilitarians have to take a detour. Maybe I'm different from what you said about high income, but I must remind you that if you are only engaged in this industry for high income, you'd better leave as soon as possible. The machinery industry is lonely and needs some enthusiasm to persist. Many friends mentioned when sending messages that they wanted to work for a few years by themselves and then go out alone. Sorry, that's all I can say. You should know what I mean.