First, the previous "Ukrainian Science and Technology Day" exhibition projects
1. Chernovice National University
1. 1. Civil high-efficiency solar cells and lithium batteries
A low-cost and high-efficiency solar cell for daily life was developed, including 6V (used as the power supply of ionizing radiation dosimeter), 9V (used as the power supply of electro-acupuncture diagnostic instrument and small-size vehicle display) and16V (used as the power supply of portable TV sets and notebook computers).
Using this kind of solar cell, users can combine it into solar module, which is cheaper than the existing foreign similar products. Under the condition of daily use, the working life of this solar module is 30-50 years.
In continuous industrial production, the efficiency of solar silicon cells with different designs can be improved by 13%.
We have also developed a lithium power supply (voltage 2 volts) and a lithium battery (voltage 9 volts), whose performance is the same as that of similar foreign products, and some parameters even exceed those of similar foreign products.
A series of devices-solar cell-lithium power supply has also been developed, which can be used as power supply for electronic equipment (electronic watches, film machines, cameras, etc.). ) the working current is small.
1.2. Nano-thin film semiconductor structure: theory, technology and instruments
The existing semiconductor, metal and dielectric technologies for obtaining high-quality thin films by thermal evaporation and magnetron sputtering are suitable for some A2B6 semiconductor materials and chalcopyrite structured thin films (including CulnSe2). As an example of possible thin film materials, it leads to the characteristics of solar cells based on CulnSe2. Nanometer and thin film structures meet the world standard level according to their parameters.
1.3. Photoelectric semiconductor materials A2B6 and A4B6
Researchers in Ukraine have developed methods using different methods (бридмен, чохральский).
The thin film of this material is obtained by thermal evaporation and magnetron atomization in vacuum. From the research, the main electrical and physical properties of bulk crystals and авввввввввввввввввввввввввв
It should be pointed out that on this basis, cadmium antimonide and its solid solution have high photosensitivity in visible light and near infrared spectrum, high sensitivity to х, A, B and G rays, and high thermal stability (below 800 с), so these materials can be used as efficient photoelectric modulators for CO2 lasers, optical filters and objective lenses. Do хх, G-ray detector, do optical fiber communication lines, solar components and other amplifiers and switches.
These materials can be widely used as working elements of various photoelectric instruments. These include bi-,tri-and tetra-narrow semiconductor solid solutions based on mercury telluride and mercury selenide, solutions based on cadmium telluride and zinc, and solutions based on zinc chalcogenides. These semiconductor materials are characterized by reaching or exceeding the level of similar products in the world.
1.4. Semiconductor intermetallic compound Hg3IN2TE6-a promising new material for optoelectronics, radiation dosimetry and optical fiber communication lines.
A technique of growing Hg3In2Te6 crystal by бридмен method was developed. The crystal has high parameter stability to ionizing radiation, and the input impurities with density lower than 5× 10 19 cm -3 are passivated.
The main electro-physical properties of this crystal are studied, and the laboratory samples of photoelectric instruments are made on this basis. Especially when т = 300 к, the band gap of Hg3In2Te6 is 0.74 eV, the electron density is 5×1018–2×1019 cm-3, and the carrier mobility is 0.02-3. The material has high parameter stability to ionizing radiation, and the input impurities with density lower than 5× 10 19 cm -3 are passivated.
Hg3ln2Te6 is a natural semiconductor compound sample, and it is a promising material for establishing optical filters, effective visible infrared receivers, ionizing radiation detectors and temperature sensors. It has a series of unique physical characteristics: it is insensitive to ionizing radiation and high-energy particles, inactive to atoms adsorbed on the crystal surface from the atmosphere, and independent of a series of impurities leading to limited concentration of chemical components.
On the basis of this semiconductor material, the optical fiber communication line (quantum efficiency >: 80%) self-calibrates the laboratory model of the receiver, and two parts of high-speed (inertia)
2. Uzhgorod State University
1. 1. A new type of bacterial sterilizer "Single spore-пк" (resistant to Klebsiella)
The new veterinary biological preparation "monospore-пк" is based on Bacillus subtilis 090 strain: daily lyophilic drying (лвФ), and in principle it is a new gel (гпФ) to prevent the pathogen of Klebsiella. This document shows the effective antibacterial effect on some pathogens and Eupatorium odoratum infection in vitro. Bacillus subtilis strains used in prevention and internal medicine have obviously reduced the mortality rate of experimental animals caused by salmonella and grape toxin. Bacillus subtilis 090 strain can not change the basic expression of normal microorganisms in large tissues.
3. Institute of Ferrous Metals, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
3. 1. Auxiliary equipment for blast furnace production
The throat distribution of the reformed bell-less blast furnace is studied comprehensively and calculated. Using the mathematical model established according to the data obtained from the above comprehensive research, the operating state and operating parameters of the equipment are analyzed and selected; Conduct testing and evaluation; According to comprehensive research, with the help of unique mathematical model, technical suggestions related to blast and blast furnace operation are provided, and the operation state of charging system equipment is selected.
4. Odessa National University
1. 1. A new functional material based on germanium compound.
This new functional material contains polybasic organic acids with strong optical properties, and these acids can be changed by adding some substances in the synthesis stage. This new functional material also has semiconductor characteristics and adsorption characteristics for two compounds. New functional materials can also be used to manufacture gas sensors.
4.2. New biological agents that promote rapid response in the process of eliminating oil pollution
A new biological agent is a non-pathogenic microorganism-Pseudomonas fluorescens, which is isolated from the natural environment. It is produced on an organic medium according to a special process.
The new generation of biological agents have strong adsorption and decomposition functions for petroleum hydrocarbons.
The new biological preparation can work at normal temperature. This preparation is suspended and hydrophobic. After the new biological agent is used to adsorb petroleum products, it is not necessary to eliminate the agent centrally, and the hydrocarbon of petroleum will decompose automatically in the natural state. The preparation will not lose its efficacy after long-term storage.
4.3. "пузо-1"ultrasonic purifier
Ultrasonic purifier is a tool to purify small components in liquid by ultrasonic wave. The instrument can be used in instrument manufacturing, hospitals and precision machinery industries.
Materials of components produced: metal, glass, ceramics, plastics, etc.
Working environment: distilled water, ethylene solution and other purification solutions. The instrument can eliminate chemicals harmful to the ecology from the purification process, and does not need to use a special preparation controller.
4.4. Semi-automatic and manual welding of high-power commutator is based on a series of effective systematic technological treatments.
The double limit amplitude system of magnetic saturation center of power transformer reduces the motion loss of conversion by reducing the working frequency to the lowest value. In this study, ORCad9.2 system is used to simulate the electromagnetic process by computer.
Advantages: automatic correction of bonding welding characteristics of electrodes correctly output and discharged from welding specifications; Three protection methods (thermal protection, current protection and transformer saturation); Cross-sections for cables and coated electrode inlays.
4.5. Solar concentrator (CK)
Providing independent solar heating (hot water supply and heating) for residents and production objects, and ensuring refrigeration and air conditioning are the tasks and fields of solar collector application. (private houses, hotels, boarding apartments; Farms and enterprise greenhouses in the field of processing and manufacturing)
Polycarbonate-based polymer is used as the basic material of new solar polymerization kettle. Compared with the traditional structure 200-300 which is being produced in Ukraine, the price of the multilayer solar polymerizer is very low (less than 100 уэ/square), and the foreign structure reaches 600 euros/square meter, and its mass is very small in the solar polymerization structure (4.5 kilograms/square meter compared with the metal structure of 20-30 kilograms/square meter). Polycarbonate board has high impact stability (5-6 times higher than glass).
4.6. Production of engineered Lactobacillus acidophilus OL4.
Lactobacillus acidophilus OL4 is a promising biological bacterium, which was isolated from the non-commercial yogurt products produced in Odessa, and its content in milk was the highest, with the concentration of 390.5+1.5t; Acidification makes the milk sour within 3.80-0.5 hours. It is more resistant than the well-known industrial lactobacillus. It is characterized by its role as a medium adhesive in clinical practice and its resistance to antibiotic preparations. This bacterium exists in the simulated gastrointestinal system.
4.7. Reagent based on Lactobacillus acidophilus OL4 model
Lactobacillus acidophilus OL4 dry concentrate is used to produce yogurt food for medical prevention activities. The obtained dry concentrated solution is fine powder and has the following characteristics: the total number of Lactobacillus is 2,0×107/L, the water content is-3,0%, the solubility of the original precipitate is-0.5 0.2 ml, and the acidification speed is-12.6+ 1. Lactobacillus acidophilus OL4 dry concentrated yeast can destroy the intestines of experimental animals very quickly.
Without the above activation, bacterial concentrate is used by dissolving it in milk or solution. When producing food, people put (1g) one portion of bacterial concentrate into 10- 12 liter of sterile milk and keep it at a constant temperature of 40℃ for about 3.5-4.5 hours.
4.8. Sensitive element of humidity sensitive capacitance sensor based on metal structure
The sensing element is designed in advance to measure the humidity of the gas environment based on the capacitive sensor.
Basic technical assessment:
Sensitive structure mo-SiO _ 2-nn+si
The thickness of oxide layer is 5- 10нм.
The structure of the upper electrode is reticular.
Sensitivity, relative humidity below 30
Relative humidity measuring range 10-98
Linearity of measuring range 100
Hysteresis 2
Constant time is less than 60
In addition to sensitivity, conversion linearity and hysteresis, this sensor is superior to foreign industrial humidity sensors (such as Valvo Company in Germany, Russia and other countries), and other parameters are actually not behind other countries. In addition, rare metals are not used in structures different from similar components.
4.9. Magnetic biological regulator
Magnetic biological regulator can balance the directional activities of human energy meridian system and electromagnetic field with complex space-time structure. Spatial combination (structure), the electromagnetic field sensor forms the energy and time parameters of the magnetic field, and the electromagnetic field is determined at the "energy" center on the surface of the physiotherapy table, which was originally separated from the needle and thread. Medical activities are carried out on the basis of the above-mentioned biopotential analysis of the typical "energy" meridians and acupoints of the human body.
Advantages: Electromagnetic field can compensate people's energy by catalyzing or inhibiting their individual energy meridian activities (based on previous experiments), and the formation of space-time exchange of magnetic field ensures that it plays a complete role in all blood vessels and tissues of people.
4. 10. Photoelectric walking stick for the visually impaired
Walking sticks detect road conditions through distance contact, and reveal three kinds of walking roadblocks within the distance of 1 meter. It ensures that visually impaired people can analyze the displacement situation and solve the spatial positioning problem of users. The photoelectric device of walking stick is for users to work in the safe and recent infrared spectrum field.
When walking, the walking stick determines the obstacles above the ground in the form of low-lying, protruding, walls, ornaments and poles. And underwater obstacles, and their size is higher than 5 cm. The information that there are obstacles in the range of 1 m is notified to users by different sound signals with different tones.
Advantages:
-determining different types of walking obstacles in a device by photoelectron method, that is, the comprehensiveness of the device;
-Due to the integration of methods for detecting contact direction and distance, the adaptability of visually impaired people has been improved;
The power supply voltage is 9 volts and the weight is 400 grams.
4. 1 1. Structure of magnetic induction transistor
A balanced low-deviation magnetic induction semiconductor structure, whose initial information is current. Used as a basic component of a magnetic field transformer for:
-Measuring magnetic induction;
-Non-contact current measurement:
—Record linear and angular transformations;
-Measure the speed.
There are no similarities except physical characteristics.
4. 12. Piezoelectric ceramic polarization device
The automatic equipment is intended to polarize piezoelectric ceramic plates of different types, sizes and styles, and it can be used in laboratory and workshop conditions. Basic features: polarization voltage regulation, 0.3- 15kV, regulating tank temperature 20- 180℃, (maximum) size 120 * 12mm2/cell, power supply provided by AC power grid, and overall size 600 * 300 *.
4. 13. Acupoint finding device
Portable device for finding so-called acupuncture points on the surface of human body-biological activity points are reserved in advance. Information about the found puncture point is installed as a micro laser in the form of sound signals. The device is in the shape of a pen, and is internally equipped with an electronic system, a power supply component and sound wires. The operation of the device does not need the special operation of users, and can be operated by medical institutions and family patients themselves. The average working time of equipment in active state exceeds 1 year without replacing power components.
4. 14. Solar concentrator
Glass-based solar polymerization kettle can be used as the equipment of solar power station, which can heat different objects and environments and can be used in other different types of production processes. The polished surface of the mirror can achieve a polymeric reflectance ratio of not less than 87%. The inclination pattern of the slope of the polishing surface is specified so that the projected light is uniformly focused on the focal point of the photoelectric converter. Advantages: high optical parameters, reliability and technological structure, low requirements for user skills, and maximum protection of ecological energy production systems.
5. Azov Coast National Technical University
5. 1. Reinforced concrete slab foundation of turnout beam
The reinforced concrete slab foundation for turnout beam is studied to replace the square timber with a service life of 6-8 years, and the actual consumption of scarce timber is determined. She is very effective in basic technical and economic indicators:
Durable for 2, 5 to 3 times; The consumption is 4, 5-5 times a year; Labor consumption is 2-2, 5 times. The advantage of reinforced concrete pedestal with increased freight strength and load bearing is to increase the fixed profit per share to 5,000 dollars.
5.2. Blast furnace cone charging device, with coke feeding part located in the center of the top.
A new type of conical charging device for blast furnace is studied. It ensures that the coke feeding part in the center of the top of the furnace is distributed around the blast furnace reasonably without using the feeding tank. Study a series of its deformations. This new deformation expands the operational possibility of mastering the radial and circumferential distribution of burden and gas. The carrier ensures the energy saving of cast iron melt and the expansion of blast furnace capacity. This depends on the reasonable distribution of burden and gas. At the same time, the basic use consumption is supplemented to the minimum. After use, the unit consumption of 1t cast iron is reduced to 20...30kg. The productivity of blast furnace increased by 65438 0.2%. The service life of blast furnace hearth with increased top pressure is 3...3 years and 5 years, which is 3 times higher than that of standard cone device maintenance.
6. Kiev National University of Arts and Crafts and Industrial Product Design
6. 1. Plasticity of concrete mixture
This product can be used as a plasticizer for high-efficiency concrete mixture for all-stone masonry, which can improve the firmness of concrete by 20-30%, improve the impermeability and cold resistance of concrete, and reduce its permeability without causing concrete corrosion and connector corrosion. This plasticizer is cheaper than other types of products and is made of leather waste (residue).
7. National Aviation University
7. 1. Traffic automation control system
Traffic control is a very important issue for big cities all over the world.
The recommended design scheme includes comprehensive research of technical equipment and scheme guarantee, namely: central console, electronic storage mode of city map, computer-programmed road controller, various conversion devices of road controller, traffic intensity detector, wireless control device, road controller program device and traffic signal lamp device.
The traffic control system ensures unified command and gives full play to the functions of the whole set of technical equipment, the application of modern information technology and the original program guarantee. The system is guaranteed by the designer's guarantee plan, sensitive control and diagnosis and modern component suppliers (Intel, Motorola, etc.). ).
7.2. Automatic Passenger Information Control System
System working system: automatic control, automatic control and manual control.
In the automatic control state, the operator plays a supervisory role and has the ability to stop sending messages to the broadcast network.
In the automatic control state, according to the instructions of the system operator, the pre-formed information of the broadcast data station is realized.
The information broadcast in manual mode is directly selected by the operator. The list of information that can be formed in this state is determined by the content of the language library.
The speech signal reproduced by the automatic manual station has high-quality natural speech characteristics.
The automatic control workbench ensures in advance the quality and integrity of multi-language voice signal reproduction and its working efficiency in broadcasting networks in aviation, railway, ocean, voice radio and other similar fields.
7.3. Low Altimeter
The device can measure the minimum geometric height of an aircraft flying in the range of 50- 100 meters in advance. The working principle of the device is to measure the height based on the volumetric method. The capacitance change curve between the metal plates of the bottom fuselage of the aircraft is adopted.
The main features of this equipment are:
-The information capacity value increases with the shortening of the distance from the ground, and the measurement error decreases.
The static characteristics of altimeter are nonlinear, and its sensitivity increases with the decrease of altitude.
-The surface features of the bottom metal plate do not actually affect the measurement accuracy.
-Volumetric altimetry provides a comprehensive evaluation of altitude, and can obtain the information of terrain change in advance.
7.4. Differential barometer
The device predetermines the center of consumption meter and the work of differential pressure measuring instrument.
Equipment function:
The light shielding component of the sensitive element is all-metal structure, which can eliminate the error caused by the reinforced diaphragm and ensure the temperature stability of the device.
The working deflection of diaphragm should not exceed 0. 1 mm to ensure good linearity.
The instrument adopts unidirectional capacitance frequency converter, which can avoid the complicated structure caused by ensuring contact with movable sensor elements.
The measurement of capacitance is realized by a continuously balanced AC bridge, which can obtain the information of two progress codes. The application of the bridge can greatly reduce the measurement error.
7.5. Linear micro-displacement sensor
The device measures the micro-displacement fulcrum of the metal plate during thermal deformation in the welding process in advance.
The displacement measurement range is 65438±0.2mm；; ; The measurement error should not exceed 0.003 mm.
The sensitive element of the device is a micro-capacitor frequency converter, which completes displacement measurement in turn according to two coordinates.
The measuring device is installed on a two-coordinate mobile platform with an accuracy of 0.005 mm In addition, the mobile platform can manually ensure the balance of the measuring bridge to complete accurate measurement in a large displacement range.
7.6. Angular displacement sensor
Sensors measure the angular displacement of moving parts of various devices and structures in advance, which require high measurement accuracy and minimum load on moving parts. The sensitive element of the device is differential AC capacitance, and the change value of AC electric quantity is realized by the partial overlap of capacitor electrode and movable grounding plate. The capacitance measurement of proportional angular displacement is completed by AC bridge with data compensation function. The output signal is output in the form of binary code.
7.7. Automatic control system for signal spectrum processing
A new recommended automatic control system for signal spectrum processing. The inherent unknown deviation between the actual signal and the ideal coordination mode will lead to a significant decline in the detection characteristics of these signals. The recommendation system is different from the familiar system, and its characteristic is the stability of deviation. It has been applied to actual signal recording, and the effect is remarkable. The average SNR is 2 dB (or 1.6 times). The system can be used to search for small-scale targets on the sea surface, predict ship collisions, study hail clouds, search for victims of earthquakes and avalanches, measure blood flow velocity (medicine) and so on.
7.8. Flight safety guarantee methods and equipment in virtual driving stage
Airport lighting system is the only visible information source for airplane pilots during takeoff, descent, landing and taxiing under complex meteorological conditions.
The quantitative evaluation of the technical condition of airport lighting system depends on its reliability index. In order to determine the quality and effect of airport lighting system, it is necessary to master the information of the influence of safety and reliability indicators on the flight safety level of aircraft under complex meteorological conditions.
7.9. Apparatus and method for improving reliability and economy of internal combustion engine and reducing toxicity of internal combustion engine during operation by improving fuel performance.
On the basis of theoretical and experimental research, the method of physical electric vibration affecting fuel oil is studied, which can improve the energy storage of liquid hydrocarbons. The influence of physical electric vibration on liquid hydrocarbons can be determined by experimental data, which can improve the wear resistance of fuel by 30-50%. The friction coefficient decreased by12-16%; The carbon deposit at the piston end is reduced by 2-3 times, and the residual carbon value of engine oil is reduced by 10- 15%.
7. 10. Liquid hydrocarbon molecular purification filter
On the basis of theoretical and experimental research, a liquid hydrocarbon molecular purification filter was developed. Energy storage of fuel and oil can be improved simultaneously. The sulfur compounds, asphalt components, even rust and other similar substances removed by the filter when purifying hydrocarbon fuels are determined by spectral research method. Using this filter device can improve the anti-wear performance of fuel by 30-50%; The friction coefficient decreased by12-16%; The carbon deposit at the piston end is reduced by 2-3 times, and the residual carbon value of engine oil is reduced by 10- 15%.
7. 1 1. Portable air humidity measuring instrument
Portable air humidity measuring instrument is a kind of sensor which outputs air humidity parameters in the form of capacitance, and it also includes capacitance digital converter and cable. The air hygrometer can effectively detect the humidity of air in houses and factories, and can also be used for humidity detection under technological conditions under the condition of observing the use restrictions of sensors.