Ancient India has a long history of medical knowledge. During the period of Halaba culture, the well-developed sanitary facilities, such as bathroom and drainage system, in Mohenjo Law Hero's residence showed that people paid more attention to keeping their bodies clean to prevent infectious diseases. Many drugs were also found at the scene, such as Trogopterori, a dark brown solution for treating indigestion, liver disease and rheumatism. Bird bone bending, external application can cure ear, eye, throat and skin diseases, and internal administration can stimulate appetite; Antelope horn, antler, coral and neem leaves can also be used as medicine. At that time, it was known that drilling holes in the skull to treat headaches and other diseases was a difficult brain surgery, indicating that the medical technology and equipment at that time had reached a fairly high level.
There are many records about disease treatment in Vedic literature. At that time, people attributed the causes of these diseases to ghosts and demons. During the treatment, priests would recite spells or use magic to drive away diseases, but there are also some medical records with scientific content in Vedic literature. For example, when treating patients, prescriptions made of various herbs have specific curative effects. Surgery can do laparotomy, amputation and other operations.