As we all know, Hayne's Law or the accident pyramid model, is one of the famous accident prevention theories . The law holds that behind 1 fatal serious injury accident, there are 29 light injury accidents, and behind 29 light injury accidents, there are 300 injury-free false alarms, as well as a large number of unsafe behaviors and unsafe states exist? . From this, we can easily see that in the early stage of the accident, due to the interaction of a variety of factors, the formation of the "accident pyramid" at the bottom of the unsafe behavior and unsafe state, such as the failure of its control, will gradually escalate to no harm to the false alarm events, and then produce a light injury accidents, until the serious injury and fatal accidents? . Therefore, in order to effectively curb the occurrence of various types of accidents, enterprises must integrate the concept of safety risk management into the traditional safety management, focusing on the signs of accidents, triggers and development trends, to build an early warning mechanism for accidents, to eliminate or weaken the foundation of the "accident pyramid" in a timely manner, to prevent the emergence of a systematic aggregation of risks or management failures. The main focus is to build an accident early warning mechanism from the signs, triggers and trends of accidents to eliminate or weaken the foundation of the "accident pyramid" in time and prevent systematic risk aggregation or management failure. The company's website has been updated with the latest information about the company's products and services.
Looking back at the current traditional safety management model, there are many defects, which can be roughly summarized as "threefold and three light": heavy hidden trouble investigation and remediation, light of all kinds of accident signs of collection and analysis; heavy dangerous accidents, events of passive remediation or punishment, light of preventive control measures and monitoring countermeasures; heavy accidents passive The response to accidents is passive, and the scale of response is determined according to the level of accident warning. Therefore, the traditional safety management model can not fundamentally eliminate the basis of the "accident pyramid", but also far from adapting to the people-oriented, safe development of the times, must be improved as soon as possible and change.
Perhaps some companies believe that the establishment of an accident early warning mechanism is a complex project, not only requires large investment and transformation, but also will bring institutions, personnel adjustments to the existing safety management system and mechanism to bring no small impact, and thus a lot of concern, unwilling or afraid to easily promote the implementation. In this regard, the author believes that enterprises facing the current high accident rate of the status quo, should be based on their respective realities and characteristics, to comply with the principle of simplicity, simplicity, through the integration of the existing management basis and resources, focusing on four aspects, and gradually establish an effective accident early warning mechanism, is completely practical and effective.
Colonizing the early warning elements, reconfiguring the functions and utility of the enterprise safety management organization.
Enterprises in the colonization of early warning mechanism in the process, should be on its original safety management institutions, functions, structure of certain reorganization and transformation, both to set up a new enterprise early warning management department, but also in the safety management department within the establishment of early warning group, is responsible for all kinds of accident signs (phenomenon) of early prevention and control, at the same time will be early warning analysis and early warning of the control of the relevant technology, management system At the same time, the technology and management system related to early warning analysis and early warning control are integrated into the enterprise safety management system. Define the function allocation and operation mode of the early warning system, improve the countermeasures and measures for crisis management of various types of accidents, and gradually establish an organizational system for enterprise safety supervision with new functions of early warning and pre-control.
Integration of hardware and software facilities to realize the interconnection of various types of accident information.
The implementation of the early warning mechanism requires the collection, transmission, processing, identification and release of various types of accident information, which requires a certain amount of software and hardware support. Therefore, on the one hand, enterprises should reasonably integrate and arrange all kinds of monitoring and control equipment or facilities on the production site, such as harmful gas alarms, liquid level monitors, temperature detectors, pressure indicators and other types of monitoring instruments, to realize the technical parameters of the process, mechanical and electrical equipment performance, personnel operating status and other types of accident signs of online monitoring? On the other hand, microcomputer data acquisition should be established. On the other hand, the microcomputer data collection and transmission system should be established, or the use of the enterprise's existing production and operation control records, reports, equipment inspection, inspection forms and other record-carrying vehicles, timely collection, storage, release of various types of accident information, the establishment of an accident information database, the realization of the various departments of the enterprise on the various types of accidents, interoperability, **** to enjoy the information? The company's information database has been established to realize the interoperability and *** enjoyment of all kinds of accident information by all departments. Such as enterprise functional departments every day or regularly can understand or grasp from the information base to process, equipment, personnel, environment and other aspects of the dynamic information and abnormal conditions.
Enhanced early warning analysis to determine the signs or trends of major accidents.
Early warning analysis is the foundation and important part of the establishment of early warning mechanism. Enterprises should make use of the software and hardware facilities of the early warning system to monitor all kinds of information in real time, and use a variety of hazard identification and safety evaluation methods to determine the signs of accidents and development trends that are highly dangerous and hazardous, and make an accurate analysis and quantitative description of their causes and development trends, and, on this basis, evaluate and judge the alert status of the production system, and then determine the level of the early warning response? The following are some examples of this. Such as on-site safety facilities, devices broken or malfunctioning, gas, acetylene and other flammable and explosive gas leakage, boilers and other important equipment, temperature, pressure, water level and other parameters of the abnormal fluctuations, holding high-temperature molten liquids package tank trunnion wear and tear of serious, human "three violations" and other signs of accidents, must be analyzed to determine the cause of the development trend, evaluation and judgment of the production system at this time in the state of alert? We must analyze the cause and development trend and evaluate the warning level and alarm level of the production system in order to make corresponding emergency response.
Development of a new system
Development of pre-control countermeasures to enhance the enterprise's ability to prevent and correct errors on the signs of accidents.
Enterprises should strengthen the management activities of special monitoring and control of the main accident signs (phenomena) identified by the early warning analysis . The main signs of accidents in addition to tracking and monitoring, but also to predict the severity of its future development and the possible outcome of the crisis, and the timely development of countermeasures and control measures, targeted corrective, corrective and rectification activities to prevent the expansion and spread of the signs of accidents, if necessary, should be immediately transferred to the crisis management of accidents, the start of the accident simulation of emergency response plan, the development of a well-conceived crisis response plan, the establishment of a leading group and the Emergency rescue system, to control and eliminate the critical state of accident signs, so as to enhance the enterprise's own ability to carry out accident signs management, trend management and crisis management. Such as in the pre-control countermeasures, enterprises have established and implemented the three-tier hidden danger investigation and rectification system, various types of accident emergency plans, plan drills and anti-accident drills, safety management programs and other preventive measures can be included in the scope of early warning and control countermeasures, and constantly improve and improve in practice. Another example is in the monitoring and treatment of gas leakage accident signs, should first be based on the location and flow of gas leakage, predicted that the leakage of gas may cause harm to the surrounding population, and may even evolve into a social public **** crisis events, and then determine the level of gas leakage pre-control and measures, such as reaching the stage of crisis management, should be immediately activated in the relevant plans, evacuate the crowd, cut off the gas mains, emergency rescue, minimize the disaster, and minimize the impact of the accident, and then immediately start the relevant plan, evacuation of the crowd, cut off the mains, emergency rescue. rescue, and minimize the degree of accidental disaster.
The establishment of an accident early warning mechanism can overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of traditional safety management, realize the monitoring, identification, diagnosis and evaluation of various types of accident signs, and according to the level of early warning, determine the level of response to the daily monitoring and control countermeasures to enhance the enterprise to deal with various types of accidents in the prevention, pre-emptive control capabilities, is the enterprise to practice the concept of human-centeredness, the implementation of the concept of safety and development of an important technical way.