Tunnel project emergency management program
(a) establish a sound organizational structure, clear division of responsibilities
In order to make the collapse prevention, anti-surge water, anti-surge mud and other emergency measures and programs for emergencies have been effectively implemented, the Ministry of the establishment of the project project project management of major events, emergency response leading group, a clear definition of the responsibilities of personnel at all levels. Tunnel team one and tunnel team two each organize a 80 people and 60 people of fast response emergency rescue team. The project department establishes a mechanism for responding to and dealing with major incidents, formulates a comprehensive emergency response plan for production safety accidents and incidents, disposes of programs on the construction site, equips with all the required emergency equipment and rescue materials, and organizes drills on a regular basis.
The project department first set up the following three anti-emergency plan implementation leading group:
1. Three anti-emergency plan implementation leading group:
Office located in the project office of the Ministry of Safety and Quality, by the Minister of Safety and Quality of the office as the office bearer, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the work, in the event of an accident report reported to the rescue team.
2. Three preventive emergency plan implementation leading group responsibilities:
Leading group is responsible for the development of the project department emergency plan, modification; the formation of emergency rescue professional team, the organization and implementation of the emergency plan; check and supervise the preventive measures for emergencies and emergency rescue preparatory work.
Leadership group division of labor
Team leader: organization and command of the project department of emergency rescue and plan development and implementation;
Deputy leader: to assist the commander-in-chief is responsible for the emergency rescue of the scene of the specific command;
Scheduling: responsible for the accident when the vehicle scheduling work, accident scene communication and contact with the outside world.
Security and quality minister: assist the commander-in-chief to do a good job in the accident alarm, information and accident disposal work;
Police station chief: responsible for fire extinguishing, alert, security, evacuation, road control work;
Materials minister: responsible for the supply of rescue materials and transportation work;
Equipment minister: assist the commander-in-chief is responsible for the scene of the command of the emergency rescue and repair work
Office Director: specialized in liaison work outside the cave.
Finance Minister: provide financial security for the rescue rear.
The captain of the digging team: according to the division of labor of the leading group, respectively responsible for the formation of the rescue and repair team, medical rescue team, volunteer firefighting team, and communication and security team, as well as education and training for them.
(2) Main Emergency Equipment and Material Reserve Table
Main Emergency Equipment and Material Reserve Table
Serial No. Name Unit Quantity Specification No. Where is it now Remarks
(3) Emergency Response
Emergency Rescue Action is a series of rescue and relief measures taken in an emergency situation for the purpose of rescuing people, evacuating and evacuating the site, mitigating the consequences of the accident and controlling the disaster. Disaster and a series of rescue assistance activities. Once the accident occurs, emergency resources should be mobilized and reasonably used in a timely manner, including human resources and material resources into action; at the scene of the accident, for the specific circumstances of the accident to choose the emergency response and action plan, so that timely and effective to make the damage and loss reduced to the lowest degree and the minimum range.
Special attention to things:
Priority principle of emergency rescue action:
A, the safety of employees and emergency rescue personnel is given priority;
B, preventing the spread of the accident is given priority;
C, protecting the environment is given priority.
If the accident is still further expanding and the lives of the people involved are threatened, but there is a great threat to the life of the rescue personnel to enter, then never blindly take rescue action to avoid further expansion of casualties. To take foolproof measures or programs to implement rescue operations.
1. Accident area
Accident site, the project manager or the safety authority to take the following actions:
(1) master the situation. Regardless of the situation at the scene, must grasp the situation are: the time and location of the accident; type, intensity; known direction of the hazard; accident scene casualties, the scene of the safety of the evacuation of personnel; whether or not the rescue activities; whether or not there is a fire or explosion accompanied by; the direction of the scene, the wind speed; the accident jeopardizes the possibility of the outside of the project.
(2) Reporting and notification. In grasping the accident situation, and judged or have found that the accident jeopardizes the outside of the project, should immediately report to the relevant units or departments: report the owner responsible for the project, report the direct leadership of the system; according to the severity of the accident and the urgency of the situation, according to the emergency level of the plan to issue an alarm.
(3) Organization of rescue and rescue. The most effective measure to stop the spread of hazards is to quickly eliminate the source of the accident and stop the expansion of the accident. At the same time, because the unit is most familiar with the performance of the accident facilities and equipment, know how to rescue, must be organized as soon as possible rescue and rescue. To quickly focus on the force and uninjured post workers, into the first rescue, including: rescue victims transferred to a safe area; stop equipment operation, fire, isolation of the danger zone, etc.; count the number of people withdrawn from the scene, the organization of the unit's personnel to evacuate the hazardous area; organization of the force to come to the emergency rescue team to create conditions.
2. Emergency Command Center
(1) Actions of the duty officer: record the basic situation reported by the accident area; notify all the personnel of the project department to arrive at the centralized location according to the provisions of the plan and stipulate the time limit; notify all the emergency rescue organizations to be ready for emergency response according to the crisis degree of the situation or according to the provisions of the plan.
(2) Emergency rescue working group action: according to the situation reported by the accident area, instruct the safety technicians to carry out hazard estimation; together with the expert advisory group to judge the situation, study the emergency action plan, and make recommendations to the commander-in-chief. Its main content is: the consequences of the accident hazards and the possible development of the trend of judgment, the level and scale of the emergency, the need to mobilize the power and its deployment, the public should take protective measures; according to the instructions of the commander-in-chief mobilize and command the emergency rescue group into action.
3. Emergency levels
The emergency level of this project is divided into three levels
The first level - early warning, the lowest level of emergency, can be controlled by the abnormal events or events that can be easily controlled.
Level II - On-site Emergency Response, an intermediate level of emergency response that does not exceed project boundaries. Outside personnel and property are generally unaffected by the incident. This level indicates an incident that is no longer or cannot be immediately controlled by personnel within the project and requires outside assistance (e.g., from fire, medical units).
Three Levels - Plenary Emergency, which is the most serious emergency situation, indicates that the incident has spread outside the project Depending on the type of incident and the potential impact on outside populations, a decision may be made to conduct a safe haven or evacuation. Support from medical and other agency personnel is also required.
(D) Emergency plans for various types of accidents
1. Emergency measures and contingency plans for collapse prevention
Collapse prevention
(1) The following regulations shall be complied with during the construction:
a. During excavation, when any special conditions are found, the construction shall be suspended in time, and only after they are dealt with shall the construction be continued.
b. Actively carry out monitoring and measuring work, timely feedback information to guide the construction.
(2) In the tunnel construction, strengthen the technical management, to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock and support, and do the following work to prevent the occurrence of landslides:
a. Comprehensive understanding of the geological situation provided by the design, and timely comparison with the actual site, to grasp the design intent.
b. Strengthen the geological forecasting work, and study and take corresponding countermeasures in time when abnormal situation is found in front of excavation.
c. Weak surrounding rocks, special geotechnical and adverse geologic areas, should take the correct excavation method and effective support means.
Collapse remediation
(1) Before dealing with the collapse, the following measures should be taken to strengthen the work of anti-drainage:
a. Ground subsidence and cracks should be filled with grouting and reinforced, or impermeable soil should be rammed and filled in tightly, and water cut-off ditches should be excavated to prevent surface water from seeping into the collapse.
b. Drainage should be dug around the surface through the mouth of the cave-in, set up rain shelters to cover the top of the cave-in, and backfill the cave-in in emergencies after the cave-in lining passes through the landslide, the backfill should be higher than the original ground level, and the mouth of the cave-in should be sealed to ensure good drainage.
c. When there is groundwater inside the collapse, use the pipe channel to lead to the drainage ditch to discharge, and when it is impossible to lead to the drainage, use the injection plugging water.
(2) the tunnel collapse of remediation:
a ﹑ after the occurrence of collapse, should be dealt with in a timely manner, shall not be delayed at will. Before processing, carefully observe the scope of the collapse, shape, the number of size and collapse of the geological condition of the body, the distribution of groundwater, activity, etc., analyze the cause of the collapse, research and designate the treatment program.
b ﹑ tunnel collapse should be based on the occurrence of the part, scale and geological conditions, take the "treatment of collapse first water treatment, treatment of collapse first strengthen" principle, take support, grouting, pipe shed, strengthen the second lining, set up the arch protection and other technical measures, do not miss the opportunity to deal with no hidden problems.
(3) soil type of landslide treatment should be in line with the following provisions:
a ﹑ tunnel collapse should not be used to deal with slag clearing.
b, after the collapse, can be used to grouting and pipe shed processing methods, grouting depending on the size of the soil particles in the collapse body were taken to infiltration grouting or splitting grouting.
(4) after the collapse treatment, in order to prevent its recurrence, tunnel excavation and support should meet the following requirements:
a, in the scope of the collapse, should be in strict accordance with the "tube ahead of the disturbance, short footage, frame close to the strong support" principle of organization and construction.
b, excavation, it is appropriate to use the step method or part of the excavation method, excavation footage control between 0.5 ~ 1.0m, after excavation, timely support.
c, the lining of the collapsed section, depending on the size of the collapse and the geological situation, the use of reinforced concrete or steel frame concrete to be strengthened. After the lining is completed, the arch protection and backfill should be applied in time. Behind the lining, should be taken to fill the grouting treatment.
2, anti-surge water, sudden mud emergency measures and emergency plan
Surge water countermeasures are roughly two types, that is, to remove the surge of water (drainage method) and stop the surge of water (stopping method), in fact, drainage and stopping the water often can not be separated, so we use a combination of drainage and stopping the water to solve the problem of surge water and sudden mud.
Preventive measures
In order to prevent water and mud gushing during tunnel excavation, measures such as reinforcing and stopping water must be carried out for the strata where water and mud gushing are expected to occur during construction.
The excavation of the possible emergence of water gushing situation is shown in the table below.
Surge of water in the excavation may occur in the table
Cause or environment direct role in the expected phenomena and effects
Infiltration of water soft rock softening;
Promotion of fracture zones, fissure stripping;
Expansion of the clay;
Fluidization of the cohesion of non-cohesive surrounding rock soil pressure increases;
The causative factor of the collapse of the side wall;
The
Water absorption and expansion, perimeter rock rheology;
Perimeter rock collapse, loss of stability
Proximity to the surge zone water barrier wall destruction palm face perimeter rock collapse, loss, pit buried
Concentrated surge of water flow rate is high, the depth of water is high burying the palm face equipment, hazardous, stopping the construction
Continuation of the outflow of groundwater Groundwater level is lowered Water depletion, the water table, the impact of the Surface residents drinking spring water.
Emergency measures: once the surge of water, sudden mud will produce the surrounding rock instability, rheological phenomenon, especially to take the following preventive measures and measures, see the table below:
Only using water stopping methods, to achieve the effect of completely stopping the water is impossible, but also to strengthen the drainage work: the use of multi-stage pumping station relay drainage through φ200mm steel pipe discharged out of the hole step by step, the drainage capacity is equipped with incremental, the incremental rate of 20%. The incremental rate is 20%. In addition to the mobile pumping station and standby pumps, under normal circumstances, the palm surface using electric submersible pump drainage, in case of large gush of water, the mobile pumping station and standby pumps to move to the palm surface drainage, pumps at all levels of the pumping station all start.
3. Emergency measures and contingency plans for fire accidents
The goal of emergency rescue in fire accidents is to minimize the consequences of the accidents, including casualties, property losses and environmental damage through effective emergency rescue actions, etc. The basic tasks of emergency rescue in fire accidents are as follows:
1) Immediately report to the police
When receiving information about the occurrence of a Fire information, should determine the type and size of the fire, and immediately report to the fire command system, the fire command system to start the emergency plan, the command team should quickly report 119 fire alarm phone, and timely report to higher levels of leadership, to facilitate timely fighting and disposal of fire accidents.
2) organization to fight the fire:
When the construction site fire, emergency preparedness and the corresponding construction team in addition to timely alarm, and to immediately organize the base or construction site volunteer fire department and workers to fight the fire, volunteer fire department to choose the appropriate equipment to fight the fire, to fight the fire, according to the "first to control, and then extinguish the fire, to save the people over fire, the first focus on after the general" fire fighting tactics, principles, send people to cut off the power supply, and the fire fighting tactics, principles, send people to cut off the power supply, and to cut off the power supply. Tactics, principles, sent to cut off the power supply, connected to the fire pump, organizations to rescue the injured, isolation of fire hazards and key materials, make full use of the project's fire fighting facilities and equipment to extinguish the fire. Burning clothes on the injured is difficult to take off for a moment, you can let the injured lying on the ground rolling, or water sprinkler to extinguish the flames.
3) personnel evacuation to reduce casualties when the expansion of the key, but also the most thorough emergency accordingly. In the site layout drawing on the evacuation channel, once the fire and other accidents, the personnel can be evacuated to the safe zone according to the evacuation channel shown.
4) assist the public security fire department to extinguish the fire. The liaison group calls 119, 120 for help and sends someone to the intersection to meet them. When the professional fire department arrived at the fire scene. Members of the fire emergency response team should briefly explain the fire situation to the person in charge of the fire department, and fully assist the firefighters to extinguish the fire, follow the command of the professional fire department, and work together to **** with the extinguishing of the fire.
5) site protection. When the fire occurred and extinguished, the command team should be sent to protect the scene, maintain the scene order, waiting for the cause of the accident and the responsible person to investigate. At the same time should immediately take the aftermath of the work, timely clean up the garbage caused by the fire as well as take other effective measures to minimize the pollution caused by the fire accident on the environment.
6) fire accident investigation and disposal. In accordance with the provisions of the accident, incident investigation and handling procedures, the fire report should be timely according to the "four don't let go" principle of investigation and handling. After the accident to analyze the causes, prepare an investigation report, take corrective and preventive measures, is responsible for the evaluation of the plan and improve the plan. Report on the occurrence of fire emergency preparedness and response command team to report to the group company in a timely manner.
7) Organize to fight the fire. When the base or construction site fire, the command team should immediately organize volunteer firefighters and employees, to make full use of the fire fighting facilities and equipment in the construction site, in accordance with the "first control, and then extinguish the fire; save the people more important than the fire; the first focus on after the general" fire tactics principles for fighting. And send people to cut off the power supply in time, connect the fire pump power supply, organization rescue casualties, isolation of fire hazards and important crisis
4, fall from height accident emergency measures and emergency plans
1) quickly remove the casualty from the hazardous site, move to a safe area.
2) Effectively stop bleeding and bandage the wound.
3) Keep the respiratory tract open, if found suffocated, should be promptly relieved of its respiratory tract obstruction and respiratory dysfunction, should immediately untie the casualty's collar, eliminate the casualty's mouth, nose, pharynx, throat of the foreign body, blood clots, secretions, vomit and so on.
4) To prevent infection and relieve pain, antibiotics and painkillers can be given to the casualty.
5) Casualties with fractures, joint injuries, limb crush injuries, and large soft tissue injuries should be immobilized.
6) Depending on their injuries to take the alarm directly to the hospital, or to wait for a simple treatment to go to the hospital for examination.
7) If the casualty has a broken limb should be the most clean cloth (sterilized dressing) wrapped in a plastic bag, with the casualty together with the transfer.
8) record injuries, on-site ambulance personnel should be rescued while recording the casualty's injury mechanism, injured parts, the degree of injury and other first-hand information.
9) dial 120 to the local emergency center to get in touch (hospitals in the vicinity of the direct hospital>, should be detailed to say the name of the accident location, the severity of the department's contact phone number, the well sent to the intersection of the reception.
10) Project Department received a report, should immediately rush to the scene at the first time, to understand and grasp the accident, to carry out rescue and maintenance of order at the scene, to protect the scene of the accident.
5, electrocution accident emergency measures and emergency plans
1) electrocution first aid point of action quickly, rescue method, do not panic, helpless. To implement the "rapid, on the spot, correct, adhere to" the first aid of electric shock eight guidelines. Found someone electrocuted, first of all to heart quickly make the electrocuted from the power supply, and then according to the specific symptoms of the electrocuted to the symptomatic rescue.
2) from the power supply of the basic methods are:
a. Will be in trouble near the power switch gate knife pull off, or will be unplugged, in order to cut off the power supply.
b. Use dry insulated sticks, bamboo poles, cloth bags and other special power first from the electrocution of the body or the electrocution of the electrocution of the person away from the power supply.
c. If necessary, use insulated tools (or electrician's pliers with insulated handles, wooden axes and hoes) to cut the power line.
d. The rescuer can put on gloves or wrap dry clothes, scarves, hats and other insulated items on the hands to drag the electrocuted person, so that it is away from the power source.
e. If the electrocuted person is entangled in the body due to the spasm of the finger wires, the rescuer will first use a dry board to stuff the electrocuted person under the body to insulate him/her from the ground current, and then take other ways to cut off the power.
f. If the electrocuted person touches the live high-voltage conductor broken on the ground, and has not yet confirmed that the line is not electrified, the rescuer shall not enter the range of 8-10m from the point of breakage, in order to prevent electrocution by step voltage. Into the scope of the rescue personnel should wear insulated boots or temporary feet together jump close to the electrocuted. After the electrocuted person is detached from the electrified conductor, it should be quickly brought to 8-10m away from the immediate start of electrocution first aid. Only after confirming that the line has been no electricity, only in the electrocution of the electrocuted person off the electrocuted conductor first aid on the spot.
3) in the electrocuted person from the power supply should pay attention to the matters:
a. Not to take insulation measures, the rescuer shall not directly touch the electrocuted person's skin and wet clothes.
b. It is strictly prohibited for the rescuer to push, pull and touch the electrocuted person directly by hand, and the rescuer shall not use metal or other objects with poor insulating properties (such as wet sticks, cloth tape, etc.) as rescue tools.
c. In the process of pulling and tugging the electrocuted person away from the power source, it is advisable for the rescuer to operate with one hand, which is safer for the rescuer.
d. When the electrocuted person is located in a high position, measures should be taken to prevent the electrocuted person from falling to the ground and dying after being disconnected from the power source (secondary injury from electric shock).
e.When electrocution occurs at night, consideration should be given to temporary lighting after cutting off the power supply to facilitate rescue.
4) the electrocuted person has not lost consciousness rescue measures:
Should let the rescuer in a relatively dry, ventilated and warm place lying down to rest, and send someone to closely observe, at the same time, ask the doctor to come or sent to the hospital for treatment.
5) electrocution has been unconscious but still have a heartbeat and breathing rescue, do not surrounded by people, to maintain air circulation, cold days should pay attention to warmth, while immediately ask the doctor to come or send to the hospital. If the electrocuted person is found to be breathing difficulties or cardiac arrhythmia, should be immediately artificial respiration and extrathoracic cardiac compression.
6) first aid measures for "false death":
When the electrocuted person's breathing and heartbeat stops, the person should be resuscitated immediately according to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
a. Open the airway. First, remove foreign objects from the mouth. Make the electrocuted person lie on his back in a flat hard place quickly unlock his collar button, scarf, tight clothes and pants. If the electrocuted person is found to have food, dentures, blood clots and other foreign objects in the mouth, turn his body and head sideways at the same time, and quickly insert a finger or two fingers crosswise from the corner of the mouth to take out the foreign objects from the mouth, and pay attention to preventing foreign objects from being pushed to the depth of the throat during the operation. Second, the airway is opened by tilting the head and lifting the cheeks. Operation, rescue with one hand on the forehead of the electrocuted person, the fingers of the other hand will be lifted up its chin and jawbone, the two hands collaborate to push the head backward, the root of the tongue naturally followed by lifting, the airway can be unobstructed. In order to make the electrocuted person's head tilt back, can be in its neck under the pad amount of thickness of the object, but is strictly prohibited to use pillows or other objects in the electrocuted person's head under the cushion.
b. Mouth-to-mouth (nose) artificial respiration. Make the patient lie on his back, unbuttoned and unbuckled, remove phlegm, vomit, blood clots, mud, etc., to keep the airway open. The rescuer will lift up the injured person's jaw with one hand, so that his/her head is tilted back as far as possible, and pinch the injured person's nostrils with the other hand, take a deep breath, and blow hard into the injured person's mouth, and then leave the injured person's mouth immediately, and at the same time, let go of the hand that pinches his/her nostrils. The blowing force should be moderate, and the number of times should be 16-18 times per minute.
c. Chest cardiac compression: lay the injured person on the ground or on a hardboard bed, the rescuer kneels or kneels on the side of the injured person, faces the injured person, puts the palm of the right hand on the lower part of the injured person's sternum and presses it backward toward the spine, then relaxes the wrist, and squeezes it 60-80 times per minute. When extrathoracic cardiac compression is performed, it is advisable to lower the head of the injured person to facilitate venous blood return. If the injured person is accompanied by respiratory arrest, then chest compressions should be performed, and artificial respiration should also be carried out. Generally, four chest compressions and one artificial respiration.
5, sudden accidental injury emergency measures and emergency plan
In order to make the most effective way to rescue trapped people or self-help in the event of an emergency, while as far as possible not to expand the accident, minimize economic losses, in the case of sudden accidental injuries should be done:
1) in the event of sudden accidental injuries, should immediately organize Medical personnel to rescue the injured, according to the actual situation to take appropriate measures;
2) for minor injuries should be immediately carried out simple bleeding, bandaging and other treatments, and then immediately send a special person and a special car sent to the designated hospital for further treatment;
3) serious injuries after the accident, the first observation of the injury, the part of the body, such as the occurrence of shock, it should be carried out on-site first aid first. Encounter respiratory and cardiac arrest, should immediately use artificial respiration, chest heart extrusion method for on-site first aid. And immediately call 120 phone, request social assistance, send someone to the intersection to pick up the car.
The above emergency management plan for tunneling projects is collected and organized by Zhongda Consulting
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