There are many equipments required for raising pigs. The main equipment includes feed and water supply equipment, manure cleaning equipment, lighting and temperature control equipment, ventilation equipment, farrowing beds, cultivation beds, immune disinfection equipment, etc.
When selecting equipment, you should follow the principles of being economical and practical, sturdy and durable, easy to manage, reasonably designed, and consistent with hygiene and epidemic prevention requirements. With the continuous advancement of engineering technology in the factory-based pig raising industry, my country has initially formed a number of series of factory-based pig raising supporting equipment, laying the foundation for promoting the industrialization process of my country's pig raising industry and improving the level of pig raising production.
1. Pig Pen
The pig pen is the basic production unit of a modern pig farm. Different feeding methods and pig types require different forms of pig pens.
According to the group of pigs raised, pig pens can be divided into boar pens, breeding pens, sow pens, gestation pens, farrowing pens, nursery pens, finishing pens, etc.
According to the number of animals raised in the pen, it can be divided into single pen and group pen.
According to the location and structure of the manure area, it can be divided into ground scraping pig pens, partially slatted floor pig pens, fully slatted floor pig pens, front manure pig pens, and side manure pig pens.
According to the structural form, it can be divided into solid pig pens, fence pig pens, comprehensive pig pens, prefabricated pig pens, etc.
(1) Boar pens and breeding pens
Boar pens are mainly used to raise boars, usually in single pens, arranged in single or double rows. In the past, the boar pen and the breeding pen were generally combined into one, that is, the boar pen was used instead of the breeding pen. However, since the sows are not positioned during breeding, the operation is inconvenient, and there is a lot of interference to other boars during breeding, so it is necessary to design a separate breeding pen.
(2) Sow stalls
There are three types of commonly used sow stalls:
① Single stalls are used for the entire emptying and gestation periods of sows. Bit feeding. Its characteristics are that each pig occupies a small area, and feeding, observation, and management are more convenient. Sows will not cause abortion due to collision. However, the activities of sows are restricted and the amount of exercise is less, which has a certain impact on sow delivery.
② Sows are raised in group pens throughout the pregnancy and pregnancy periods, usually 3 to 5 animals per pen. It overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient activity of sows raised in single stalls, but it is prone to abortions caused by fighting or collisions between sows.
③ During the empty pregnancy period and early pregnancy, sows are raised in group stalls, and in the late pregnancy sows are raised in single stalls with limited space.
(3) Farrowing pen
Also called farrowing pen. Among pig farms, farrowing stalls have the highest requirements.
(4) Piglet nursery pen
The piglet nursery pen is also one of the most demanding piglet equipment. Piglet nursery pens are mostly raised on high beds with fully slatted floors. The pig pens use all-metal fences, equipped with plastic or cast iron slatted floors, automatic feeding troughs and automatic drinking fountains.
(5) Finishing and fattening pig pens
In actual production, in order to save investment, the finishing and fattening pens used are relatively simple, often using all-metal pens or brick wall partitions, metal Bar gate.
2. Slatted floors
In modern pig production, in order to maintain hygiene in the pig farm, improve the environment, and reduce cleaning, it is commonly used to lay slatted floors on manure ditches.
Requirements for slatted floors: corrosion resistance, no deformation, flat surface, non-slip, low thermal conductivity, strong and durable, good fecal leakage effect, easy to wash and disinfect. The width of the floor gap must be suitable for pigs of all ages to walk and stand without getting stuck in the pig's trotters.
Commonly used slatted floors include: cement concrete slabs, steel braided mesh, welded mesh and other metal braided mesh floors, engineering plastic floors, cast iron, ceramic floors, etc.
(1) Cement concrete slatted floor
Cement concrete slatted floor is most commonly used in breeding gestation houses and finishing houses, and can be made into plates or strips. This kind of floor is low-cost, strong and durable, but has strict requirements on the manufacturing process, and the cement markings must comply with the design drawings.
(2) Metal slatted floor
Metal slatted floor can be made of metal strips arranged and welded, or metal strips can be woven into a mesh.
Because the gaps account for a large proportion, the feces and urine fall smoothly, the gaps are not easy to block, and there is no slipping. The pen is clean and dry. It is commonly used in intensive pig production. ,
(3) Plastic slatted floor
Plastic slatted floor is made of engineering plastic molding, which is easy to disassemble and assemble, light in weight, corrosion-resistant, strong and durable, and is more durable than concrete and metal. It is warmer than slate floors, but easily slippery, and heavy pigs may move unsteadily. It is suitable for the floor of piglet nursery pens or the floor of piglet activity areas in farrowing and lactation pens.
(4) Temperature-controlled floor
The temperature-controlled floor is a flat plate with a heat exchanger as the skeleton and made of cement-based materials that is easy to move and transport. It is equipped with a water inlet. Connect the water outlet to the water supply pipe.
3. Feeding equipment
In pig production, feed cost accounts for about 50-70%, and feeding workload accounts for about 30-40%. Therefore, feeding equipment plays an important role in improving feed quality. It has a great impact on utilization rate, reducing labor intensity and improving economic benefits of pig farms.
Manual feeding equipment is relatively simple, mainly including feeding trucks and troughs.
The automatic feeding system consists of a storage tower, feed conveyor, conveying pipeline, automatic feeding equipment, metering equipment, trough, etc.
IV. Drinking equipment
There are many types of automatic drinking fountains for pigs, mainly including duckbill type, nipple type, sucking type and cup type, etc., and there are many kinds of each type. Structural form.
The duckbill-type pig automatic waterer is the most commonly used drinking equipment in large-scale pig farms.
The nipple-type pig automatic waterer consists of three parts: a shell, a push rod and a steel ball.
The sucking pig automatic waterer consists of three parts: a top rod, a steel ball, and a shell.
The structure of the water supply part of the cup-type pig automatic drinking fountain is roughly the same as that of the duckbill type. The cup body is usually made of cast iron, or it can also be stamped and formed with engineering plastics or steel plates (surface sprayed with plastic).
5. Manure cleaning equipment
Commonly used manure cleaning machines include chain scraper manure cleaners, reciprocating manure scraper cleaning machines, etc.
(1) Chain scraper manure cleaner
The chain scraper manure cleaner consists of a chain scraper, a driving device, a guide wheel and a tensioning device. This method is not suitable for cleaning feces in farrowing houses and breeding houses raised on high beds.
The main disadvantage of the chain scraper is that the inclined elevator is usually outside the house and is prone to freezing in northern winter. Therefore, in the northern region, incline elevators cannot be used in winter, and manure should be manually loaded and transported to the manure collection site.
(2) Reciprocating scraper manure cleaner
The reciprocating scraper manure cleaner consists of a carriage with a manure scraper (a small carriage equipped with rollers on both sides and bottom). Pulley), transmission device, tensioning mechanism and wire rope.
6. Pig house environmental control
Pig house environmental control mainly refers to the control of heating, cooling, ventilation and air quality in the pig house, which needs to be met by configuring corresponding environmental control equipment. various environmental requirements.
The commonly used heating methods in pig farms mainly include hot water heating systems, hot air heating systems and local heating systems.
Most parts of our country have hot summers, and some effective heatstroke prevention and cooling measures need to be taken in pig houses. In addition to the reasonable design of pig houses and the use of shading, greening, etc. to weaken solar radiation and reduce the harm of high temperature to a certain extent, the ideal cooling effect can be achieved by taking ventilation cooling, wet pad fan evaporative cooling, spray cooling and other measures. . For the positioning and feeding process of pigs, dripping water cooling is also an economical and effective cooling method. In addition, some pipes are laid under the floor of the pig house lying area to allow cold air or cold water or other cold sources to pass through, so as to reduce the local floor temperature and achieve the purpose of cooling.
Pig house ventilation can have a cooling effect on the one hand; on the other hand, it can introduce fresh air outside the house through air exchange inside and outside the house, and eliminate dirty air and excess water vapor inside the house to improve the air environment inside the house. quality and maintain appropriate relative humidity.
When ventilating pig houses, you should pay attention to:
① Mechanical ventilation in summer can have a cooling effect to a certain extent, but too high air flow speed will cause air flow and The friction between pig body surfaces makes pigs feel uncomfortable.
Therefore, the wind speed of mechanical ventilation in pig houses in summer should not exceed 2m/s;
② Pig house ventilation generally requires fans with larger ventilation volume and smaller pressure, and axial flow fans should be used; ③ Winter Ventilation must be carried out while maintaining a moderate indoor temperature, and the air flow must be stable and even, without causing "wind" or dead ends.
7. Other equipment
The pig farm also has some supporting equipment: backfat tester, pregnancy detector, mobile electronic scale, model pig, ear size pliers and electronic identification ear tags , Tail cutter. Piglet transfer vehicles, as well as flame sterilizers for pig house disinfection, veterinary tools, etc.