What is the Internet of Things? What is the difference with sensor network?

Sensor network Sensor network Definition: A wireless network of randomly distributed tiny nodes integrated with sensors, data processing units and communication units, constituted by self-organization. Function: Measurement of thermal, infrared, sonar, radar and seismic signals in the surrounding environment with the help of built-in sensors in the nodes, so as to detect material phenomena including temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil composition, size, speed and direction of moving objects. Computer network technology represented by the Internet is a great achievement of computer science in the twentieth century, which has brought profound changes to our lives, however, at present, the network function is more powerful, the network world is more rich, but also ultimately is virtual, it is still separated from the real world we live in, in the network world, it is difficult to perceive the real world, a lot of things are still impossible, the times call for a new The era calls for new network technology. Sensor network is in such a background should come into being a new network technology, it is a combination of sensors, low-power, communication and microelectromechanical and other technologies, it can be foreseen that in the near future, the sensor network will bring revolutionary changes to our way of life. Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor network technology is a typical cross-disciplinary nature of the dual-use strategic high technology, can be widely used in the GF military, national security, environmental science, traffic management, disaster prediction, medical and health care, manufacturing, urban information construction and other fields. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of many wireless sensor nodes with the same or different functions, and each sensor node consists of a data acquisition module (sensors, A/D converters), a data processing and control module (microprocessor, memory), a communication module (wireless transceiver), and a power supply module (batteries, DC/AC energy converters). The recent development of micro-electro-mechanical processing (MEMS) technology provides the possibility of miniaturization of sensors, the development of microprocessor technology promotes the intelligence of sensors, and the fusion of wireless sensors and their networks is facilitated through the integration of MEMS technology and radio frequency (RF) communication technology. Traditional sensors are gradually realizing miniaturization, intelligence, informationization, networking, and are undergoing a development process of continuous enrichment of the connotation from traditional sensors (Dumb Sensor) → intelligent sensors (Smart Sensor) → Embedded Web Sensor (Embedded Web Sensor). Internationally more representative and influential wireless sensor network utility and research and development projects are Remote Battlefield Sensor System (Remote Battlefield Sensor System, referred to as REMBASS - Lombard), Network Center Warfare (NCW) and dexterity sensor network (SSW)), smart dust (smart dust), Intel? Mote, Smart-Its project, SensIT, SeaWeb, Habitat Monitoring project, UK National Grid, and so on. In particular, this year's successful pilot production of the latest low-cost U.S. Army "Wolf Pack" ground wireless sensor network marks the latest breakthrough in the field of electronic warfare technology and tactics. Ohio is developing a "straight line in the sand" (A Line intheSand) wireless sensor network system. This system is able to scatter electronic tripwires (tripwires) to any place in order to detect the movement of high metal content targets. Civilian, the United States, Japan and other developed countries in the continuous research and development of the technology on the basis of the application in a number of fields. Intel and the University of California, Berkeley are leading research efforts in microdust technology. They have succeeded in creating full-featured sensors the size of a bottle cap that can perform functions such as computation, detection, and communication. 2002, Intel Research Labs researchers connected 32 sensors the size of prescription bottles to the Internet in order to read the climate on Maine's "Great Duck Island" and evaluate the conditions of a petrel's nest. In the second quarter of 2003, they switched to 150 second-generation sensors with D-type microbatteries to assess conditions at these nests. Their goal is to enable researchers around the world to achieve non-invasive and non-destructive monitoring of sensitive wildlife and their habitats. The company has developed a wireless sensor network system for home care. According to the demonstration, the pilot system helps the elderly, Alzheimer's patients, and people with disabilities in their homes by embedding semiconductor sensors in shoes, furniture, and home appliances. The system utilizes wireless communications to network the sensors to efficiently transmit necessary information, thereby facilitating patient care and reducing the burden on caregivers. The wireless sensor network system was researched and completed by Intel over the course of a year in cooperation with the families of Alzheimer's disease patients, and was put on trial in the second half of 2004. Hitachi, Ltd. and the YRP Ubiquitous Networking Research Institute announced on November 24, 2004 the development of the world's smallest sensor network terminal. The terminal is a battery-installed active wireless terminal that can be equipped with various sensors such as temperature, brightness, infrared, and acceleration. It is expected to be applied to wireless sensors in buildings and homes as well as security management. Mitsubishi Electric has developed a small, low-power wireless module designed for sensor networks. Can use specific low-power wireless construction peer-to-peer (Ad-hoc) network. The goal is to replace the current use of private lines constructed home security network, plans to 2005 ~ 2006 to reach the practical level. Specifically, with infrared sensors to detect the presence of people, with acceleration sensors to detect vibration of window panes and furniture, with magnetic sensors to detect the opening and closing of doors, and so on. In San Francisco, 200 networked motes have been deployed on the Golden Gate Bridge. These motes are used to determine how far the bridge swings from one side to the other-which can be as accurate as a few feet in strong winds. When the duster detects the distance traveled, it passes that information through a network of microcomputers. The information eventually reaches a more powerful computer for data analysis. Any anomalous readings that don't match current weather conditions could signal a hidden danger at the bridge. China's modern sense of wireless sensor network and its application research almost synchronized with the developed countries to start in 1999 for the first time formally appeared in the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Knowledge Innovation Engineering Pilot Field Direction Research" in the field of information and automation research report, as one of the five major projects put forward in this field. With the deepening of the pilot work of knowledge innovation project, in 2001, CAS relied on the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems (SIMS) to set up the Center for Microsystems Research and Development (CMSRD) to lead the related work within the institute, and through the center in the direction of the wireless sensor network has deployed a number of major research projects and directional projects, the participating units include the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems (SIMS), the Institute of acoustics (Ioac), the Institute of Microelectronics (IOM), the Institute of semiconductors (IoSE), the Institute of electronics (IE), the Institute of Software (IS), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CUST), etc. More than ten schools and institutes have initially established a research platform for sensing network system, and made great progress in wireless intelligent sensing network communication technology, micro-sensors, sensor nodes, clusters and application systems, etc. In September 2004, the relevant results were demonstrated in a large-scale field in Beijing, and some of the results have been used in actual engineering systems. Many domestic universities have also set off a research boom in wireless sensor networks. Tsinghua University, University of Science and Technology of China, Zhejiang University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Northeastern University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Shenyang University of Science and Technology and Shanghai Jiaotong University and other units have carried out basic research work on wireless sensor networks. Some enterprises such as ZTE Corporation and other units have also joined the ranks of wireless sensor network research. Sensor networks in civilian use, involving urban public **** security, public **** health, safety production, intelligent transportation, smart home, environmental monitoring and other fields. Domestic large enterprises engaged in the application of sensor network is currently a small number of small enterprises show a momentum of vigorous development. Beijing Dingtian Software Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the construction of urban public **** safety emergency command system, has undertaken Yangzhou e-government and Yangzhou emergency command system. Shanghai Electric Science and Technology Research Institute is mainly engaged in intelligent transportation projects, has undertaken Shanghai inner and outer ring intelligent transportation projects. Jiaxing Zhongke Wireless Sensor Network Technology Co., Ltd. has a good technical background in digital waterways, urban emergency response systems, airport monitoring, etc., and related projects are underway. Shenyang Neusoft, Beida Qingbird, Yiyang Xintong and other enterprises are also involved in sensor network applications, currently mainly in e-government, is to the public **** security emergency command system. Internet of Things The so-called "Internet of Things" (Internet of Things), refers to a variety of information sensing equipment, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices [1], infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other devices and the Internet combined to form a huge network. Its purpose is to connect all items to the network for easy identification and management. The Internet of Things is built using ubiquitous network technologies. One of the very important technologies is RFID tag technology. Take the simple RFID system as the foundation, combines the existing network technology, the database technology, the middleware technology and so on, constructs one by the large number of networked reader and the countless mobile label composition, than the Internet is more huge the Internet of things becomes the RFID technology development trend. In this network, the system can automatically, real-time object identification, localization, tracking, monitoring and triggering the corresponding events. The Internet of Things, also known as the "sensor network", the Internet as a representative of the computer network technology is the twentieth century, a great achievement of computer science, which has brought about profound changes in our lives, however, at present, the network is even more powerful, the network world is even richer, but also ultimately is virtual, it is still separated from the real world in which we live. In the network world, it is difficult to perceive the real world, many things are still impossible, the times call for new network technology. Wireless sensor network is a new network technology that came into being in such a background, which synthesizes the sensor, low power, communication and microelectromechanical technologies, etc. It can be foreseen that, in the near future, the wireless sensor network will bring a revolutionary change to our way of life. Definition: Randomly distributed tiny nodes integrated with sensors, data processing units and communication units, through the self-organization of the wireless network. English name: Wireless Sensor Networks; Abbreviation: WSN Function: With the help of built-in sensors in the nodes to measure the thermal, infrared, sonar, radar and seismic signals in the surrounding environment, so as to detect material phenomena, including temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil composition, the size of the moving object, speed and direction. At present, the more formative distributed network integration framework is the EPC network proposed by EPCglobal. EPC network is mainly for the logistics field, its purpose is to increase the supply chain visibility (visibility) and controllability (control), so that the entire logistics field can use RFID technology to obtain greater economic benefits. The key technologies of EPC network include: EPC code: the length of 64-bit, 96-bit and 256-bit ID code, for cost considerations are now mainly used in the 64-bit and 96-bit two kinds of code, the EPC code is divided into four fields, respectively: ① header, identifying the version number of the code, which allows the electronic product code using different lengths and types; ② product managers, such as product manufacturers; ③ the product belongs to the commodity category; ③ the product belongs to the product category; ③ the product belongs to the product category; ④ the product is not a product, but the product is a product of a product. ; ③ the commodity class to which the product belongs; ④ the unique number of the individual product. Savant, the middleware between readers and enterprise applications, provides a range of computational functions for enterprise applications. Its primary task is to reduce the amount of data transmitted from the reader to the enterprise application, the reader reads the label data for filtering, pooling, computing and other operations, while Savant also provides interoperability with ONS, PML server, other Savant. Object name service, similar to the domain name server DNS, ONS provides the EPC code will be resolved into a URLs or a group of URLs service, through the URLs can be obtained with the EPC-related products for further information. Information services that store product-related information in PML format, which can be retrieved by other applications and returned in PML format. The stored information can be divided into two main categories, one is time-related historical event records, such as the original RFID reading event (recording when the tag was read and by which reader), high-level activity records such as transaction events (recording the tags involved in the transaction), etc.; the other is the product intrinsic attributes of the information, such as the product production time, the time of expiration, the volume, the color, and so on. The Physical Markup Language, PML, which is extended from XML, is regarded as a unified standard for describing all natural objects, processes and environments. In EPC networks, all information about goods is described in Physical Markup Language, PML, which is the standard format for information storage and exchange in EPC networks.