Craft is the mother of arts such as painting, sculpture and calligraphy. Craft has a wide range and many varieties, and there are usually two ways to categorize it. One is to divide it into two categories of daily craft and display craft: the former refers to the daily necessities of life after decorative processing, such as flower cloth, tea sets, tableware, lamps, embroidered fabrics, woven fabrics, furniture, etc.; the latter refers to the ornamental display, such as ivory carvings, silk flowers, straw stickers, silver and gold jewelry, decorative walls, and so on. Another is from the perspective of production characteristics and art forms, the craft is divided into four categories: traditional crafts, modern crafts, decorative arts, folk crafts. Craft production, often due to the historical period, geographic environment, economic conditions, cultural and technical level, national habits and aesthetic concepts of different times and show different styles, national styles and regional characteristics.
Craft is the abbreviation of arts and crafts. It usually refers to the practical art of daily life products and decorations with obvious aesthetic factors in the external form after artistic treatment. It is premised on the existence of "craft" and "art". Craft refers to the work, method and technique of making materials or semi-finished products into finished products through artistic processing; fine art refers to the art of shaping visible flat or three-dimensional images with certain material materials, so that people can enjoy them visually; and arts and crafts refers to the art of making various objects with the methods and techniques of artistic design and color decoration. Crafts originated at the time when mankind began to make tools, and is a direct evidence of the origin of mankind. Marx pointed out in Capital, "Crafts reveal the dynamic relationship of man to nature, the direct production process of man's life, and the direct production process of man's social conditions of life and the spiritual concepts that result from them." Craft is mostly created directly by the working people and is one of the basic forms of artistic creation by the people. As a kind of art, it was formed only after it was separated from handicraft production and became an independent sector, as Gorky said in On Literature, "The founders of art were potters, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, male and female weavers, painters, male and female tailors, and, in general, craftsmen, whose delicate works delight our eyes and which fill the museums. " It can be seen that the craft is a beautifying skill activity of modeling and decorating handmade products, and it is a craft culture that has been formed in history in direct connection with material production.
What is included in craft equipment. 5 points
Process equipment is the reactors, towers, heat exchangers, vessels, heating furnaces, machines and pumps needed to realize the process.
Generally speaking, work equipment is something exclusive to a certain product. For example, within the stamping shop, the mold belongs to the tooling (molds can only produce the corresponding stamping parts), the hydraulic press belongs to the equipment (hydraulic presses can be filled with different molds to produce); welding fixtures belong to the tooling (welding fixtures can only be used specifically for a certain welding assembly), the welding tongs belong to the equipment (welding tongs can be used as long as they are suitable, all of them can be used).
The fixture is a kind of tooling, not only for welding, but also useful in machining, many times, the need to assemble several parts and ensure their positioning is accurate when needed.
The design of jigs and fixtures should be close to the product, because the jigs and fixtures are specific to certain products, to ensure that there is no interference in production, accurate positioning, easy to operate for the operator and so on.
Simply put, it is a tool for workpiece clamping.
Jig, JIG, is used in the machining of the workpiece for clamping or positioning, to achieve a certain process requirements of the special equipment or tools.
What is the process equipment
The process program is a technical document that guides the construction. Generally include the following contents: the process route of parts processing, the specific processing content of each process, the amount of basic chipping, working hours quota and the equipment and process equipment used.
Process equipment, refers to the product manufacturing process used in a variety of tools in general. Including cutting tools, jigs, molds, gauges, inspection tools, auxiliary tools, clamping tools and stationary apparatus, referred to as tooling.
Mechanical manufacturing process equipment, including those?
There are several stages in machinery manufacturing:
Billet-making stage:
If a specialized billet is needed, a casting or forging process is required. This requires a foundry, and the traditional process is sand turning. The forging workshop, on the other hand, mostly uses coke ovens, electric furnaces, air hammers or large hydraulic presses, and, of course, cold-heading machines;
Mechanical Processing Stage:
Then there is mechanical processing, which traditionally consists of nothing more than turning, milling, planing, grinding, and clamping. Now many companies have introduced CNC machining centers, which can replace the process of turning, milling and planing. In the case of sheet metal parts, you need shearing machines, bending machines and stamping and forming equipment, punching machines and so on.
Heat treatment stage:
After the completion of machining, if the softness of the metal material requirements, but also need to go through heat treatment. The equipment for heat treatment includes electric furnace, salt furnace and quenching tank, etc.;
Surface treatment stage:
Finally, the surface treatment stage, which needs to go through pickling first, and then it can be plastic spraying, painting, plating, bluing, or anodizing and other treatment processes.
For standardized products, the production line for wreckage is usually used for mass production.
What does process equipment (tooling) mean in the mechanical manufacturing process?
Process equipment, referred to as "tooling", refers to a variety of cutting tools, fixtures, gauges, molds, auxiliary tools, stationery apparatus, etc., to achieve the general term of the process regulations. The purpose of using process equipment; some are essential for the manufacture of products, some to ensure the quality of processing, some to improve labor productivity, and some to improve labor conditions.
What are the main components of the advanced manufacturing process
1. rapid prototyping technology. Representative product: 3D printer.
2. CNC manufacturing and interworking: CNC nesting and discharging; CNC cutting; computer-aided analysis and simulation of pouring; computer-aided process design.
3. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems
4. Parallel Engineering. And design synthesis.
And so on.
What is the SMT process flow? What is included?
SMT basic process components: screen printing (or dispensing) --> mounting --> (curing) --> reflow soldering --> cleaning --> testing --> rework silkscreen: its role is to solder paste or patch adhesive leakage printed to the PCB pad, for the welding of the components to prepare. The equipment used for screen printing machine (screen printing machine), located in the forefront of the SMT production line. Dispensing: it is the glue drops to the fixed position of the PCB, its main role is to fix the components to the PCB board. The equipment used is the dispensing machine, located in the forefront of the SMT production line or behind the detection equipment. Paste: its role is to accurately install the surface assembly components to the fixed position of the PCB. The equipment used is the placement machine, located in the SMT production line behind the screen printing machine. Curing: its role is to melt the patch adhesive, so that the surface assembly components and PCB board firmly bonded together. The equipment used for the curing oven, located in the SMT production line behind the placement machine. Reflow soldering: its role is to melt the solder paste, so that the surface assembly components and PCB board firmly bonded together. The equipment used is the reflow oven, located in the SMT production line behind the placement machine. Cleaning: its role is to assemble the PCB board above the harmful welding residues such as flux removed. The equipment used for the cleaning machine, the location can not be fixed, can be online, or not online. Detection: its role is to assemble a good PCB board for welding quality and assembly quality testing. The equipment used are magnifying glass, microscope, online tester (ICT), flying pin tester, automatic optical inspection (AOI), X-RAY inspection system, function tester and so on. Location according to the needs of the test, can be configured in the production line in the appropriate place. Rework: its role is to detect the failure of the PCB board rework. The tools used are soldering iron, rework workstation, etc. Configured anywhere in the production line. 1. Configured in any position in the production line. 1. In general, the SMT workshop temperature of 25 ± 3 ℃. 2. solder paste printing, the materials and tools needed to prepare the solder paste, steel plate, squeegee, wiping paper, dust-free paper, cleaner, stirring knife. 3. generally used in the alloy composition of the solder paste alloy for the Sn/Pb alloy, and the alloy proportion of 63/37. 4. the main components in the solder paste is divided into two major parts of the tin powder and flux. 5. flux. Flux in the soldering of the main role is to remove oxides, destroy the surface tension of molten tin, to prevent re-oxidation. 6. Solder paste in the tin powder particles and Flux (flux) of the volume of the ratio of about 1:1, the weight ratio of about 9:1. 7. Solder paste is the principle of first-in-first-out. 8. 8. Solder paste in the open use, subject to two important processes back to temperature, stirring. 9. Steel plate common production methods are: etching, laser, electroforming.
Machining so-called tooling are included?
Definition of tooling: "tooling" that is, the production process process equipment: refers to the manufacturing process used in a variety of tools in general.
The classification of tooling: including cutting tools / fixtures / molds / gauges / gages / auxiliary tools / clamping tools / stationary apparatus.
Processing with special tools, fixtures, molds, gauges, gages, auxiliary smooth, and specific assembly of clamping tools / workstation apparatus
What does the equipment tooling include?
Tooling refers to some of the facilities used to ensure the production of a product. Be careful not to confuse "tooling" with "equipment". Generally speaking, tooling is a product-specific things. For example, within the stamping shop, the mold belongs to the tooling (molds can only produce the corresponding stamping parts), the hydraulic press belongs to the equipment (hydraulic press can be filled with different mold production); welding fixture belongs to the tooling (welding fixture can only be used specifically in a certain welding assembly), the welding tongs belong to the equipment (welding tongs as long as they are suitable for, they can be used).
What are the equipment and process equipment needed for the welding and assembly process?
Welding machines, fixtures, manipulators, roller frames, shifters ......; the list goes on. Specifically according to your product to determine. Visit a large factory to get a little basic common sense.