Israel’s Mossad
Mossad, the full name of Israel’s Intelligence and Special Operations Agency (The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations), was established by the Israeli military in 1948. Together with the CIA and the Soviet NKVD (KGB), it is also known as the "three major intelligence organizations in the world". Since its establishment, Mossad has conducted many successful operations that shocked the world. Its success has become a legend in the history of world intelligence. Over the past 50 years, there have been five wars in the Middle East, and little Israel has gained the upper hand, and Mossad has played a major role. Its eyes are spread all over the opponent's central and senior levels, and knowing itself and the enemy makes the Israel Defense Forces even more powerful. In the 1950s, it first obtained Khrushchev's secret anti-Stalin report, which shocked the world after the United States published it. In the 1960s, Mossad followed transnationally and captured Eichmann, the war criminal who massacred the Jews in World War II, from Argentina to Israel for trial. In 1966, it stole the most advanced MiG-21 fighter jet from Iraq. Mossad also organized a commando team to conduct a long-distance raid on Entebbe Airport, the capital of Uganda, and successfully rescued more than 100 hostages. It only lost one person - the leading commando leader, Colonel Yoni, the brother of current Prime Minister Netanyahu. In addition, Cohen, the intelligence master known as the "Sorge" of the West, is also an agent of Mossad.
The KGB of the former Soviet Union
The KGB’s areas of competence are roughly equivalent to the counterintelligence departments of the CIA and FBI. It is famous for its strength and sophistication, and in some respects Even more than the United States. Klobo was founded in 1954. This institution can be traced back to the "Cheka" established when the Bolshevik government was first established in December 1917, with Dzerzhinsky as its first head. In the 1830s, the NKVD led by Yagoda and Yezhov became the tool of the "Great Purges". During the Cold War, the functions of the "KGB" were too large, involving all domestic fields, overriding the Soviet party and government, and becoming synonymous with the Red Terror internationally. After the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union's solution to its problems, Russia inherited its mantle, but its power was greatly weakened. After adjustments, it appeared with a new face and became active again.
Cheka will be headquartered at No. 2, Khovaya Street, Petrograd (St. Petersburg). In 1918, the Soviet Russian government moved the capital to Moscow, and the Cheka headquarters moved to No. 11 Lubyanka Square near the Moscow Kremlin in 1920.
The main agencies of KGB include the "Foreign Intelligence Service, the Domestic Counterintelligence Service, the Military Administration, the Border Guard Administration, the General Affairs Bureau, the KGB Foreign Station Group, etc." KGB system staff once There are more than 500,000 people, including 10,000 in the headquarters, 200,000 in espionage, counter-espionage and technical support departments, and 300,000 in the border guards. In addition, there are 1.5 million informants nationwide and 250,000 espionage personnel abroad. , with an annual budget of 10 billion U.S. dollars.
The KGB has always been the main department responsible for the Soviet Union’s foreign intelligence work, counterintelligence work, and border security. It is a department that is superior to the party, government, and military departments. The "Super Department" is a detached agency that is only responsible to the Central Political Bureau.
The British intelligence agency calls the KGB "the largest spy agency in the world that collects secret intelligence." p>
British MI6
MI6 abbreviation =Military Intelligence 6 MI6 (the British department responsible for overseas intelligence work)
Also known as the Secret Intelligence Service , originally the overseas intelligence system of the British intelligence agency, was reorganized in 1939 and placed under the leadership of the Ministry of Defense.
It is mainly responsible for conducting intelligence and espionage activities abroad, such as infiltrating the headquarters of hostile countries to instigate rebellion. It is located in a 20-storey building south of Westminster Bridge in London. It is known to the outside world as the "Government Telecommunications Office" and is controlled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
MI6 was established in 1909 at the same time as MI5. Its first director was Captain Mansfield Cumming of the Royal Navy. It was later expanded into the Secret Intelligence Service. In September 1939, World War II broke out, and MI6 experienced a series of unfortunate organizational and operational disasters. On November 9, 1939, in the Dutch border town of Venlo, two senior British intelligence officers, Major Henry Stevens and Captain Payne Best, were easily deceived and hijacked by the German SS. MI6 thus lost an important intelligence channel. At that time, intelligence collection was mainly provided by overseas intelligence stations. After these materials were returned to London, headquarters personnel classified and analyzed them and distributed them to various "users"-the army, navy and air force. After the Venlo incident, MI6 encountered financial difficulties and fell into chaos. In May 1940, Germany's blitzkrieg forced Britain to close down various intelligence networks in Europe, leaving MI6 with only a few intelligence stations in neutral countries. Admiral Sinclair, the second director of MI6, died of cancer on November 4, 1939 after 14 years in office, and was immediately succeeded by his deputy Stuart Menzies. Faced with the dilemma, Menzies resolutely abandoned the traditional concept of spying on intelligence and turned his attention to the government cryptography school that had just been taken over. He was determined to rely on the use of the cryptography school to obtain intelligence from intercepting and deciphering German telegrams. Sure enough, he got what he wanted, and the "Ultra" (super secret) obtained by the Bletchley Manor codebreakers made a great contribution to Britain's final victory. After Churchill became Prime Minister, intelligence agencies received unprecedented attention, and a large number of talented and dedicated young people from universities, London business circles, and intellectual circles were recruited to join secret intelligence organizations. It is worth mentioning that after the outbreak of World War II, the United Kingdom released many criminals such as safecrackers with superb stealing skills from prison and asked them to serve the Allied Forces. Most of them were allowed to join the commandos; a few joined MI6, and their main tasks were to make locks, pick safes and blast. This seems to be a last resort wartime countermeasure, because according to the British penetration standards for recruiting spies, the ideal spy is a young man who comes from the upper class, has financial income, and has a cheerful personality. He must have a slightly higher education than the average person, be handsome, brave, tenacious, relatively calm and objective, just like "007" James Bond on the screen. Therefore, the British spy agency has always attached great importance to recruiting spies from Oxford and Cambridge, two world-renowned universities. Since 1930, there has been a D Branch within MI6 that specializes in sabotage and subversive activities. On July 22, 1940, on the orders of Prime Minister Churchill, the newly established Special Operations Division D Branch took over. Special Operations' mission is to conduct destructive activities overseas. Special Operations was established by Dr. Hugh Dalton, the British Secretary of Economic War, and Dalton was soon succeeded by Sir Frank Nelson. In May 1942, Einsatzgruppe participated in the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Nazi SS Security Bureau. On May 27, 1942, Heydrich was assassinated in the Czech Republic. This action triggered a hundredfold crazy revenge from the German fascists. In Prague alone, more than 10,000 people were arrested and at least 1,300 people were killed. The most barbaric atrocities occurred in the village of Lidis, a small village near Prague with a peaceful and beautiful environment. The red-tiled houses in the village surround an ancient Baroque church, making it feel like a paradise. One night, the SS suddenly surrounded the village, and all the villagers, men, women, old and young, were gathered together. On the grounds that some villagers in the village had protected assassins, the SS shot all the men in the village between the ages of 16 and 70, sent all the women and children in trucks to concentration camps, and then burned down the houses in the entire village. A truly commendable achievement of Special Operations was that when the Allied forces landed in Normandy, their agents were very successful in holding back the elite German armored forces and delaying their arrival in the coastal areas.
Central Intelligence Agency (Central Intelligence Agency, abbreviated as CIA in Chinese, abbreviated as CIA in English)
Overview
The CIA is the largest intelligence agency in the United States (U.S. The government's espionage and counterintelligence agency is the overall coordination agency of the United States' vast intelligence system. Its main mission is to collect and analyze intelligence on foreign governments, companies, and individuals in politics, culture, science and technology, openly and secretly, and to coordinate other domestic intelligence agencies. The activities of intelligence agencies and reporting this intelligence to various agencies of the U.S. government. It is also responsible for maintaining large amounts of military equipment that was used during the Cold War to overthrow foreign governments, such as the former Soviet Union, and opponents of threats to U.S. interests, such as Arbenz in Guatemala and Allende in Chile. Headquartered in Langley, Virginia. Some people believe that the CIA often conducts assassinations of enemy leaders, such as Cuban President Castro, but there is not enough evidence to prove this. The status and functions of the CIA are equivalent to Britain's MI6 and Israel's Mosaic. The CIA's work sites and various activities are almost completely hidden, and outsiders are not allowed to visit. This is different from the FBI.
History
The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was first established during the American Revolutionary War by President George Washington to deal with the conflict. At that time, it was called the United States Intelligence Organization Strategic Services bureau. After World War II, the organization was disbanded. However, President Truman soon found himself mired in a mountain of intelligence reports from across the government, and established the Office of National Intelligence and its operational arm, the Central Intelligence Group, to coordinate and verify these intelligence reports. In 1947, the CIA replaced the Central Intelligence Agency and officially became an independent agency of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. It is headquartered in Langley, Virginia, with many offices and 20,000 employees in the Washington area, and an annual budget of $8 billion. .The CIA has now become an important agency in the United States engaged in intelligence analysis, covert personnel intelligence collection and covert operations. The Director of the CIA is also the Director of Central Intelligence and is responsible for managing the activities of the entire U.S. intelligence community. The Bureau is divided into four major components, each headed by a Deputy Director, and six offices that report directly to the Director and Deputy Directors, the Office of the General Accountant, the Office of the Director, the Office of Equal Employment Opportunity, the Office of the Director of Personnel, Policy with the Office of the Program Director. The four main components are: Management Division, Operations Division, Science and Technology Division, and Intelligence Division. The Management Division consists of Communications, Logistics, Security, Finance, Medical Services, Personnel, Training and Education, and Data Processing Sections; the Operations Division consists of Counterintelligence, Foreign Intelligence, Covert Actions, Central Cover Section, and Evaluation, Planning, and Design Section,* **It has 6,000 employees; the Intelligence Division consists of the Management and Analysis, Weapons Control Intelligence, Collection Requirements and Evaluation Sections, five regional offices and five functional offices, plus an independent center; the Science and Technology Division was established in 1962 and was called at the time It's the research office.
Established in 1947. Headquartered in Langley, Virginia, it is the center of the global intelligence network. It not only has listening stations all over the world, but also has its own broadcast facilities, aviation lines, space satellites, printing offices, and bases for training special forces. It has a large number of spies, spies, and intelligence technicians. On May 26, 2006, the U.S. Senate voted 78 to 15 to approve U.S. President Bush's nomination of Air Force General Michael Hayden, then deputy director of the National Intelligence Agency, to serve as director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
The CIA is under the direct leadership of the National Security Council. He also serves as a senior intelligence adviser to the President and Congress, with the current director being Michael Hayden. The Director is appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. He is the coordinator of various U.S. intelligence agencies and is responsible for improving the work of the U.S. Intelligence Committee and ensuring that the President has full access to first-hand information when making decisions.
The main tasks of the Intelligence Bureau are: ① Collect foreign military, political, economic, cultural and scientific and technological information through open and secret methods and technical means, and coordinate the work of various domestic intelligence agencies. ② Analyze and evaluate intelligence for the president and conduct espionage activities against other countries. Most intelligence technicians have higher academic qualifications or are experts in certain fields. The organization, personnel, funding and activities of the agency are strictly confidential and cannot be interfered with even by Congress.