The financial sector is the place where risks are most easily hidden, and the main risks are: financial payment risk, i.e., due to borrowed funds to increase the possibility of loss of solvency; investment risk, i.e., due to the uncertainty of factors resulting in the return on investment does not meet the expected goals and the risk of the occurrence of the risk of capital operation risk, i.e., the cash flow risk arising from the inconsistency of the cash outflows and inflows of cash in the time leading to a break in the capital chain; income distribution risk, i.e., due to the distribution of income may have an adverse impact on the future production and business activities and the risk. The cash flow risk caused by the time inconsistency between cash outflow and cash inflow, the risk of cash flow caused by the breakage of cash chain, and the risk of income distribution, i.e., the risk that the allocation of income may adversely affect the future production and operation activities of the enterprise. First, the financial payment risk 1, the risk of excessive indebtedness Enterprises use financial leverage to carry out indebtedness for the expansion of the scale of operations is undoubtedly a basic strategy, but if excessive debt, will be due to the existence of risks in the financial structure of the risk caused by the refinancing of the risk of difficulties, and the burden of the heavy cost of debt will also affect the overall economic efficiency of enterprises. At the present stage of China, in the rapid development of the industry face such a problem, that is, the enclosure of the king, the first advantage of the resources into the hands of the said, and then stronger after the bigger. Excessive pursuit of high-speed development of enterprises, with the development to cover up the crisis, is the current development of Chinese enterprises used to a strategy, this strategy often leads to the capital structure of the proportion of debt funds is too high, resulting in the heavy financial burden of enterprises, resulting in insufficient solvency. 2, compared with the risk formed by high liabilities, the risk formed by contingent liabilities is more hidden, and the potential risk to the enterprise is also greater.
Typical performance is the enterprise's messy guarantee. Some enterprises have large amounts of external guarantees, long periods, and even without consent and approval, directors and managers unauthorized in the name of the company for others to guarantee, etc., which brings greater risk to the enterprise. Most of the enterprises on the guarantee negligent management, also not in accordance with the system specifications in the off-balance sheet disclosure, if the object of the guarantee once unable to pay the debt, the guarantee of the enterprise's contingent liabilities will be transformed into liabilities, sudden debt burden is likely to lead to enterprise funds or even insolvency, induced by the enterprise's financial risk. At the same time for the group company, the group's member enterprises have independent legal personality, can occur independent borrowing and lending relationship, and all of its own assets as a guarantee of borrowing, the group company can not carry out unified credit. At the same time, group members often exist between each other, misappropriation, the phenomenon of borrowing funds, which results in the total amount of group financing is excessive, exceeding the risk tolerance of the group as a whole. Once the associated enterprises in a debt out of control, it is very easy to trigger the overall group linkage risk. 3. Funding structure risk Funding structure, also known as capital structure, refers to the composition of various funds and their proportional relationship. Funding structure is divided into broad and narrow sense. Funding structure in the narrow sense refers to the long-term funding structure; funding structure in the broad sense refers to the structure of all funds (including long-term funds and short-term funds). In the investment process, short-term assets and short-term liabilities should be considered, long-term investment and long-term liabilities, etc. If there is a lack of unified planning, it will lead to the unreasonable allocation of the long and short-term structure of funds. If less consideration is given to the capital structure and financial risk when raising funds, it will not only result in higher financial costs, but also increase the risk of repayment. For example, Delong, Delong invested in too many long-term projects, while the short and medium-term project investment is too little, with 2 years to do 10 years of business, will only exacerbate the capital chain tension, contrary to the basic principles of diversified structure - complementary industries, diversification of risk, sound operation. Second, the risk of capital operation Enterprises in the operation and management of funds, there are mainly the following problems: 1, the risk of currency funds management Currency funds are the necessary resources for the survival and development of the enterprise, is the basic prerequisite for the enterprise's production and operation activities, but also the most likely to have problems with the resources. For group companies, the risk management of monetary funds is not only reflected in how to eliminate the loss, shortage, theft and misappropriation of resources, but also to consider how to optimize the allocation of resources to play an advantage. If the fund management system is decentralized, monitoring imbalance, the parent company can not grasp the capital status of subsidiaries, can not control the capital operation behavior of subordinate members, can not contribute to the group's most business activities at the group level to support the allocation of funds, and ultimately lead to inappropriate investment, fundraising is out of control, the internal financing of the risk of dislocation, a subsidiary of the problem may be dragged to the parent company to the endless Problems in a subsidiary may drag the parent company into endless debt and guarantee disputes. From the experience of large group companies at home and abroad, their fund management is generally highly centralized through the centralized management of funds, can form an "internal capital market" within the group. Through the operation of this "internal capital market", the management can get clearer data to identify those business activities that make the most contribution to the group, and arrange the order of fund-raising and investment according to the superiority of the project, so as to guide the allocation of the group's funds to solve the problem of dispersed funds and inefficiency, and to give full play to the advantages of the group's resource allocation. 2, the bad debt risk of accounts receivable The bad debt risk of accounts receivable mainly refers to the risk that the various claims held by the enterprise will not be recovered upon maturity. If the settlement management of the enterprise lags behind, and the various receivables and prepayments are not recovered in a timely manner, it is easy to cause bad and doubtful debts and thus cause losses to the enterprise. In the management of accounts receivable, many enterprises only focus on sales performance, ignoring accounts receivable. The control status of accounts receivable. In order to increase sales and expand market share, some enterprises sell products on credit in a large number of ways, which leads to a large increase in the accounts receivable of the enterprise. Insufficient understanding of the credit rating of customers, blind credit sales, resulting in accounts receivable out of control, a considerable proportion of accounts receivable can not be recovered for a long time, until they become bad debts. Assets have been occupied by debtors for a long time without compensation, seriously affecting the liquidity and security of enterprise assets.
3, inventory backlog risk Inventory backlog means that there is a potential loss of inventory, such as price cuts, due to many inventories have a shelf life of the provisions of the expiration date, even if there is no such provisions, but also due to technological advances and changes in market supply and demand and suffered losses. Inventory backlog not only reflects the enterprise marketing ability problem, but also reflects the overall coordination of the enterprise management ability is low. At present, China's corporate current assets, inventory accounts for a relatively large proportion, and many of the performance of overstocking backlog inventory. Poor inventory liquidity, on the one hand, occupies a large amount of funds, on the other hand, enterprises must pay a large amount of custodial costs for the custody of these inventories, resulting in rising corporate expenses, profits decline. Long-term inventory, the enterprise also has to bear the decline in market value of inventory losses and losses caused by poor storage, resulting in financial risk. Third, the investment risk 1, insufficient risk assessment before investment At present, many of China's enterprise groups in the pre-investment work on the choice of investment projects and did not make an effective benefit and risk assessment, the analysis of the potential of enterprise funds are also satisfied with the balance of income and expenditure on the books, and can not effectively mobilize the resources of the enterprise to provide support for investment projects. When investing in projects, there are different degrees of the project in the pre-investigation stage of the project on many risks are underestimated, generally less use of the relevant quantitative analysis methods, and the estimated risk treatment and control methods are not appropriate, thus to a certain extent, resulting in the pre-investment on the risk of avoidance of ineffective, some of the early risky investment projects in the investment planning did not take into account the results of the investment in the post-investment encounter such problems, the lack of effective means of control, the lack of effective means of control. Problems, the lack of effective means of control, and even helpless. 2, decision-making risk Investment decision-making is the most critical and important decision-making among all the decisions of the enterprise, and the mistake of investment decision-making is also the biggest mistake of the enterprise, and an important mistake of investment decision-making may make an enterprise fall into trouble or even bankruptcy. Avoid non-scientific decision-making, the main thing is to do the following two points: First of all, it must be clear that investment is an economic behavior, in investment decision-making to overcome the "political", "interpersonal relations" and other factors; Secondly, in investment decision-making, should also be good investment Budget, fully taking into account the risks faced by the investment project, do a good job of investment project cash flow forecasts. Only fully consider the time value of money and investment risk value of investment decisions, is a more scientific investment decisions, in order to achieve good benefits.
What are the risks associated with architectural title dependencyRisk one: security risk.
This is one of the biggest risks in the risk, once triggered a security accident, the consequences are unimaginable. Because the project is now practiced by the project manager for life, if I am not on site at all, then it is possible to give someone else the black pot in a haphazard way. Risk two: the risk of certificates.
Now, although the registration method has not been introduced, but the general registration system should be two to three years of annual inspection, if there is a violation of the phenomenon, such as the construction department in charge of the inspection of the project manager is not in the field, then there is a possibility of affecting the passage of the annual inspection. And the state ordered a license only in a unit registered to practice.
Risk three: the risk of default.
As the affiliation agreement with the enterprise itself is in violation of the provisions of the tatami matting *** department, it should be a null and void contract, and is not protected by law. If the enterprise is in breach of any contractual obligations such as not paying the dependency fee on time, not according to the scope of the agreement or exceeding the scope of the agreement to use the certificate, such as the appearance of any one of them can not apply for legal protection, and the constructor as an individual is a weak
party, how to protect their own rights and interests is a very worthy of deep thinking about the problem.
Since there are risks such as the above, or even more, then how to avoid the above risks, the following talk about risk avoidance.
First, the risk of avoidance:
1, I think the best way is not to rely on, but full-time as a project manager, sign a labor contract, and the relationship between the enterprise by the protection of labor contract law, during which you can raise the cost of the same treatment with the existing work plus relying on the same as the conditions as a project manager, in order to achieve the desired salary to avoid the risk of relying on.
1, the risk of loss of the constructor's certificate on the way to the post:
To be honest, this is more than three years, I have heard of three or four cases, most of which occurred on the way to the post, many people will be greedy for cheaper, and chose some of the courier
company does not have the certificate of qualification of the post to the post, which led to the loss of the certificate. In China, you can check, the certificate post should only be qualified by the Post Office, you want to verify whether the courier company has the qualification, you can be like this: you say, I want to express a single note in the courier with ID card and graduation certificate, if the courier allows you to fill in, then generally they will have the qualification, otherwise fill in the they are going to be punished. In addition to EMS postal courier company, should not let you fill in the above so, if filled in, but also let you change the information and other text.
What is the problem with this? Once lost, the courier company to give you compensation according to the information, the information is not worth it. Therefore, please be sure not to figure cheap, choose EMS, up to 23 yuan, compared to your hard-earned diploma and builder's license, 23 yuan and what can be counted?
Loss of certificates through ordinary courier companies will happen: lost on the way, burned on the way, or sent to someone irrelevant on the way.
For certificates to be mailed, it is recommended that you must pay attention to it.
Sending it out is so, when sending it back, the same should let the construction company send it back through EMS, if you can personally sign and deliver it to the construction company, of course, it is the best.
2., the constructor's qualification certificate is other construction units pre-emptive registration:
This is also considered a constructor rely on the certificate risk. As far as I know and reported somewhere in Sichuan, there is indeed a builder in the construction certificate, the construction qualification certificate was first registered situation
The construction cost of the national provinces different, which mainly depends on the amount of enterprise demand and the number of builders, as if at least in the more than 8,000, Guangdong this side of the higher housing construction to 25,000 or more, municipal, electromechanical specialties will be a little higher. (This is only the secondary construction engineer rely on only hanging certificate does not hang chapter of the market, if hanging chapter price is also high) a higher
Note
Hanging certificate does not hang chapter The so-called Hanging certificate does not hang chapter, that is, only to hang out the registered builder's license, the registration of the chapter in their own hands. This is more secure, the registration card is hung to the enterprise, the enterprise can only use
to apply for qualification or qualification upgrade. And can not go to take the project, take the project to use the registration chapter;
Hanging project what do you mean? Hanging project is equivalent to hanging chapter, hanging project, your registration card and registration chapter to be put in your dependent enterprises, they can use your registration card and registration
chapter to bid, to take the project, so there is a certain risk, the project to do well okay, the project to do not do a good job, out of the ordinary, the construction engineer to be responsible, of course, high risk and high reward, hanging
project than just hanging license costs At least a lot higher;
How long can you receive the money to first register, and then go to the information, and then wait for the publicity ...... The fastest to 3-4 months, so you can not think that the certificate to the enterprise immediately can receive money, if you want to advance a little bit, then a little bit earlier to hand over the information on the hello, can not organize information with a month, then you have to at least 5 months, huh;
On the deposit This depends on how you talk about it, usually have a deposit.
The remuneration generally includes the basic gold. And the deposit. There are also related insurance. The payroll classification is similar to that of the workplace.
On the issue of withholding license, and contract expiration unit renewal does not pay the problem.
The so-called withholding of license is to discuss in advance to rely on and hand over the license to rely on the company. The company will be reported to the public when it will happen. For example, if the dependency unit is tricky, withholding the license is not given, the so-called renewal is to continue to employ after the expiration of the contract. But the dependency fee is not given .
Approach: find a reputable unit, hanging certificate does not hang chapter, this is all to be stated in the contract withholding of certificates on the application for loss, and then to the original unit to get a letter of introduction to the personnel to get a replacement certificate can be His hand-held documents will be invalidated, and at the same time, there will be a statement in the newspapers.
The risk of the construction engineer certificate of dependence lies in the company in your name to undertake the project, if the project is fine, then both sides are all right, however, once the project has any safety accidents, then you are the first responsible for the production safety of the project.
And because you just rely on, certainly involves not in the scene of such a problem, then this will aggravate the punishment.
The first level of the construction division rely on common problems (in order to rely on Zhejiang as an example)
First of all: I am Zhejiang, recently asked the price, 3.5W - 4.0W, which is only hanging certificate does not hang chapter, and do not have to test the price of the B certificate. As for hanging the project I do not want to hang also did not ask to know the problem as follows:
1: rely on the cost of how to collect, I asked the first deposit of 10000, the registration certificate out and then pay off the whole, the contract signed a year. This insurance, registration is good, do not give money how to do ah?
2: the registration of the time you need to register the unit to pay the proof of the three insurance, may I ask, I am in the original unit of five insurance and gold are paid, and then registered to the new unit, the new unit also have to give me to pay, that is how to pay the law ah, I am now working in the unit of five insurance is necessary to pay the first, that is to say, like the social security, the two units together to give you to pay, but also in a city, so that it can be done? Just one card, but not two units to this one inside the payment ah. This article is the most important, if you understand it, tell me in detail. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money from the bank to pay your bills.
3. When signing the dependent contract, is it necessary to first put the contract expiration of the termination of the labor contract to let the dependent unit to open a good certificate. So that after the expiration of one year, this unit does not hang up, but also does not give money, you can not turn out.
4. Is not the time to sign the contract so that the dependent unit of the "certificate of registration on the loss of proof of the letter of introduction" to open, so that after the expiration of the dependent unit of the dependent unit does not give you the certificate of registration you can lose, I heard that the loss of the original unit of the letter of introduction must be.
5. If the time of registration is a unit, and then hung to other units, I heard that you have to take the time of registration unit of the termination of the labor contract certificate, this is quite troublesome, there is no way to avoid.
6. Do not register in person, that is to say, the registration is complete, to get the certificate of intent and practice with the seal of the unit is certainly your dependency, how can I get the chapter to hand ah. The first thing that you need to do is to get your hands on a new one, and then you'll be able to get a new one, and then you'll be able to get a new one.
Ulu education friendly to draw, the above information represents personal views, only as a reference,
enterprises do not pay attention to environmental protection, what risks will be brought?Enterprises that do not pay attention to environmental protection often bring greater risks, once the environmental inspection does not meet the standards will face fines, suspension, or even banned the end, the serious ones will also be held accountable for the legal person, so that the loss of business survival and development of the space. If the enterprise can pay attention to environmental protection, timely elimination of backward equipment, updated production technology, environmental control facilities are complete and normal operation, so that the business environment will be more stable, thus enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises, to obtain more space for development.
What risks does the commercial real estate bubble bring There are also many businesses that link selling prices to rents, which triggers high prices to push up rents and detach from the affordability of the entity business, leading to patches of control stores, disguised as compression of the entity business, which promotes more virtual businesses ---- the reduction in the number of entity businesses. This point is also a cause of the rapid rise of e-commerce;
No macro-planning of the commercial project of the emergence of the side of the merchant optional enhancement, triggering the opening of the merchant can be unscrupulous nonsense mention "stationing conditions", and the bottom line of the company, further catalyzing the behavior, leading to investment in the increasingly difficult Therefore, in the end, "the most injured" or business ----- triggered a crisis of confidence in the commercial project;
Because of the first item, the wrong value of the declaration, commercial products investors, but also the desire to fill the gap. And triggered another no bottom line development enterprise "all kinds of fooling", and finally deviated from the operation of the commercial project law, at the same time led to a crisis of confidence in the commercial products ------ more and more bad sales;
"trapped and think of change", the above Various situations, triggered by several phenomena: A, triggered the "innovation" call, but most of the enterprises prefer to sit back and enjoy, "fetishism"; B, adhere to the expectations, hoping that "one person Xingbang B. adhere to expectations, hoping that "one person to build a country", frequent replacement of operators, indirectly leading to accelerate the loss of business practitioners and change professions; C. "Business Doomsday Wheel" of enterprises, slow down or give up the investment in business projects, further accelerating the "outflow" of investor funds. C, "commercial doom wheel" enterprises to slow down or give up investment in commercial projects, further accelerating the investor capital "outflow", the practitioners of this view to accelerate the loss of practitioners and change professions; D, commercial real estate predicament, leading to the rapid development of private equity, credit and other industries, and the actual operator of the day, more and more bitter. But in disguise *** the "remaining" commercial practitioners, professional complex enhancement;
In short, the current commercial real estate, risky, but there are still opportunities in the risk. In the industry reshuffle period, the comprehensive test of the "players", the probability of the Phoenix Rising and the ashes of the same, who can "live" is the real hero.
What are the risks associated with the rapid expansion of enterprisesThe most frightening is the break of the capital chain;
The management system can not keep up with the speed of expansion, resulting in management chaos;
Insufficient talent reserves, resulting in a sharp decline in competitiveness;
Enterprises are also like human beings, there is not enough preparation, pulling out the seedling to help the growth of the certain dyspepsia, and may be an early demise.
What to do with a boss who is not financially free, limited by other shareholders, the boss is not financially free!You are the boss is not good enough to say, according to the shareholders require monthly financial statements, and even the cashier has to provide a daily statement, regardless of the money does not matter, but the shareholders should know where the money goes, know how the company's monthly profit and loss, on the questionable places can be asked to the financial inquiries or other shareholders
Artificial Intelligence Era What Risks Will Be BroughtAs science and technology develops. Artificial Intelligence is increasingly making its way into people's daily lives. Professionals in Silicon Valley say that people will greatly benefit from the increased efficiency of using AI over the next five years, especially in the healthcare, finance, logistics and retail sectors. At the same time, Hollywood has greatly hyped AI, placing it in opposition to humans and exaggerating the threat it poses.
The discussion of AI covers all aspects of ethics, law, and intervention in real life. The discussion will continue for a long time, but it should focus on the most likely risks of the moment rather than Hollywood's conjectures. For example, how much can we rely on AI for healthcare, financial, and national defense decisions when its code programs can go wrong? In this regard, there needs to be greater investment in sensible prevention mechanisms that can effectively offset the risks of program vulnerabilities, cyberattacks, and virus propagation.
The risks of AI in military systems are self-evident; but even in commercial use, it can have a large number of unforeseen negative effects. *** There are different regulatory agencies in the sector that test product safety (including the EPA, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Ammunition, and countless others). But the point is, if a product is designed to incorporate a program that will pass regulatory testing, does it mean that when the product passes the test and is deemed safe, that the product is actually safe?
Regulating the AI space can make the risks manageable: fleshing out testing protocols for AI algorithms, promoting cybersecurity and input validation procedures, and refining them across industries and personal devices. *** Regulatory provisions should be drafted on this but avoiding that the setting hinders the development of innovation.
What is the risk brought by financial riskThe risks brought by financial risk are as follows:
1. Funding risk
Funding risk refers to the uncertainty brought by the enterprise to raise funds to the financial results due to changes in the market of supply and demand of funds and the macroeconomic environment. Funding risk mainly includes interest rate risk, refinancing risk, financial leverage, exchange rate risk, purchasing power risk. Interest rate risk refers to the fluctuation of financial assets in the financial market, resulting in changes in the cost of financing; refinancing risk refers to the changes in the variety of financial instruments and financing methods in the financial market, resulting in the uncertainty of the enterprise's re-financing, or the enterprise's own financing structure is unreasonable, leading to difficulties in re-financing; the effect of financial leverage refers to the use of leveraged financing to the interests of stakeholders to bring uncertainty; exchange rate risk is due to changes in exchange rates, exchange rate risk, purchasing power risk and so on. Exchange rate risk refers to the uncertainty of the results of the enterprise's foreign exchange business caused by changes in exchange rates; purchasing power risk refers to the impact of changes in the value of the currency to the financing.
2, investment risk
Investment risk refers to the enterprise to invest a certain amount of money, due to changes in market demand and the impact of the final return and the expected return deviation risk. Enterprise foreign investment mainly has two forms of direct investment and securities investment. According to the provisions of the company law, shareholders owning more than 25% of the enterprise's equity should be regarded as direct investment. Securities investment is mainly in the form of stock investment and bond investment. Stock investment is a form of investment in which the risk is ****taken and the benefit is ****enjoyed; bond investment has no direct relationship with the financial activities of the invested enterprise, but only receives fixed interest on a regular basis, and is faced with the risk of the investee's inability to repay the debt. Investment risk mainly includes interest rate risk, reinvestment risk, exchange rate risk, inflation risk, financial derivatives risk, moral hazard, default risk and so on.
3, operational risk
Operational risk, also known as business risk, refers to the process of production and operation of the enterprise, supply, production and marketing of various aspects of the uncertainty of the factors that lead to the delay in the movement of funds, resulting in changes in enterprise value. Business risk mainly includes procurement risk, production risk, inventory realization risk, accounts receivable realization risk and so on. Purchasing risk refers to the possibility of insufficient supply due to changes in suppliers in the raw material market, and the deviation of the actual payment term from the average payment term due to changes in credit terms and payment methods; production risk refers to the changes in the production process due to changes in information, energy, technology, and personnel, as well as the possibility of stoppage of work and waiting for materials or delayed sales due to insufficient inventories; and the risk of inventory realization refers to the changes in the market for products that may lead to changes in the enterprise's capital movement, resulting in changes in the enterprise's enterprise value. Risk refers to the possibility of product sales being blocked due to changes in the product market; Accounts receivable realization risk refers to the possibility of accounts receivable management costs increasing due to excessive credit sales business, and the deviation of the actual recovery period from the expected recovery due to changes in credit sales policy.
4, inventory management risk
Enterprises to maintain a certain amount of inventory for its normal production is essential, but how to determine the optimal amount of inventory is a more difficult problem, too much inventory will lead to backlogs of products, take up enterprise funds, high risk; inventory is too little and may lead to the supply of raw materials in a timely manner, affecting the normal production of the enterprise, and in serious cases, may result in defaults on customers, affecting the credibility of the enterprise. The customer's default, affecting the credibility of the enterprise.
5, liquidity risk
Liquidity risk refers to the enterprise assets can not be normal and certainty of the transfer of cash or corporate debt and cash payment obligations can not be normal fulfillment of the possibility. In this sense, the enterprise's liquidity risk can be analyzed and evaluated from the enterprise's liquidity and solvency. Problems occurring due to the enterprise's ability to pay and solvency are referred to as cash insufficiency and cash insolvency risk. Problems that occur because the assets of the enterprise cannot be transferred to cash with certainty are called liquidity risk.
What are the financial risks to a family from the occurrence of a major illnessMedical bills incurred during the treatment of the illness, lost wages (for the patient and family members), and post-rehabilitation treatment and care (medication and other). In the event of a major illness, the person who could have been working to earn an income collapses at once, and then even the basic source of income is interrupted. In the case of elderly people who are already receiving a pension can not think about paycheck to paycheck.
What are the risks associated with rapid business expansion?I think the biggest problem is two aspects
1, the problem of capital, many companies are in the expansion of the capital chain breakage led to bankruptcy or change hands
2, the problem of business management, the most direct is the problem of human resources, the expansion of the enterprise to be people ah, there is no good talent for you to manage, relying on a few people to beard eyebrow a grasp must not work