It is a general term for industrial sectors that provide basic means of production for the national economy. Such as: metallurgy, coal, petroleum, electricity, chemical, mechanical and other industries is the basic industry.
The so-called basic industry is to support the foundation of social and economic operation, that is, energy, transportation, transportation, raw materials and other industries. It determines and reflects the direction of national economic activities and the speed of operation, is the national renaissance, the rise of the great powers of the material security, is the "foundation of the country".
For example, oil, coal, iron and steel, electric power, railroads, subways, ports, airports and other such basic industries.
China's basic industries have long lagged behind the development of the national economy, and have become the bottleneck of China's sustained and healthy economic development, and the market-oriented reform of basic industries has attracted the attention of economists.
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Question 2: What is meant by industrial base, and what is the difference between it and basic industries Industrial base: all kinds of resources needed to start an industry, such as industrial workers, natural resources, and know-how.
Basic industries: industries that are closely related to our food, clothing, housing and transportation, such as agriculture, manufacturing, construction, services and so on.
Question 3: What is meant by industrial base and what is the difference between it and basic industry? What is called industrial base in geography and how to analyze it? Industrial base: a variety of resources needed to start an industry, such as industrial workers, natural resources, know-how and so on.
Basic industries: industries that are closely related to our food, clothing, housing, and transportation, such as agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and service industries.
Question 4: What is the basic industry Basic industry refers to the national economic development in a country is in a basic position, the development of other industries play a restraining and decisive role in determining the level of development of other industries industry group, its products are usually to become the subsequent industrial sector processing, re-processing and production process of the lack of inputs or consumables, usually non-renewable nature. The more developed the basic industries of a country are, the more powerful the development of its national economy is, the more effective the operation of the national economy is, the more convenient the life of the people is and the higher the quality of life is. Therefore, if a country wants to maintain the long-term, rapid, coordinated and effective development of its national economy, it must first develop its basic industries.
Basic industries are those industries that provide conditions and opportunities for other sectors, or those industries that lead to the loss of opportunities for national economic growth due to their insufficient supply capacity. Basic industries are the foundation to support the social and economic operation, which determines and reflects the development direction and operation speed of national economic activities. Basic industries like energy, traffic, transportation and raw materials arc 70% of China's total state-owned assets. It is the national renaissance, the rise of the great powers of the material security, is the "foundation of the country".
Question 5: What are the main industries in China? 10 points There are three main industries in China: agriculture, industry and services.
Agriculture
1, planting
(1) grain: rice, wheat.
(2) Oilseeds: peanuts, rape, sesame, soybeans.
(3) Vegetables: radish, cabbage, celery, winter squash, pumpkin, potato, tomato, cucumber, cowpea, lentil, chili, sweet potato, cauliflower, onion, toon, mushroom.
(4) Fruits: apples, pears, bananas, watermelon, melon, durian, pomegranate, grapes, tangerines, oranges, pineapple, sugar cane, watermelon, cantaloupe, lychee, longan, pomelo, persimmons, cherries, kiwi.
(5) Dried fruits: walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, cashews, Cephalotaxus, peanuts, pine nuts, chestnuts, lotus seeds, white melon seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, walnuts, Kashiba Danmu, lentils, figs.
(6) Flowers: roses, fire cranes, peonies, spinning roses, poppies, tulips, lilies, spinning bells, tulips, petunias, snowdrops, hydrangeas, carnations, de chamomile, spring flowers, plum blossoms, cactus flowers, lotuses, water lilies, cattails, milleria, fountain chrysanthemums, perennials, sunflowers, ichthyospermums, carambola chrysanthemums, pomegranate blossoms, pink pineapples, small chrysanthemums, dahlias, Camellia, Gerbera, Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium, Health Flower, Lotus Flower, Petunia**, Calla Lily, Daffodil, Daffodil.
(7) Others: cotton, licorice, tobacco.
2, animal husbandry: pigs, goats, cows, horses, cats, dogs, camels, elephants, rats, squirrels, tigers, lions, pandas, giraffes, kangaroos, hippopotamuses, white rabbits, chickens, ducks, geese.
3. Forestry: sycamore, poplar, pine, pomegranate, apple, vineyard.
4, fisheries: carp, chub, whitebait, firehead, shrimp, turtles.
5. Side business: weaving mats, picking medicines
Industry
1. Ore: coal mine - coal factory,
Iron mine - iron factory (iron utensils and appliances, steel),
Ore --cement factory...
2. Iron and steel: (machine building industry) airplanes, ships, automobiles, cars, bicycles, motorcycles, machinery and equipment (pumps)...
Door factory - -Door factory - security doors ...
3, oil: refinery - gasoline diesel,
Plastic factory - plastic pots, bags, pens, toothbrushes,
Gas factory - gas...
4. Wood: furniture factory - sofas, tables, chairs, stools,
Paper factory - -printing mills, pencil mills...
5, cotton: textile mills (textile industry), clothing mills - handbags purses, tops, pants, hats, socks, towels, scarves, quilts quilted sheets
6, leather rubber: animal skins --leather shoes,
Oak rubber - rubber pots, sneakers, tires ...
7, the chemical industry: fertilizer factories, additives, pigments, toothpaste, shampoo, ǎze) curry, powdered milk factories <
8, food: oil factories - peanut oil, rapeseed oil, salad oil, sesame oil (large-scale called oil presses),
Salt factories, soy sauce factories, vinegar factories, tea factories, sugar factories, seasoning factories ...
Noodle factories - instant noodles, wineries -Instant noodles, winery - all kinds of wine, pharmaceutical factory, cigarette factory - all kinds of cigarettes, feed factory
Biscuit factory - all kinds of food. Dumpling factory - dumplings, steamed bread factory - steamed bread
9, electrical appliances factory: TV, VCD refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioning,
Electric light - electric light bulbs
Electric lamps - electric bulbs, electric rods, table lamps, electric fans, treadmills ...
Computers, cell phones, chargers (various components, accessories) ...
Audio-visual products factories - disks, cassettes
10, other: electricity -- power plants,
Water -- water plants (Xing Yu city),
Porcelain -- bowl factory, floor tiles, vases,
Glass factory --glass cups, wine bottles,
Paint and Coating Factory
Services
1. Business: clothing stores, supermarkets, wholesale departments (auto parts, food retail (pastries)), tea stores ...... Simple forms of business --Sales
2, catering: hotels, restaurants, snack bars
3, construction: real estate development, decoration companies, hotels
4, transportation: buses, cabs, airplanes, trains, ships,
5, postal and telecommunications communications: post office -sending letters, remitting parcels, China Mobile communications, Unicom communications
6, finance: various banks, savings offices, securities centers
7, insurance: insurance companies (life insurance, accident insurance, property insurance)
8, public **** security: the people's courts at all levels, public security bureaus (police, military)
8, public **** security: all levels of the People's Court, the Public Security Bureau (police) , military)
Management industry - administration (president of the country, governors, mayors, directors, township chiefs, village cadres)
9, radio and television: provincial television stations, radio and television
10, aerospace industry: weather forecasting ...... >>
Question 6: What are China's basic industries ah Basic industries are to support the social and economic operation of the foundation, which determines and reflects the direction of national economic activity and the speed of operation, such as energy, transportation, transportation, raw materials, such as the basic industries, on the total amount of China's state-owned assets accounted for 70%. It is the material guarantee for national rejuvenation and the rise of a great nation, and is the "foundation of the country".
China's basic industries have long lagged behind the development of the national economy, and become the bottleneck of China's sustained and healthy economic development, the market-oriented reform of basic industries has attracted the attention of economists, in recent years, *** the Central Government and the State Council put forward the "Talent Strengthening the Country" strategy; the requirements of training entrepreneurs in the development of the strategic ability to then improve the level of entrepreneurial professionalism. Improve the professionalization level of entrepreneurs. Especially the training of professional managers in basic industries is more important. We firmly believe that: with the excellent development of the leaders of the domestic basic industry compensation enterprises, the correct guidance of the national industrial policy, and the domestic and foreign capital, state-owned and private capital, China's basic industry will be a dragon and a phoenix, and a brilliant future will be created! One of the signs is that through the efficient training and learning and exchange, a large number of corporate excellence in leadership groups have emerged.
Question 7: What is the meaning of industrial base 5 points Basic industry refers to the infrastructure and basic industries on which the economic activities of the society can depend. It has a very broad meaning, but in fiscal theory, it usually refers specifically to the physical assets of the public **** sector. Infrastructure includes all kinds of transportation facilities (such as railroads, highways, bridges, airports, airways, wharves, etc.), water conservancy facilities, communication facilities, and urban public utilities (such as water, electricity and gas supply systems, sewage systems, urban transportation systems) and so on. Basic industry mainly refers to the energy industry (coal and crude oil mining, hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power production, etc.) and basic raw materials industry (such as iron and steel, building materials, petrochemicals, etc.).
Basic industry is the fundamental sector that supports the economic operation of a country, and it determines the development level of other industries. The more developed the basic industries of a country are, the more vigorous the development of its national economy is, the more effective the operation of the national economy is, and the more convenient the people's life is, and the higher the quality of life is. Therefore, if a country wants to maintain the long-term, rapid, coordinated and effective development of its national economy, it must first develop its basic industries.
Characteristics of basic industries
Compared with other industries, basic industries have the following characteristics:
First, basic. The reason why basic industry is "basic" is that it is in the "upstream" link in the industry chain of national economy. Infrastructure is the national economy and social life of the "*** with the conditions", and the products of basic industries are the necessary inputs for other production sectors.
Second, natural monopoly. Basic industries have very large fixed costs of one-time inputs and small variable costs of operation, and they produce at a decreasing average cost of production due to lower-than-average marginal costs until output reaches the design supply capacity. This cost structure makes it unlikely that the market will support more than one supplier in a given area, thus making the sole service provider a monopoly; for example, it is difficult to imagine two subway operators with identical lines in the same city, or two water supply companies competing in the same neighborhood. This kind of monopoly due to diminishing costs is a natural monopoly.
Third, the property of mixed goods. The vast majority of basic industries are mixed goods. Although they are almost all excludable, they all have a certain degree of non-competition, and their crowding coefficient is between 0 and 1, that is, until consumption reaches its supply capacity, the degree of consumer satisfaction is not affected by each other. This characteristic of the basic industry makes it the pioneer sector of national economic and social development, and all countries *** have taken different ways to intervene in it in different degrees, and public *** investment is one of them. Especially in developing countries, due to the weak economic foundation, the accumulation rate of social wealth is low, the main body of market investment lacks the strength of large-scale investment and the ability to bear large risks, it is difficult to invest in the basic industries, if *** can not invest in the basic industries, it will certainly form the situation that the development of domestic basic industries lagging behind, and ultimately dragging down the development of other economic sectors.
The investment mode of basic industries
The most crucial issue of investment in basic industries is the mode of investment and operation, which is not only directly related to the efficiency of investment, but also determines the source of funds for investment. It is worth noting that different investment and operation modes actually imply different ways of cost compensation. From the point of view of the practice of various countries, the main investment methods are:
1, direct investment, no compensation. That is, *** direct infrastructure investment, free to the public, *** bear the full cost. This is the most basic and most traditional form of *** investment. It is appropriate for infrastructure projects where the benefits to the public are universal and roughly equal. In this case, the *** actually relies on tax financing.
2. Direct investment, non-commercial operations. That is, *** direct investment, non-commercial operation by the specific public *** department under the ***. The so-called non-commercial operation, that is, not for profit. The operating entity charges users a fee equal to or less than the cost of operation. This approach is appropriate for infrastructure projects that benefit the public generally, but in different amounts, and that are exclusive but not suitable for operation by the private sector. At this point there are actually two ways to compensate for project costs: taxes and user fees.
3, indirect investment, commercial operation. That is, *** only provide investment loans, by the private sector in accordance with commercial investment and operation. It is suitable for those who benefit from the object is not universal, exclusive and suitable for the private sector to operate the general infrastructure and basic industrial projects. In this case, the compensation for the project cost is actually derived from the price of providing the project services.
In addition to the above basic ways, in practice, the basic industry there are many other combinations of investment, operation, such as BOT, *** investment and financing, etc. ... >>
Question 8: What is the basis of the national economy Agriculture is the basis of the national economy
1, agriculture is the source of food and clothing of human society, the basis of survival, besides China is a large country with a large population. To solve the problem of eating well, before having the energy to develop other industries, in order to ensure social stability. Social instability how to talk about the development of secondary and tertiary industries, how to talk about modernization. China is such a large country with a large population, only with sufficient food can not be subjected to others, in order to seek their own prosperity and strength in the intricate international relations.
2, industry and other sectors of material production and all non-material production sectors of the existence and development of the necessary conditions.
Agriculture is the main source of raw materials for industry, especially light industry; it provides a broad market for the development of secondary and tertiary industries; it is an important source of capital accumulation for national construction; and it is an important source of export materials.
3, agriculture is to support the entire national economy to ensure the continuous development and progress. The history of China's economic development has proved that when agriculture develops smoothly and grows fast, the whole national economy develops fast; on the contrary, a regression in agricultural production will bring serious damage to the development of the national economy and people's life.
China must vigorously develop agriculture and strengthen the basic position of agriculture. Only with the development of agriculture and the increase of agricultural labor productivity, it is possible to transfer more manpower, material and talent to the secondary and tertiary industries, especially to the tertiary industry, in order to promote the modernization of the national economy. Therefore, our vigorous development of agriculture and the strengthening of its fundamental position will not constrain the development of the secondary and tertiary industries, but will promote their further development. In the future, after the development of agriculture and the improvement of agricultural labor productivity, the proportion of agriculture in the national economy will be reduced, but that is only a relative reduction, the absolute number will not be reduced, but will be increased. The importance of agriculture to China, its important position at any time will not be diluted.
Question 9: What is the definition of an infrastructure industry? What specific industries are included? Infrastructure refers to the social production and residential life to provide public **** service material engineering facilities, is used to ensure that the country or regional social and economic activities are carried out normally in the public **** service system. It is the general material pieces on which society depends for its survival and development. Infrastructure" not only includes highways, railroads, airports, communications, water, electricity, gas and other public **** facilities, that is, commonly known as infrastructure (physical infrastructure), but also includes education, science and technology, medical and health, sports, culture and other social undertakings, that is, "" social infrastructure "(social infrastructure)" (social infrastructure). social infrastructure" (social infrastructure).