Joining the World Trade Organization is an important strategic decision made by the central government to speed up China's reform, opening up and socialist modernization on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the domestic and international situation, which conforms to China's fundamental interests and long-term interests.
(A) China's accession to the World Trade Organization is conducive to the rural and economic globalization of China.
Internationally, economic globalization is accelerating, scientific and technological progress is advancing by leaps and bounds, and economic ties among countries in the world are unprecedentedly close and their mutual influence is increasing. Facing the irresistible tide of economic globalization, China's accession to the WTO is an inevitable choice to conform to this trend and integrate into the world economic trend.
1. Economic globalization cannot be separated from China. The WTO, known as the "Economic United Nations", plays an important role in the process of economic globalization. As a big country with one-fifth of the world's population, China has been separated from the WTO for a long time, which undoubtedly limits the global coverage and influence of the WTO. Without China's accession, the World Trade Organization would be incomplete; Without China's participation, the scope of application of international trade rules formulated by the World Trade Organization is very limited; Without China's entry into this big market, it will be difficult to achieve real unification in the international market.
2. The development of China's foreign trade needs the guarantee of international multilateral trading mechanism. In order to adapt to the development of economic globalization and trade liberalization, China needs to seek the guarantee of a stable, transparent and predictable multilateral trade mechanism, so as to better seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in the process of participating in economic globalization and develop itself. Use the multilateral dispute settlement mechanism to handle trade and investment disputes with WTO members, reduce trade frictions, and expand China's room for manoeuvre in handling foreign trade and economic relations. At the same time, China's accession to the WTO is also conducive to strengthening cooperation with multinational companies, introducing more multinational companies' capital, technology and management experience, and using their sales channels and marketing networks to explore the international market.
It is conducive to the early establishment of a just and rational new international economic order. Without the active and full participation of developing countries, economic globalization is not only unfair, but also unable to advance smoothly. China has always maintained that the world needs a fair, secure and non-discriminatory multilateral trading system. After death, China can directly participate in the formulation of new multilateral trade rules, and its voice in international affairs, especially in international economic affairs, will be greatly enhanced. As a developing country, China will play a more important role in the world economic family, which will be conducive to more actively safeguarding the interests of developing countries and promoting the early establishment of a just, equal and rational new international economic order.
(2) Joining the World Trade Organization is conducive to promoting China's opening up and national economic development.
Joining the World Trade Organization and acting in accordance with international rules can improve the external environment of China's economic development, broaden the space for economic development, accelerate economic restructuring and scientific and technological progress according to the requirements of international market competition, improve product competitiveness, and promote the national economy to run on a fast and good track.
At present, the trade volume between China and WTO members has also accounted for about 90% of China's total foreign trade. If China does not join the World Trade Organization, we may not be able to enjoy many reciprocal benefits when trading with WTO members, but trade retaliation and sanctions that cannot be exercised casually between them will easily fall on us. This is not conducive to China's opening up. After death, China will gain a broad international stage and a level playing field. As a member of the WTO, China can unconditionally enjoy the most-favored-nation treatment of all member countries, and the annual "tug-of-war" with the United States to extend the most-favored-nation treatment will come to an end; Trade discrimination measures (such as textile quotas, etc.). ) sanctions against China will have to be lifted; Once an international trade dispute occurs, it can be submitted to the WTO for arbitration to avoid unnecessary losses to China's economic interests.
At the same time, China can conduct international trade under the principle of multilateral, stable and unconditional MFN treatment provided by all WTO members, and can enjoy the benefits of market opening in other countries and regions. Discriminatory international trade restrictions will be gradually lifted, which will help to develop industries with comparative advantages in China and expand exports.
(3) China's accession to the World Trade Organization is conducive to promoting China to improve the socialist market economic system.
The rules of the World Trade Organization are based on the market economy. Actively participating in the international multilateral trading system and actively adapting to the international common rules will help to promote the continuous improvement of China's socialist market economic system. Joining the World Trade Organization objectively requires us to adjust and improve the code of conduct and legal system of the market economy in accordance with the general laws of the market economy, act according to law, change government functions, and establish and improve national unity. Fair competition. Standardize the orderly market system and create a good institutional environment for economic development. At the same time, actively participating in international competition is conducive to promoting China's economic restructuring and industrial upgrading, making better use of foreign capital, technology and management experience, improving and improving the management level and operating conditions of Chinese enterprises, and enhancing China's overall economic strength and international competitiveness.
Second, correctly understand the opportunities and challenges brought by China's accession to the WTO.
Joining the WTO will not only bring us many development opportunities, but also make us face some severe challenges. But on the whole, the world is in the fundamental and long-term interests of China.
(a) to further improve people's living standards.
After joining the WTO, the domestic market will be further opened, import tariffs will be further reduced, non-tariff trade protection measures will be gradually reduced according to the promised timetable, and the right to operate foreign trade will be further liberalized. In the next few years, foreign products will enter the domestic market by substantially reducing tariffs, and price reduction should be the general trend. In the competition with foreign goods, China goods will strive to improve product quality and maintain price advantage. Therefore, an unprecedented variety of products and high-quality services with good quality and low price will surely bring further improvement to people's lives.
1 the price of the car will be greatly reduced. At present, car prices in China are much higher than those in the international market. After death, the import quota will be abolished before 2005, and the tariff will be reduced from the current 80%- 100% to 25%, and the average import tariff of spare parts will be reduced to 10%. The insiders believe that after the end of the world, the price of imported cars will drop by about 1/3, which will also drive the change of China's automobile consumption policy.
2. The service of telecommunication industry will be improved as never before. After death, China will allow foreign investment to account for 49% of all telecom services, leading% in value-added services and paging services, and also allow foreign investment to be injected into ICP. Therefore, it is expected that telephone charges, paging charges and internet access fees will be greatly reduced. Moreover, under the real competitive pressure, the service quality of the telecommunications industry will be improved as never before.
3. Driven by China's entry into WTO, the opening of tourism will be accelerated. Foreign-funded travel agencies will be able to operate openly in China, and at the same time, the business scope and geographical restrictions of foreign-funded tourism enterprises will be abolished. Many "workshop" travel agencies in China will be eliminated. In front of international and domestic travel agencies with standardized operating networks, people can make full price comparison and choice.
Medical conditions will be significantly improved. After death, when the tariff on imported drugs is gradually reduced to 5.5%-6.5%, people's choice of drugs will be greatly improved. At the same time, foreign advanced medical equipment will also enter China's medical system with the sharp drop in tariffs, providing people with more accurate diagnosis and treatment.
5. The financial and insurance industry will be better and more perfect. After death, with the gradual liberalization of retail business of foreign banks, they will use internationally accepted standards, technologies and management methods to influence similar industries in China. This means that better and more perfect financial and insurance services have become people's choice.
Increase the total number of employment opportunities
After China's entry into the World Trade Organization, more multinational companies, foreign banks and insurance companies will expand their business in China. The large-scale entry of foreign capital will create more entrepreneurial and employment opportunities, the talent market in China will expand rapidly, and many people may have the opportunity to re-choose their own careers.
Some traditional labor-intensive export industries in China will benefit the most. Among them, clothing, textiles and other advantageous export industries in China, which have long been restricted by foreign import quotas, have benefited the most. After the end of the world, the quota restrictions of foreign countries on China's textiles will be gradually reduced, and all of them will be abolished by 2005, which will undoubtedly effectively stimulate China's exports in this field. Experts predict that five years after death, employment opportunities in China's food processing industry, textile industry, clothing industry, construction industry and service industry will increase 16B respectively. 2.825 million, 2.665438+0,000,928,2664 million. Roughly speaking, the world may provide120,000 jobs for China.
(3) Promote the adjustment of industrial structure and improve the international competitiveness of China's economy.
China should make full use of the historical opportunities provided by the adjustment of world economic structure and industrial structure, promote the upgrading of industrial technology, promote the adjustment of industrial structure, and accelerate the fundamental transformation of economic growth mode.
1. Agriculture should seek advantages and avoid disadvantages and give full play to its comparative advantages. In order to adjust the agricultural industrial structure and enhance the international competitiveness of China agriculture, the key point is to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure and agricultural service system; Do a good job in agricultural science and technology research and development, and improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products; Accelerate the construction of agricultural information system and actively carry out research on international agricultural products market; Make full use of the principle of non-discrimination, solve the problem that some countries and regions restrict China's agricultural products from entering its market, and expand the export of superior agricultural products; Reform and improve the circulation system of agricultural products, improve agricultural support policies and methods, and effectively support farmers to develop production; Accelerate the development of agricultural products processing industry and improve the ability of leading enterprises to drive farmers; Actively and steadily promote the reform of rural taxes and fees, and effectively reduce the burden on farmers.
2, accelerate the pace of enterprise reform, improve the comprehensive competitiveness. Since the reform and opening up, domestic enterprises have made great progress, but there is still a big gap compared with world-famous enterprises. According to statistics, the average total assets and sales income of China's top 500 industrial enterprises are only 0.88% and 1.4% of the average size of the world's top 500 enterprises, while the average asset profit rate, per capita profit and per capita income are only 24.62%, 123 1% and 9.5/kloc of the world's top 500 enterprises, respectively. Therefore, we must face up to the reality, accelerate the reform, reorganization and transformation of enterprises in all aspects, accelerate institutional innovation and promote structural adjustment. Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and further give play to the comparative advantages of labor-intensive industries. Vigorously develop high-tech industries and strive to achieve key breakthroughs and leap-forward development in some advantageous fields. We will promptly establish a monitoring system for imported products and an industrial early warning system to protect domestic industries by means permitted by WTO rules.
According to its own characteristics, accelerate the reform and reorganization of the service industry, standardize its operation and improve its quality. Accelerate the development of emerging service industries; Encourage the reorganization, merger and association of the circulation industry; For banking, insurance, telecommunications and transportation services, formulate specific measures according to commitments and gradually liberalize them; Accelerate the reform of the management system of monopoly industries, introduce competition, reduce costs and improve efficiency; Vigorously develop cultural industries and tourism, strengthen the management of culture and art, radio, film and television, and publishing industries to prevent bad culture from entering the public.
(4) Promoting the transformation of government functions and improving macro-control capabilities.
Transforming government functions and reforming the way the government manages the economy is an objective requirement for establishing and perfecting the socialist market economic system, and it is also an urgent need to abide by WTO rules, standardize government behavior and improve government work efficiency.
With the deepening of China's economic system reform, government functions are constantly changing. However, there are still some departments that directly manage economic activities, both as referees and athletes, and problems such as bloated institutions, separation of government from enterprises, administrative intervention, dislocation of roles and inefficiency are widespread. Under the WTO rules, the government must regulate its own behavior, change from direct management of the economy to indirect management, administer according to law, reform the administrative examination and approval system, gradually cancel unreasonable government support measures, and create a fair and equal competitive environment for all kinds of enterprises. Of course, emphasizing the transformation of government functions and giving play to the role of market mechanism does not mean that the government can give up the right of economic management. To some extent, the macro-control of the government after death cannot be weakened, and it is more artistic. After the end of the world, domestic and foreign markets are open to each other, and trade frictions and disputes are inevitable. On the one hand, the government should coordinate and manage according to WTO rules to minimize the conflict of trade policies and regulations; On the other hand, we should make full use of the rights and policies given by WTO to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of domestic industries and enterprises. Various experiences in international economic and trade exchanges show that the more fully you study and apply WTO rules, the more active you will be in international division of labor and international competition.
(five) to fulfill China's commitment to join the WTO and accelerate the formulation, revision and repeal of laws and regulations.
1 Earnestly fulfill China's commitment to join the World Trade Organization. China has made four commitments, namely, reducing tariffs, reducing and eliminating non-tariff barriers, agricultural commitments and opening up the service industry.
Tariff reduction: By 2005, the average tariff level will be reduced from 15% to 10%. Reducing tariffs is the need of China's reform and opening-up, the "catch-up lesson" of China's accession to the World Trade Organization, and the trend of production globalization.
In reducing and eliminating non-tariff barriers, namely import quotas and licenses: by 2005, all 400 import quotas will be abolished. Because in 2005, all members of the World Trade Organization will cancel the import quota license, and it is appropriate for China to promise to cancel it.
In agriculture; According to the Sino-US agricultural cooperation agreement reached between China and the United States, the export ban of TCK wheat in seven American States was lifted, and more than 6,000 meat processing plants in the United States were released for export to China.
Service industry: gradually liberalize the service market such as banking, insurance, tourism and telecommunications.
2. Accelerate the formulation, revision and repeal of laws, regulations and rules. On the basis of deeply understanding and accurately grasping the WTO agreement and China's foreign commitments, China should promptly formulate laws, regulations and rules that can not only strictly fulfill China's foreign commitments, but also use WTO rules to protect and develop China's economy. It is necessary to clean up the existing laws, regulations and rules related to or affecting trade, and amend and abolish the provisions that violate the rules of the World Trade Organization in accordance with the principle of unified legal system, openness and transparency, so as to further conform China's economic and legal system to international practices.
Seize opportunities, meet challenges and make contributions to national economic construction and social progress.
China's entry into the World Trade Organization will bring profound changes to the economic environment of China, and will gradually affect everyone's work and life. The open market environment is full of opportunities and challenges. Opportunities are potential, so we should try to seize them. The challenge is just around the corner, so take the initiative to meet it. The broad masses of militia and reservists should be brave enough to meet challenges, emancipate their minds, renew their concepts, enrich their knowledge, improve their quality, and make new contributions to the country's economic construction and overall social progress.
T 1) Strengthen study and try to adapt to the new situation.
Study hard the knowledge of laws and regulations and establish the awareness of rules. The World Trade Organization works through a set of rules. In a sense, our familiarity with WTO rules will determine whether we can seize this historic development opportunity. Our broad masses of militia and reservists should seriously study and study the relevant agreements of the World Trade Organization, the protocol of China's accession to the World Trade Organization and the report of the working group, and strive to be familiar with the rules and skillfully use them.
Try to learn new technology and knowledge, and improve personal life skills. The giant does not mean that the development of the times requires higher personal qualities, but higher life skills for everyone after death, requiring us to seriously learn new technologies and new knowledge. After China's entry into WTO, in the long run, China people's employment opportunities have increased, but employment requires higher personnel quality. So, the militia. Reserve personnel should learn high-tech knowledge and professional knowledge of English and international trade in combination with current scientific and technological training. Militiamen and reservists in the vast rural areas should also seriously study and master the high-tech characteristic planting and breeding technology to enhance their ability to become rich.
(2) change ideas and actively participate in the main battlefield of economic construction.
China's accession to the WTO marks the mutual opening of China's market and foreign markets. A more open market will undoubtedly enrich and prosper the market. At the same time, the competition is correspondingly more intense. This urges us to strengthen the consciousness of optimizing product quality and service quality in market competition, change old ideas and adapt to new market changes, and take this opportunity to promote economic development.
Change traditional ideas and actively participate in the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. Deepening rural reform and vigorously adjusting agricultural structure are the central tasks of rural economic work in the new stage. For rural militia and reservists, it is necessary to change the traditional farming mode formed over thousands of years and vigorously develop green agriculture and high-tech characteristic agriculture. We should take the lead in developing agricultural science and technology research and development, popularization and consulting services to improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products. It is necessary to respond to the call of the party and the state, actively participate in returning farmland to forests and grasslands, accelerate the pace of afforestation in barren hills and wasteland suitable for forests, and make due contributions to protecting the natural environment and recreating beautiful mountains and rivers. On the basis of stabilizing and improving rural land in contract relationship, areas with conditions can realize land transfer under the principle of "voluntary, paid, legal and standardized" and gradually strengthen the development of industrial agriculture and large-scale agriculture.
Change the concept of choosing jobs and actively participate in economic system reform. In the future, the reform of state-owned enterprises will remain the central link of the whole economic system reform. With the further reform and reorganization of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and the acceleration of industrial restructuring and reorganization, some people will inevitably be laid off and unemployed. In the face of major adjustment of interest relations, militia reservists should always put national interests and collective interests above personal interests, change their concept of choosing jobs, strive for self-improvement, actively participate in the reform of state-owned enterprises, strive to be top technical soldiers, improve professional ethics, and make due contributions to the reform and reorganization of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and improve their comprehensive competitiveness.
(3) Keep in mind the mission and strive to be a qualified militia.
Strengthen political firmness and discrimination, and improve ideological and moral quality. With China's accession to the WTO, China's market is further opened, and the country is further opened. Some western ideas and values, especially some decadent ideas and cultures, are bound to infiltrate. As a member of the national armed forces, the militia must keep a clear political mind, strengthen political beliefs, adhere to the "Four Cardinal Principles" and establish the spirit of selfless dedication for the country, the people and the realization of capitalism. We should follow the example of practicing Theory of Three Represents, and occupy the ideological and cultural positions with healthy and progressive things through our own efforts and practical work.
Strengthen the concept of national defense and consciously fulfill national defense obligations. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization, the rapid economic development has provided an extremely broad space for each of us to develop our careers, and such opportunities and space have also given militia and reservists. However, we are expanding our business. While striving to get rich and develop the economy, we should maintain a high sense of national defense and always bear in mind the mission and responsibility shouldered by the militia. It should be recognized that the development of a country needs a solid national defense and the revitalization of a nation needs a strong armed force. China has not yet achieved complete reunification, and the world is not at peace. If we are all members of the armed forces, the consequences will be unimaginable. It is always the sacred duty of our militia reserve to defend the country and love the army and practice martial arts. Love the motherland, love the people and serve the people wholeheartedly. Selfless dedication and the traditional virtues of our Chinese nation will always be our militia. Correct value orientation and code of conduct of reserve personnel.