Medical part, supply part and management part, the general hospital is the same, its composition relationship is shown in Figure 1. general layout principle is to medical part of the main, so that the various parts of both the connection is convenient and do not interfere with each other. General hospitals have three basic layout forms: decentralized, centralized and semi-centralized. Decentralized is the departments are set up in independent buildings, in order to facilitate ventilation, lighting, but the connection is not compact, occupies a lot of land, pipeline long; centralized is the outpatient, medical, inpatient, etc., and the supply, management of each part of the concentration in a whole building, the connection is convenient, the land province, less pipeline, but the project is more complex; semi-centralized is the outpatient, medical, inpatient, etc., part of the centralized, and the supply, management, etc., separate. part of the separation.
The medical part includes outpatient department, inpatient department, emergency department, key therapeutic nursing unit, operation department, radiology department, physical therapy department, pharmacy, central sterilization supply department, laboratory, functional diagnostic room and blood bank. In hospitals with teaching requirements, there are also rooms for scientific research and clinical teaching.
Outpatient clinic
Outpatient clinic consists of a public part, diagnosis and treatment part and various departments. The combination of outpatient clinic parts according to the diagnosis and treatment procedures, generally as a public part of the traffic hub, around which the diagnosis and treatment part of the diagnosis and treatment of various departments and clinics, in order to shorten the route, to facilitate the disinfection and reduce infection. The combination of the form of a single hall, halls and centralized into a piece of type and so on.
①Communal part. Including the foyer, waiting room, registration room, medical records room, medicine charging room, stairs, elevators, toilets and so on. Waiting room layout form corridor waiting, corridor room combined with waiting and corridor room combined with the second waiting and so on. Waiting room requires light, good ventilation, clean environment, pay attention to avoid other patients walking through, causing cross-infection.
② diagnosis and treatment part. Including laboratory, radiology, physical therapy and injection, drug exchange and other rooms, as well as Chinese and Western pharmacy, these departments are usually concurrently for the inpatient services.
③Disciplinary clinics. Including internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, ophthalmology, dermatology and traditional Chinese medicine. Large general hospitals are divided into more detailed departments, such as surgery is divided into thoracic surgery, brain surgery, orthopedic surgery and trauma surgery. Obstetrics and gynecology should be strictly divided into gynecology and obstetrics. Obstetrics examination room and sterilization surgery room should be set up separate entrances and exits. Pediatrics should have separate entrances and set up pre-diagnostic identification rooms at the entrances for separate consultations, so as to separate sick children from adult patients and infectious from non-infectious diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine includes internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, ophthalmology, injuries, hemorrhoids, massage, acupuncture and moxibustion.
Inpatient Department
The size of the inpatient department is expressed in terms of the number of patient beds, which is determined according to the population of the residents in the service area, the nature of the hospital and its technical strength. The inpatient department mainly consists of two parts: the access management department and the wards.
①Incoming and outgoing management department. Including the receiving room, hospitalization health treatment room and hospitalization office.
②Ward. Is the main body of the hospitalization department, its basic unit is the nursing unit. Adult patient care unit capacity is generally 30 to 50 beds; pediatrics, infectious diseases and other nursing unit is generally 20 to 25 beds. Nursing unit mainly consists of three parts: patient room, nurse station and auxiliary room. Nursing unit of the combination of layout forms are: in the corridor strip unit, the sick room in the corridor in the south, the nurses station and other auxiliary rooms in the corridor in the north, can be natural light and ventilation; double corridor rectangular unit, the nurses station and other auxiliary rooms in the middle of the two corridors, the sick room around, the care of the distance is shorter, but some of the middle of the room shall be set up air-conditioning and artificial lighting; ring corridor radiating nursing unit, the nurses station and other auxiliary rooms set up in the center of the corridor, the nurse station and other auxiliary rooms. Nurse station and other auxiliary rooms are located in the middle of the sick room is located around, the characteristics of the basic and double corridor rectangular unit; open nurses station nursing unit will be a nursing unit is divided into 3 to 4 small units, in addition to the nurses station in addition to the auxiliary rooms are located in a number of small units of the joint body, the nurses station is completely open in the center of the small unit, with the shortest distance from the sick room. The general ward is divided into large, medium and small wards according to the number of beds, and there are 4 to 8 beds ward, 3 to 6 beds ward and 1 to 2 beds ward.
Focused therapeutic care unit in the international ICU, is today's advanced symbol of medical care, but also the development of the hospital's new tendency. Key therapeutic care unit is designed to carry out continuous observation, treatment and care of patients, so that critical patients out of danger as soon as possible, so it is arranged in the form of open nurses station as the center of the various rooms around the surrounding area to form a clean closed space - clean area; unit management, equipment and other ancillary rooms are quasi-clean area; outside the unit, such as waiting for family members of the contaminated part of the area. The nurse station adopts the electronic monitoring system to observe the patients, which can continuously observe and record the pathological indexes of the patients for 24 hours, and can automatically alarm the patients in order to rescue and treat them in time. All beds should be equipped with medical pipelines, electrical plugs and all kinds of rescue equipment on the bedside wall. ICU also has a separate nurse's work room, examination room, instrument room, washing room and so on.
Emergency Department
According to the size of the hospital. Larger hospitals have emergency departments with various emergency rooms, observation rooms and resuscitation rooms. Emergency room entrances and exits should be obvious and easy to find, and have a special registration, medicine room and waiting area for stretcher trolley and escort personnel. The emergency department works around the clock and should be able to operate as a self-contained system after the clinic closes for the night. Most emergency patients require surgery, so the emergency department should be close to the inpatient department and operating room.
The operating room has an operating room, hand-washing room, disinfection room, instrument room, packing room, dressing storage room, washing room, plaster room, duty room, office, locker room and bathroom.
Surgical activities are generally divided into three flow lines: patient flow line, medical staff flow line and medical equipment flow line. In order to prevent infection, the surgical department has three zones: the sterile zone, which includes each operating room and hand-washing room; the sterilized zone, which includes the endoscope room, plaster room, washing room, dressing room, instrument room, duty room and office; and the non-sterilized zone, which includes the front part of the staff locker room and the entrance.
The core of the surgical department is the operating room, which is divided into sterile, general and contaminated operating rooms. Aseptic operating rooms require facilities to purify the air to control the minimum amount of bacteria, and contaminated operating rooms are used for procedures with bacterial diseases.
The radiology department is divided into two parts: diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostic part of the fluoroscopy room, filming room, dark room, storage room, viewing room; treatment part of the shallow line treatment room and deep line treatment room. The treatment room of radiology should be separated from the treatment rooms of other sections for protection.
Physical Therapy DepartmentThe permanent physical therapy rooms of the Physical Therapy Department include electrotherapy room, phototherapy room, acoustic therapy room, and wet heat therapy (water, steam, wax) room. Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture, massage, fire cans and other treatment rooms or located in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, or located in the Department of Physical Therapy. The electrotherapy room should adopt wooden floor. Light therapy room indoor requirements of good ventilation.
Pharmacy Chinese general hospitals are usually divided into a western pharmacy and Chinese medicine.
①Western pharmacy. The main rooms of the western pharmacy are transferring and issuing room, dispensing room, preparation room, dispensing room, washing room, disinfection room, storage room and so on. The above rooms should be arranged together and the room should be well ventilated to avoid direct sunlight.
② Chinese medicine room. The rooms in the finished medicine part of the Chinese medicine room are the same as the western medicine room, and the raw medicine part is different. If you use a dispenser to dispense medicines, the dispenser should be installed on the upper floors, and the prescription should be received and dispensed on the ground floor. The raw drug store should be connected to the dispensing room on the floor, and the finished drug store should be close to the Chinese medicine dispensing room. Chinese medicine dispensing room without dispenser should be connected to the raw medicine storehouse and finished Chinese medicine storehouse.
Center disinfection supply department hospital centralized disinfection place, its location should be convenient with the outpatient department, inpatient department and the diagnosis and treatment room contact. Sterilization room indoor headroom should be high, in order to exclude hot air. Sterilization room in addition to the placement of disinfection cabinets, should also consider the operator to deliver the trolley room to maneuver.
Test and functional diagnostic room test department is the patient's blood, body fluids, excreta and human tissue specimens for physiological or pathological analysis and testing of the place. The more complete laboratory has a routine laboratory, biochemical laboratory, bacteriological laboratory, serological laboratory and pathological tissue section laboratory. Functional diagnostic laboratories generally include electrocardiographic portrayal, basic metabolic measurements, and ultrasonography. Routine laboratory should be sunrise, the room requires uniform light. Biological laboratories require good ventilation and toxic gas exhaust cabinets. Bacteriological laboratories and serological laboratories require walls, floors and ceilings that can be easily sterilized. Functional diagnostic room has an insulated floor. Electrocardiogram examination room should be vibration-proof, and away from high-voltage wires and electrical appliances, it is appropriate to have electromagnetic shielding measures to exclude interference from other waves.
The blood bank generally consists of a blood collection room, a blood supply room and a blood donor's rest room, a blood storage room, a blood dispensing room and a washing and disinfection room.
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