Highway construction ditch infringement of the lawsuit what unit describes, the water source is very far away from me, sixty years ago to do the Yin hole and very small, every heavy rain my family

Hanzhong City, "two sides of a river" urban planning on the upper reaches of the Han River water quality and its countermeasures to the legal thinking * Tang Shimei ** Abstract: the water quality of the upper reaches of the Han River is crucial to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project water supply area of water safety. The water quality condition of the upper Han River is crucial to the water safety of the water supply area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. However, it is very likely that the riverside cities in the upper Han River will have serious water quality pollution when they carry out major riverine development plans. This paper analyzes the urban planning of Hanzhong City, "one river on both sides of the river" on the water quality of the upper reaches of the Han River may produce or has produced pollution factors, namely, domestic sewage, industrial sewage, domestic garbage, water and along the river recreation and construction engineering construction, etc., and put forward from the legal level to strengthen the investment in urban environmental protection infrastructure; improve the system for the prevention and control of water pollution; the formation of The countermeasures such as the environmental protection working mechanism of Qiqiqi ****management. Keywords: urban planning, water pollution, legal thinking, countermeasures, the national economy, "Tenth Five-Year Plan" plan established the "South-to-North Water Transfer" project, which line project is the Danjiangkou Reservoir as a source of water, diversion of water northward to supply water to Tianjin, Beijing and other cities. Therefore, the water quality of Danjiangkou Reservoir is directly related to the health of the people in the water supply area and the safety of industrial water. The Han River, originating from the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains, is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, and its main stream flows through Shaanxi and Hubei, and merges into the Yangtze River in Wuhan, and the upper basin of the Han River is above the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The amount of water entering the Han River accounts for 80% of the total amount of water entering the reservoir, so the water quality of the upper reaches of the Han River directly determines the water quality of the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Hanzhong is the first riverside city in the upper Han River and an important city in southern Shaanxi. At the time of western development, in order to realize the goal of economic take-off, Hanzhong Municipal People's Government put forward a grand blueprint for the development along the two sides of the Han River, and formulated the "two sides of the river" urban development plan, which greatly inspired the people of Hanzhong to build a better home with enthusiasm and confidence. But people are concerned about how to develop the economy and build the city at the same time, to maintain good water quality in the upper reaches of the Han River, so as to ensure that the water quality into the Danjiangkou Reservoir to meet the water supply quality standards? The solution to this problem involves administration, science and technology, environmental education and many other levels, this paper is only on the Hanzhong City, "both sides of the river" urban planning situation and its impact on water quality, from the legal level to make some thinking, and strive to find an effective control measures. First, Hanzhong City, "both sides of the river" urban planning situation "both sides of the river" urban planning development strategy goal is to rely on the Han River, the development and construction of both sides of the Han River as an opportunity to build Hanzhong trade, culture, administrative offices, residential complex, with natural ecology, Han culture, Jiangnan style as the characteristics, the formation of water, embankment, roads, gardens and architectural complex as one of the city along the river landscape belt, to promote the city's economic takeoff. According to the requirements of Detailed Control Planning of Hanjiang River in Hanzhong City, the planning area of "One River, Two Banks" is located at the south end of Hantai District and the north end of Nanzheng County in Hanzhong City, with a section of Hanjiang River of about 600 meters longitudinally and horizontally on each side, and it is the future location of Hanzhong City's urban center. The total land area of the planning area is 743.9 hectares, of which 382.9 hectares are for urban construction, consisting of residential land, public **** facilities land, road and square land and public **** green land; 285.9 hectares are for water area; and 75.26 hectares are for natural ecological wetland along the river. The main construction projects in the planning area of "two sides of a river" are as follows: (a) residential neighborhoods. According to the "planning" requirements, residential land **** 167.76 hectares (including a residential land of 32.06 hectares, the second category of residential land 135.7 hectares), accounting for 43.81% of the urban construction land, in order to develop a piece of the community is mainly focused on the construction. The street is dominated by multi-storey commercial and residential buildings, and combined with the good environment of the eastern section of Jiangnan Riverside Road, high-rise apartments and villa areas dominated by independent and low-rise townhouses are arranged to form a comprehensive residential area combining high and low levels with a beautiful environment and complete support facilities to meet different needs. At present, the residential neighborhoods are under construction. (ii) North and South Qiaotou Square. Built on the river, is located in the Hanjiang River between the new bridge and the proposed new Hanjiang River Traffic Bridge, as the city's central boulevard planning for the double square, on both sides of the Hanjiang River, for Hanzhong City, "one river on both sides of the river," the landscape in the most eye-catching of the two jewels. South Qiaotou Square is a residents' leisure square with an area of 2.2 hectares; North Qiaotou Square is a traffic-oriented square covering an area of 4.24 hectares, which is a city-level integrated square taking into account the organization of urban traffic, celebrations and mass gatherings, parades and cultural performances, large underground shopping malls, passages and other urban functions. Plaza greening took full advantage of the local climate characteristics, mainly lawn, supplemented by trees, shrubs, flowers and trees, with night lighting and musical fountains, and set up a group of sculpture and architectural vignettes. Both squares have been completed and put into use. (C) the city bridge gate project. Located in Hanzhong city downstream of the Han River, Lengshui River upstream, by the barrage and traffic bridge two major components, including water-blocking buildings by the 30 holes of horizontal gates and overflow weir 174m; traffic part of the five-span undercarriage steel pipe concrete arch bridge and 30 holes of 20m span of the pre-stressed girder bridge, a total of 1,100M, is the set of landscape tours and urban transportation as one of the large-scale integrated urban infrastructure! The project will fully utilize the water resources of the Han River. After the completion of the project will make full use of the water resources of the Hanjiang River, regulating the water level of the urban channel of the Hanjiang River in the dry season of small flow, forming a 6-kilometer-long, 400M-800M wide, 3 square kilometers of the city's artificial lakes, which creates a rainbow of blue water for the natural landscape, improve the ecology, improve the city's taste, to achieve the value-added resources for the benefit of the people of Hanzhong has a remarkable significance. At present, the project has been approved by the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government and is waiting for the final approval of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission. (D) Riverside Road greening landscape planning area. Planning scope for the west to the north bridgehead square, east to the flood discharge channel, north of the riverfront road as the boundary, south of the Hanjiang River, east-west length of about 2 kilometers, north-south width of 70-120 meters, a total planning area of 19.5 hectares, the planning area to the levee as the boundary, is divided into three parts: - is the riverbank north of the landscape green belt: to the green park is given priority to the layout of a sunken Plaza and Cultural Square; two is the riverbank landscape tour belt: mainly consider the combination of embankment and road, locally widened to form a small square at the top of the embankment, viewing platform, not only to enrich the embankment line, but also to meet the needs of observation and observation; three is the riverbank waterfront activity belt: combined with the current terrace, forming many free stopping sites and extending to the water surface of the steps, lawn, and the use of the shoreline of the prominence of the three viewing platforms from west to east (boat dock) and four large waterfront platforms. and four large waterfront platforms, so that the general public have the opportunity to close to the water, water, play in the water, enjoy the fun of nature. (E) public **** facilities and riverfront park. According to the planning and design, in the Jiangnan Jiangbei planning area of public **** facilities, including administrative offices, commercial and financial areas, sports and recreation areas and medical and health care areas, etc., the building to multi-storey, combined with the North and South Plaza lots into groups of high-rise buildings, echoing the north and south; at the same time, along the north bank of the Han River, east of the Wanshianqiao, west of the Shangshuidu, with a total planning area of 500 acres, supporting the construction of green areas, water supply, power supply, recreation, entertainment, leisure facilities, etc., to develop and build the Riverside Park, become a riverfront park. According to the requirements of "Detailed Control Planning of Hanzhong City on Both Sides of Han River", all the projects are divided into three construction phases: the first phase from 1998 to 2000 to start with the construction of the North and South Plazas, leading to the development and construction of both sides of the river; the second phase from 2000 to 2005 to focus on the construction of commercial and residential, commercial and office projects, accelerating development and construction along the two sides of the river; the third phase from 2005 to The third phase from 2005 to 2015 will focus on large-scale projects to accelerate the development and construction and form certain economic environment and social benefits.　Impacts on the water quality of the upper reaches of the Han River (Hanzhong section) At present, the construction of the first phase has been basically completed, and the development and construction of the second phase is in progress, with large-scale projects such as the bridge and lock project already under construction. From the overall planning and current operation, the main factors affecting the water quality of the upper Han River (Hanzhong section) are: (a) domestic sewage. "A river on both sides of the river" urban planning goals are achieved, along the river will become the center of the city, only the planning area of the population capacity of residential land (excluding administrative offices, commercial and financial, entertainment venues, etc.) up to 97,637 people (according to the international "Urban Settlement Planning" provisions of the calculation). According to the indicator of 450 liters of integrated water per capita per day, the total water consumption in the planning area is close to 50,000 tons/day, and the domestic sewage discharge is close to 45,000 tons/day according to 90% of the water supply. At present, all areas of Hanzhong City, including the planning area of domestic sewage are directly discharged to the Han River without any treatment, and according to the "Hanzhong City Urban Master Plan" is expected to 2015, the total population of the city will reach 619,000 people, the daily discharge of domestic sewage to the Han River will reach 250,000 tons. (ii) Industrial sewage. "Both sides of the river" planning area, although no new factories, but from the current situation, the north bank of the Han River, including the north bank of the planning area, including the urban area of Hanzhong City, 34 industrial enterprises of all industrial effluent are discharged directly through the West Drainage Canal, the East Drainage Canal and the Shi Yanzi River into the Han River, the annual discharge of industrial effluent in 2003 amounted to 3,670,600 tons; South bank of the Han River, including the south bank of the planning area, including 29 industrial enterprises in Nanzheng County, all industrial effluent is also directly through the Lianshui River, Lengshui River discharged into the Han River, the annual discharge of industrial effluent in 2003 amounted to 2,899,300 tons. According to the survey, from Hanzhong City, upstream of the city Zhang dock, on the water on the two sections of the Ⅳ water to the city downstream of the Ⅴ water, Han River, the section from top to bottom of the water quality is a downward trend, Zhang dock and on the water on the water on the water on the section of the water for the unqualified water, across the street and the Jinhua section of the water for the poor quality of the water, petroleum, BOD5, volatile phenols, mercury and other major pollutants leading to deterioration of the quality of the water. Under the favorable situation of steady development of economic construction, the number of industrial enterprises is rising year by year, the scale is expanding, and the substantial increase in industrial effluent discharge is an inevitable trend. (C) water recreation, riverfront park pollution. After the completion of the barrage, the Hanjiang River on its section will form a 400-meter-wide full of water, is to carry out boating, yachting, swimming and other kinds of water recreation projects in a natural place; along the river on both sides of the river park is the ideal place for people's leisure, entertainment. However, the accompanying domestic garbage, domestic sewage and oil pollution from recreational facilities will also be presented at an unprecedented speed and scale. Only on the current situation, North Qiaotou Square around the south side of Riverside Road near the Han River embankment side, food and beverage, barbecue and other stalls are dense, in the evening, smoke, boisterous, singing, stereo sound vibration through the night sky, and the Han River along the water quality is turbid, smelly, many places where visitors can not stay on the shore. Today so, how can he be embarrassed in the future? (D) urban garbage. Hanzhong City, the city's daily generation of municipal waste has reached 430 tons, is expected to 2015 will reach 800 tons / day, for a long time because there is no municipal waste disposal facilities, the use of the city's low-lying landfill in the primitive disposal method. As a result, residents and organizations have been dumping garbage privately into urban flood drains, river beaches and vacant urban land. With the improvement of people's living standards in recent years, the increase of organic matter in urban garbage has intensified the generation and impact of pollutants, which has become a potential threat affecting the urban ecological environment in Hanzhong City. (E) Construction works. It is mainly the construction of bridge and lock projects and various facilities along the riverbank and water surface of the Riverside Park. In the process of construction, the slag and waste materials formed by the construction works, and the living garbage of the construction workers will have a certain impact on the water quality of the Han River. Third, the Han River (Hanzhong section) water quality pollution prevention and control measures of the legal thinking of the Shaanxi Daily on July 13, 2004 reported that: "over the past few days, the reporter along with the Provincial People's Congress Standing Committee, "Environmental Protection Act" law enforcement inspection team in the scorching heat of the sun, in-depth to the Hanzhong Hanjiang River along the Hantai District, Chenggu County, Mianxian County, and other places to see that, due to the lack of funds, the environmental protection infrastructure is lagging behind, etc., resulting in a large number of production and production of the river, the water quality of the Hanjiang River. And other reasons, resulting in a large number of production and living sewage discharged directly into the Han River everywhere, and the Han River along the living garbage is piled up as high as ...... Han River water pollution is alarming! Han River water pollution control should not be delayed!" I believe that this is by no means alarmist, and with the Hanzhong City, "a river on both sides of the river," the second phase of urban engineering and construction in depth, the type of water pollution in the Hanjiang River will be more complex, the rate of pollution will be faster, the scope of pollution will be wider, the situation will be more serious! Only in strict accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, to take effective legal measures to curb the increasingly serious water pollution, and effectively prevent the development and construction of new pollution may occur. (A) vigorously strengthen the investment in urban environmental protection infrastructure, to solve the increasingly prominent urban life pollution. With the accelerating process of urbanization, the masses of living standards, living wastewater and garbage is increasing day by day. Environmental Protection Bureau of the relevant survey report shows that in recent years, urban sewage discharge at an average annual rate of 5% increment, and in 1999 for the first time more than industrial sewage discharge, accounting for 52.9% of the total amount of sewage discharged in the country, accounting for 53.8% of the total amount of sewage discharged in 2003. For Hanzhong City, there is not only the problem of domestic sewage, domestic garbage emissions increase year by year, the most urgent need to face is all the domestic sewage, domestic garbage without any harmless treatment directly discharged or dumped into the river. According to the existing laws and regulations, I think we should vigorously strengthen the investment in urban environmental protection infrastructure, focus on the following two aspects of work: 1, accelerate the sewage treatment plants, garbage treatment plants, hazardous waste disposal centers and urban rainwater and sewage drainage network and other environmental protection infrastructure. Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Article 19, paragraphs 1 and 2 clearly stipulates that "urban sewage should be centralized treatment." "The relevant departments of the State Council and local people's governments at all levels must incorporate the protection of urban water sources and the prevention and control of urban water pollution into urban construction planning, build and improve urban drainage pipe networks, systematically build centralized urban sewage treatment facilities, and strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the urban water environment." Article 14 of the Rules for the Implementation of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution stipulates, "The urban construction department shall, in accordance with the overall urban planning, organize the preparation of professional planning for urban drainage and sewage treatment, and organize the construction of centralized urban sewage treatment facilities in accordance with the requirements of the planning." Article 39 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes stipulates, "The people's government of a city shall support the construction of facilities for cleaning, collecting, storing, transporting, and disposing of urban household garbage." Article 47 stipulates that "urban people's governments shall organize the construction of facilities for the centralized disposal of hazardous wastes." National Environmental Protection "Tenth Five-Year Plan" also requires that: by 2005, China's urban sewage treatment rate should reach 45%, and 60% for cities with a population of more than 500,000; by 2010, the sewage treatment rate of all cities shall not be less than 60%, and the sewage treatment rate of municipalities, provincial capitals, planned cities and scenic tourist cities shall not be less than 70%. By 2010, the sewage treatment rate of all cities shall not be less than 60%, and the sewage treatment rate of municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals, cities under planning and scenic tourist cities shall not be less than 70%. Hanzhong City, as one of the water sources of the "South-to-North Water Diversion" project, must strictly implement the national laws and regulations on the construction of environmental protection infrastructure, and should undoubtedly have higher requirements on the sewage treatment rate. However, Hanzhong City as a poor city in the west, subject to financial constraints, the government can not get money to engage in the construction of environmental infrastructure, even if built because of management or funding problems and difficult to operate, in the construction of environmental protection infrastructure and operation of the difficulties, laws and regulations in effect. To break through the financial "bottleneck", the Hanzhong Municipal Government in addition to actively seeking national capital investment, should change the city's basic environmental protection facilities as a "non-productive welfare services", by the government to take over the concept, and actively introduce foreign capital or private funds, using joint ventures, sole proprietorships, BOT, BT or TT. BOT, BT or TOT and other ways to build urban environmental protection infrastructure, and the introduction of advanced management mechanisms. At present, Hanzhong City is building the city sewage treatment plant is the use of state bonds and government investment and the Danish government equipment loans, the use of BOT way of construction, for the construction and operation of urban environmental protection infrastructure provides a good model. Currently under construction and urban waste treatment plants and urban hazardous waste disposal centers, urban rain sewage drainage network and sewage treatment plants along the river counties have also been included in the Hanzhong City environmental protection planning. 2, accelerate the promotion of water conservation of new technologies, new techniques, new equipment. Water conservation can not only reduce ineffective demand, reduce the pressure of water supply, but also reduce sewage discharge, reduce environmental pressure. Article 8, paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Water Law states: "The State shall practice water conservation, vigorously implement water conservation measures, promote new water conservation techniques and technologies, develop water-saving industries, agriculture and services, and establish a water-saving society." "People's governments at all levels shall take measures to strengthen the management of water conservation. Establish a system for the development and promotion of water conservation technologies, and cultivate and develop water conservation industries." Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 51 stipulate, "Industrial water use shall adopt advanced technologies, processes and equipment, increase the number of water recycling, and improve the water reuse rate." "The State shall gradually phase out backward, water-consuming processes, equipment and products, and the specific list shall be formulated and publicized by the competent department for economic integration under the State Council in conjunction with the competent department for water administration under the State Council and the relevant departments. Producers, sellers or users in production and operation shall stop producing, selling or using the listed processes, equipment and products within a specified period of time." Article 52 states, "The urban people's government shall take effective measures according to local conditions to promote water-saving domestic water appliances, reduce the leakage rate of the urban water supply network, and improve the efficiency of domestic water use; strengthen the centralized treatment of urban sewage, encourage the use of reclaimed water, and improve the utilization rate of sewage reclamation." The State Council on strengthening urban water supply water conservation and water pollution prevention notice "[State Development (2000) No. 36] also requires that" all new construction, alteration, expansion of public **** and civil buildings, are not allowed to continue to use water appliances do not meet the standard, the units of the existing housing buildings installed in the use of water appliances do not meet the water-saving standards must be replaced with water-saving appliances before the 2005 All water-saving appliances must be replaced with water-saving appliances before 2005, and residential households are encouraged to replace the use of water-saving appliances." Although Hanzhong City is not a water-scarce city, the water supply contradiction is not prominent, but the city's poor sewage treatment capacity, water conservation and reduce sewage discharge has a close relationship, so we must strictly comply with national laws and regulations, the use of new technologies, new techniques, new equipment, new appliances to reduce water consumption. In particular, "both sides of the river" urban planning in a large number of residential buildings, office buildings, commercial buildings and other new projects, must do "three at the same time, four in place", that is, the main project of the construction project and water conservation measures to be designed at the same time, at the same time, construction, at the same time Put into use; water users to do water plans in place, water conservation goals in place, water conservation measures in place, water management system in place. (ii) Improve the water pollution prevention and control system to realize both the symptoms and the root causes. Existing pollution control, including water pollution control, are a kind of end control, is a passive, negative pollution control behavior, treating the symptoms but not the root cause. Therefore, in order to achieve both "both sides of the river" planning, development of the Hanzhong economy, but also to ensure that the water quality requirements of the water source, we must take a path of water pollution treatment of both symptoms and root causes. 1, front environmental protection administrative license, from the source to control pollution. According to the provisions of the "Administrative License Law" requires the administrative department of environmental protection to make the environmental administrative license, and industry and commerce, land and urban planning and other administrative departments to cooperate with each other, the construction project environmental administrative license as a pre-approval for business registration and registration, land requisition procedures, construction land use planning permits, and other administrative licenses for the approval of the front, through the strict implementation of the environmental permit and the Through the strict implementation of environmental permits and the "three simultaneous" system, restrict the construction projects that do not comply with the national industrial policy and local environmental planning, the total amount of pollution control, to prevent some enterprises or projects in the name of attracting investment, the practice of cross-regional transfer of pollution, from the source to effectively prevent the emergence of new sources of pollution. Construction projects that start without environmental approval should be strictly punished according to the Administrative License Law and other relevant laws and regulations. 2, the establishment of a benign centralized urban sewage treatment mechanism. First, the implementation of centralized urban sewage treatment facilities to ensure that the facilities are connected to the pipeline network and ensure smooth flow. Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Article 19, paragraphs 1 and 2 clearly stipulates: "urban sewage should be centralized", "the relevant departments of the State Council and the local people's governments at all levels must protect urban water sources and prevention of urban water pollution into the city's construction planning, construction and improvement of the urban drainage network, and systematically construction of centralized urban wastewater treatment facilities, and strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the urban water environment". Therefore, the government and relevant departments can change the size of the city's factories are independent of the construction of wastewater treatment facilities requirements (on the one hand, increased capital investment in factories, on the other hand, wastewater treatment facilities in poor operating conditions, not conducive to supervision), and supporting the construction and improvement of drainage networks and water monitoring facilities, the real realization of all the sewage within the city of centralized treatment, harmless discharge. Second, the implementation of sewage charging system to ensure the normal operation of centralized sewage treatment facilities. Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Article 19, paragraph 3 provides that "centralized urban sewage treatment facilities in accordance with state regulations to provide sewage treatment of sewage paid services, sewage treatment fees to ensure the normal operation of sewage treatment facilities." However, many urban sewage treatment plants due to lack of funds, sewage treatment fee collection difficulties, not according to the design of the scale capacity to operate, resulting in sewage treatment plant has become a new "sewage source". To this end, the national planning commission, the ministry of construction, the state environmental protection administration jointly issued "on the promotion of urban sewage, garbage disposal industrialization of the development of the opinion" stipulates that: "has built sewage, garbage disposal facilities in the city should be immediately levied sewage and garbage disposal fee, other cities should be levied by the end of 2003". Therefore, Hanzhong Municipal People's Government should, according to the minimum charges set by the state, formulate the sewage treatment charges and management methods, determine the appropriate sewage treatment fees, and collect them on schedule to provide financial security for the normal operation of sewage treatment plants. Third, the development of urban wastewater recycling, improve the comprehensive utilization of water resources, reduce water pollution. Municipal wastewater treatment into "water", can be recycled for agricultural irrigation, industrial cooling or washing, urban green belt irrigation, road washing and other uses, which is to ease the tension of water resources and reduce the pollution of water bodies have a significant effect. Article 52 of the Water Law provides incentives for the use of recycled water. Therefore, the municipal government must be clear that the recycling of sewage is an important part of the integrated management of urban water resources, sewage treatment and recycled water facilities, improve the construction of water pollution prevention and control are important measures. Only the organic combination of sewage treatment and recycling can keep costs to a minimum and save water resources, both economic and social benefits. 3, the pollutant concentration control system and the total amount of control system combined. Article 16 of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law provides that: "the people's governments at or above the provincial level to achieve the discharge of water pollutants still can not meet the national water quality standards for water bodies, you can implement the total amount of key pollutant emissions control system, and emissions of key pollutants emissions of enterprises to implement the task of reducing the approved system,". Thus, the conditional total control system has been legally established. Hanzhong City in the management of water pollution prevention and control of pollutant concentration control system, not only the existence of each pollutant discharge unit assessment of the irrationality, more importantly, Hanzhong City as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project water source, the special significance of the function of its water bodies can not be reflected. However, in view of the gap between the relevant environmental protection departments in terms of the level of environmental management, technical capacity and the level of governmental awareness, it is very unrealistic to implement the total pollutant discharge control in full accordance with the environmental capacity. Therefore, the pollutant concentration control system and the total amount of control system combined, in the environmental management of pollution sources to consider both the concentration of pollutant discharges and the total amount of pollutant discharges, so that not only the pollutant discharges of the enterprise is more reasonable to carry out the supervision, maximize the promotion of local economic development, but also reflects the nature of the water source as a special functional area, the protection of the water environment in the region. 4, strict implementation of the environmental impact assessment system. Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress in October 28, 2002 passed the "Environmental Impact Assessment Law", and September 1, 2003 has been formally implemented. Article 8 of the Law provides that: "The relevant departments of the State Council, the people's governments at or above the municipal level with districts, and their relevant departments shall organize and conduct environmental impact assessments of the relevant special plans for industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, energy, water conservancy, transportation, urban construction, tourism, and natural resource development that are prepared by their organizations and shall submit an environmental impact assessment report to the organ that approves the special plan, prior to the approval of the draft of that special plan. The organ that approves the special plan shall submit an environmental impact report." (3) Form a working mechanism for environmental protection that is united in **** control. (1) Establishment of a governmental target responsibility system for environmental protection. Article 16 of the Environmental Protection Law clearly states, "Local people's governments at all levels, shall be responsible for the environmental quality of their jurisdictions, and take measures to improve environmental quality." Local people's governments at all levels should, on the basis of the provisions of laws and regulations, with accountability as the core and administrative constraints as the mechanism, organically combine responsibilities, powers, interests and obligations, clarify the responsibilities of the local chief executives at all levels in improving the quality of the environment, determine the system of indicators of environmental quality, break down the indicators into specific annual targets, implement the tasks, do a good job of supervision, inspection and evaluation, and implement annual assessments. And the completion of the annual target of environmental quality in the jurisdiction will be listed as an important element in evaluating the performance of governments and cadres at all levels. In the enterprise evaluation, qualification certification and related creation activities, the implementation of ecological environmental protection one-vote veto system, do not pay attention to environmental protection and ecological construction, causing ecological and environmental damage to the unit and the main leader to be vetoed. 2, the establishment of relevant departments of environmental protection coordination mechanism. Article 7 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates: "The competent administrative department for environmental protection under the State Council shall carry out unified supervision and management of environmental protection work throughout the country. The administrative department of environmental protection of the local people's government at or above the county level shall carry out unified supervision and management of environmental protection work under its jurisdiction. The administrative department in charge of state ocean affairs, port supervision, fishery administration and fishing port supervision, the environmental protection departments of the armed forces, and the management departments of public security, transportation, railroad and civil aviation at all levels shall, in accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws, exercise supervision and management over the prevention and control of environmental pollution. The administrative departments of land, minerals, forestry, agriculture and water conservancy of the people's governments at or above the county level implement supervision and management of the protection of resources in accordance with the relevant laws." In accordance with the "Environmental Protection Law" and other relevant laws and regulations (such as "Urban Planning Law", "River Management Law"), in the government system and other relevant management agencies with environmental protection responsibilities to more than 20 departments and units, involving water pollution prevention and control of environmental management of the department there are also many departments, such as planning, water conservancy, river management, reservoir management, monitoring and environmental protection departments, etc., the implementation of a unified management and The implementation of a combination of unified management and management of multi-level management system, the main body of law enforcement, the power is too decentralized, the responsibility is not clear, the formation of "everyone is in charge of the fact that everyone who do not care" situation. The shortcomings of this management system, a long time ago, for many reasons, the State Council, the State Environmental Protection Administration attempted to solve the legislation, policy, institutional arrangements, but the environmental problems are too complex, the situation is very different, it is difficult to solve the root causes. In this case, the author believes that the role of local governments should be fully utilized to find out the environmental protection strategies suitable for the situation of their jurisdictions according to local conditions. Specifically to the Han River upstream water pollution control work in Hanzhong City, Hanzhong Municipal People's Government should be coordinated by the relevant departments to form a collaborative mechanism for the prevention and control of water pollution on the Han River, the preparation of the basin water pollution prevention and control planning, water function zoning and functional zoning of the water environment, water resources and water environment management, investigation of outfalls into the river, water pollution treatment, etc., in the form of a letter of agreement, the powers, duties, responsibilities and procedures fixed, that is, the signing of the environmental protection administration, and the work of the government to ensure the protection of the environment. Fixed in the form of an agreement, i.e. signing an administrative contract for environmental protection. The municipal government regularly supervises and inspects, puts an end to the phenomenon of shirking responsibilities or abandoning duties or abusing powers, and ensures that all departments are in charge of ****, and do their best to fulfill their duties and responsibilities. 3、Establishing an effective mechanism for active participation by the public. Article 6 of the Environmental Protection Law stipulates: "All units and individuals have the obligation to protect the environment and have the right to report and accuse units and individuals who damage and pollute the environment." Article 13 of the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution states, "The environmental impact report shall contain the opinions of the units and residents where the project is located." The Decision of the State Council on Several Issues Concerning Environmental Protection, promulgated in 1996, states, "Establish a mechanism for public participation, give full play to the role of social organizations, and encourage the public to participate in environmental protection by reporting and exposing all kinds of violations of environmental protection laws and regulations." Articles 11 and 21 of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law make detailed provisions for public participation in environmental impact assessment. Expanding citizens' right to know, participate in and supervise environmental protection is crucial to promoting scientific and democratic decision-making in environmental protection and ecological construction. It is therefore necessary to establish and improve the mechanisms for public participation in terms of information, expression, supervision and litigation, and to improve the ways and means of public participation. Environmental protection departments at all levels should organize experts and citizens to participate in environmental impact assessment in an appropriate way, especially for construction projects involving the water quality of the Han River. Implement a rewarded reporting system for ecological environmental protection (especially serious pollution at key locations such as water sources, outfalls and water intake points), and fully mobilize the people's enthusiasm and creativity in protecting the environment. Encourage trade unions, *** youth league, women's federation and other social organizations and citizens to participate in environmental protection and ecological construction, and give spiritual encouragement and material rewards to units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions to environmental improvement and ecological construction. References: ① "South-to-North Water Diversion Project Environmental Impact Report", the Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Institute, March 1995 preparation. ② Wu Guoping, Zhai Li: "water resources protection responsibility preliminary study", 2000 National Environmental Resources Law Symposium Proceedings. ③ Li Ainian and Chen Lantu: "Problems, Causes and Countermeasures--Research on Legislation for Prevention and Control of Urban Water Pollution in China", Proceedings of China Environmental Resources Law Symposium, 2002. ④