β mass is a negative electron flow, regardless of mass, close to the speed of light, with strong penetration and less ionization.
Gamma is an uncharged stream of electrons, regardless of its mass. High speed of light, strong penetration and low ionization ability.
X-ray, alpha-ray, beta-ray, gamma-ray and neutron-ray are common rays.
Because of the different ionization density, the biological effects of various rays are different, and the change rate is also different. In order to obtain higher favorable mutation, it is necessary to choose appropriate rays, but due to factors such as ray source, equipment conditions and safety, gamma rays and X rays are the most commonly used at present.
Visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, etc. Is caused by electrons from the outer layer. Roentgen rays are caused by internal electrons. Gamma rays are caused by nuclei.
Extended data:
Gamma Ray Details (Gamma Ray)
Electromagnetic wave with wavelength less than 0.2 angstrom. Produced by radioactive isotopes such as 60Co or 137Cs. It is a kind of high-energy electromagnetic wave, with short wave length (0.00 1~0.000 1nm), strong penetrating power and long range. It can irradiate many substances at a time, and the dose is relatively uniform and dangerous, so it must be shielded (a few centimeters of lead plate or a few meters of concrete wall).
Gamma rays are one of the rays emitted when atoms decay and split. This kind of electromagnetic wave has short wave length, strong penetration and high energy, which is easy to cause DNA breakage in biological cells and then cause cell mutation, hematopoietic loss, cancer and other diseases.
But it can kill cells, so it can also be used for medical purposes to kill cancer cells.
1900, French scientist P.V. Vilade discovered that barium chloride containing radium passed through cathode ray, and it can be seen from photo records that the ray passed through 0.2mm lead foil. Lasseff called this penetrating radiation gamma ray, which is the third nuclear ray discovered after alpha and beta rays.
References:
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References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-α ray
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Baidu encyclopedia-β ray
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Baidu encyclopedia-γ ray