What is laser myopia surgery?
The eye is like a complex and sophisticated camera, and the cornea at the front is the lens. In myopic eyes, the eyeball is too long, and parallel light enters the eyeball and is imaged on the negative film, which is before the retina, and the image on the negative film is blurred. Laser myopia surgery is to excimer laser cutting corneal stromal tissue, change the curvature of the cornea, so that light can be focused on the retina, so as to achieve the purpose of correcting myopia.
Laser myopia correction surgery includes laser optical corneal cutting, excimer laser in situ keratomileusis, excimer laser subepithelial keratomileusis, wavefront aberration-guided excimer laser surgery, femtoseconds, full-femtoseconds laser six stages of development.
What are the sequelae of laser myopia correction surgery?
Any surgery carries risks, and myopic laser surgery is not completely immune to complications. So what are the after-effects of myopic laser surgery?
I. Complications of myopic laser surgery
1. The most common complication of myopic laser surgery is overcorrection or undercorrection, which should be observed for a certain period of time, and the second surgery, if appropriate; and some people will have glare, that is, at night, a point of light will be viewed as a light mass, halo, which can be due to the postoperative cornea between the corneal tissues of the reaction of a slight edema or the night of the pupil is larger, the edge of its edge and the surgical margin close to the related, with the postoperative surgery, the eye can not be seen, and the eye can not see the eye. This can be due to a slight edema reaction between the corneal tissues or a larger pupil at night, whose edge is close to the surgical margin, and is gradually reduced with the passage of time after surgery.
2. The most serious complication of myopic laser surgery is the infection of the surgical corneal wound, although this rarely occurs, but it is an important factor in blinding the eyes, so a strict surgical and sterilization system and good hygiene habits of the patient is inseparable. Even after surgery, patients should also regularly check their eyes, paying special attention to changes in the macula and peripheral retina of the fundus, which must be done to save for a rainy day.
3. Conical cornea occurs in people who have this potential or whose corneas are too thin after surgery; eccentric cutting may occur because of poor target gaze, or a central island may appear because of aqueous swirling on the corneal surface.
4. There may be clouding of the cornea (Haze) after PRK and LASEK surgery, as well as hormonal hypertension brought on by long-term use of anti-Haze medications.
5. LASIK has complications related to the corneal flap, such as subflap foreign body, corneal flap displacement, dissolution, increased astigmatism, and self-consciousness of eye dryness.
The safety of laser corrective surgery is related to the doctor's experience, equipment, and operation. And any corneal surgery will have a wound, and with a wound there is a chance of infection. If the wound is exposed to the air after the cornea is recovered, and if you don't pay attention to hygiene in general, it will be easy to cause inflammation and infection.
Second, myopic laser surgery sequelae
1. If the surgery is not carefully screened to exclude those congenital eye disease patients, then it is likely to leave some sequelae after the operation.
2. Some hospitals screen qualified patients before surgery. However, due to the doctor's operation process, the surgical scale is not grasped properly, for example, a certain corneal thickness should be retained, but some doctors want to completely correct the vision of patients with high myopia, and cut the cornea too thin, which leads to adverse consequences.
3. Our main goal in treating myopia is to flatten our cornea. However, if our cornea is too flat, it will be squeezed by pressure from inside the eye, prompting the cornea to bulge forward, although this pressure is usually not felt by people. The result of this situation is that not only does it not cure our myopia but aggravates it, and can even produce irreversible astigmatism.
Shi Weiyun of Shandong Eye Hospital said that laser surgery is a game of risk and safety, and that the main reason for Dr. Cai Ruifang's "closure" is that he has found several cases of complications in his 10 years of patient follow-up. In the final analysis, any surgery can not completely avoid complications, but as long as the complications occur within the scope of control, surgery is operable. Problems with individual surgeries may be a matter of indication, may be limited by the skill level of the surgeon, and may be related to biological individual variability. There are risks associated with any surgery.
What kind of people can undergo laser myopia correction surgery?
In most cases, laser myopia correction surgery is elective surgery, whether it can be operated is not absolute, for each individual needs to be combined with their own circumstances, including age, occupation, habits, etc. to make a comprehensive measurement of the risk-benefit ratio. Pre-operative ophthalmologic examination to further determine . Including refractive error, corneal thickness, corneal morphology, pupil size, intraocular pressure, fundus, and so on. Based on the results of the examination to determine whether it is suitable for surgery, as well as suitable for which type of surgery.
Specifically, the following conditions should be met:
1. 18 years of age or older, with a healthy mental state. Minors eye is not yet fully developed, refractive error is not yet stable, the possibility of postoperative myopia is higher, so it is not recommended to receive myopic surgery under 18 years of age;
2, after the doctor's examination, eye indicators meet the requirements of the operation, that is, there is no disease and inflammation in the eye, etc.;
3, the number of degrees of myopia that can be corrected by the operation at present, laser keratoconus refractive surgery can correct the The refractive range is within 1200 degrees of myopia, 600 degrees of hyperopia, and 600 degrees of astigmatism;
4. If it is the second time to do the excimer surgery, the interval of LASIK should be 3 to 6 months, and the interval of PRK should be 1 year, and the interval of more than 1 year for those who have hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism after penetrating corneal transplantation;
5. The number of myopia in the last two years is relatively stable, and the number of deepening is not more than 50 degrees each year;
5. The deepening is not more than 50 degrees per year;
6, the whole body does not have excimer surgery restrictions on diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and so on;
7, the woman is not pregnant as well as breastfeeding.
Surgery or no surgery on the one hand need to rationally consider, on the other hand through the current technology to do an assessment is also very necessary.
1. Do not streamline the examination in order to save time or fear of trouble, comprehensive and perfect pre-operative examination is the basic guarantee of the effect of the operation;
2. Each person's eye condition is different, whether it is possible to operate, how the effect after the operation, must be assessed by the doctor's professional, do not hear hearsay, even if it is a close friend or family member;
3. If the examination finds that There are abnormalities, need to further increase the examination, or treatment before accepting the surgery, if found to be temporarily unsuitable for accepting the surgery, you should choose to observe, or give up the surgery, do not force.
If, after consideration and medical evaluation, you decide that you want to have myopic laser surgery, what should you be aware of?
Pre-operative
1. Do not wear hard contact lenses for 3 weeks before myopic excimer laser surgery and do not wear soft contact lenses for 2 weeks before surgery.
2, myopia excimer laser surgery 3 days before the operation, please follow the doctor's instructions daily antibacterial eye drops, without the doctor's permission, do not use other drugs.
3. Please do not use any cosmetics and perfume on the day of myopic excimer laser surgery.
4, clean eyelids and intraocular dirt
5, myopia excimer laser surgery before the operation, please eat appropriate food easy to digest, do not eat on an empty stomach or too much.
6, avoid excessive eye use. Nowadays, young people like to surf the Internet and play with cell phones, but long hours of close eye use and a highly concentrated state will make the eyes have a certain visual fatigue. Myopic surgery takes only ten minutes, but in order to have a good post-operative result, you should pay attention to rest before the operation, relieve the visual fatigue, and accept the operation in good condition.
7, avoid tobacco, alcohol and spicy food.
Post-operative
1, twenty-four hours attention: sleep in a supine position is preferred, so as not to touch the cornea; there may be a foreign body sensation or tears, do not wipe with your hands, pay attention to hygiene; do not wash your hair, shower.
2. Within one week, wear eye shields to protect your eyes when you sleep, so as not to displace the corneal flap due to external forces; watch less TV, computer, books and newspapers to avoid eye fatigue; to prevent sand and dust or foreign objects from entering your eyes, you can wear sunglasses, flat lenses, or eye shields when you go out; don't go swimming or take a steam bath.
3, one month attention: avoid doing strenuous exercise or can hurt the eyes of the activities; do not drive or operate dangerous machines; eat less spicy, easy to fire food, can eat with high protein, vitamin-rich food, increase nutrition; eye skin to avoid contact with cosmetics, prohibit eye massage, avoid rubbing the eyes.
4, 3-6 months to avoid strong confrontation, the eye is easy to injury sports, 3 months strictly prohibited swimming; pay attention to environmental hygiene and personal hygiene, to prevent triggering infection.