Asphalt Mastic Asphalt (Stone Mastic Asphalt, abbreviated as SMA)
Asphalt Mastic Asphalt, is a new type of asphalt mixture structure, which originated in Germany in the 1960s, the German called Splitmastixasphalt.Introduced into the U.S. in the early 1990s, it is called Stone Mastic Asphalt, abbreviated as SMA.In 1993, SMA was first applied in China's capital airport highway.
Features
SMA is a kind of asphalt mixture composed of asphalt, fiber stabilizer, mineral powder and a small amount of fine aggregate consisting of asphalt horseshoe grease filling the intermittent graded coarse aggregate skeleton gap and composed of asphalt mixture. It is formed by sufficient asphalt binding material and asphalt horseshoe mastic with considerable strength to fill in the voids of the stone-stone embedded structure formed by the coarse aggregate. Therefore, it has high and low temperature stability, good water stability, good durability and surface function (anti-skid, small rutting, high smoothness, low noise, good visibility).SMA pavement has good durability, so there is less maintenance work, long service life, and good comprehensive economic and environmental benefits. Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
SMA is the acronym for Spinal Muscular Atrophy
For infants and young children under the age of two, SMA is the number one genetic killer
One out of every 6,000-10,000 newborns will develop SMA
One out of every 40 people are carriers of the gene that causes SMA.
The likelihood of each offspring of two carriers of the SMA-causing gene developing SMA is 25%
People of any age, race, or gender can develop SMA
People with SMA primarily present with muscle atrophy, severe limitation of motor function, and involvement of the respiratory and swallowing muscles. Respiratory failure due to respiratory infections is the primary cause of death in patients.
Since there is no effective treatment for this disease for the time being. Experts constantly remind couples with a family history of SMA to make sure they get genetic or prenatal testing first in order to effectively prevent their babies from developing SMA.
Heredity of SMA
How is SMA inherited?
5q-SMA is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the SMN1 (Survival Motor Neuron) gene on chromosome 5 (hence the name 5q). Offspring must inherit one defective SMN1 gene from each parent to contract the disease.
Because affected parents usually have only one defective SMN1 gene each, they are not infected with SMA and do not exhibit the disease characteristics; they are called carriers. Thus, the product of one SMN1 gene is sufficient to maintain normal body functions. Almost every child with SMA will have a parent who is a carrier, with only 2% of exceptions. Carriers do not contract the disease because a normal gene is sufficient to maintain normal body functions and compensate for the defective gene. It is estimated that one in 40 people worldwide is a carrier of the gene that causes SMA.
Offspring of parents who are both carriers, or of a parent who is a carrier and a parent who is living with SMA, are at risk of contracting the disease, and all children contract the disease during pregnancy. The offspring of two carriers can be SMA patients, carriers and able-bodied. The graph below (Figure 4) shows the combination of genes that are likely to be present in the offspring of two carriers. With each of their pregnancies:
- 25% likelihood that the child will develop SMA
- 50% likelihood that the child will be a carrier of the SMA-causing genes
- 25% likelihood that the child will be neither a patient with SMA nor a carrier
Manifestations of SMA
Infantile SMA
1. Symmetrical muscle weakness: Decreased voluntary movement, proximal muscles are most affected, hands and feet are still active.
2, muscle flaccidity: very low tone, when the infant supine position when the lower limbs in the frog-leg position, the knee reflex is reduced or disappeared.
3, muscle atrophy: mainly involved in the limbs, trunk, followed by the neck, chest muscles.
4, intercostal muscle weakness, the diaphragm is not involved, diaphragm movement is normal, so the chest is sunken during expiration, presenting paradoxical breathing.
5, the course of the disease is progressive, the late medulla oblongata innervated muscle atrophy, the pharyngeal muscle is the most significant, accompanied by muscle fiber tremor, pharyngeal and palatal muscle atrophy caused by respiratory and swallowing difficulties, prone to absorptive pneumonia.
Juvenile SMA
is a mild form of infantile SMA, which usually starts at the age of 2-7 years, or later, and begins with gait abnormality and weakness of the proximal muscles of the lower limbs, and the disease progresses slowly, gradually affecting the distal lower limbs and upper limbs.
Intermediate spinal muscular atrophy
Also known as chronic infantile type, the onset of disease in the first 3-15 months of life, beginning with proximal muscle weakness, then spread to the upper limbs, the disease progresses slowly, the facial muscles are often not affected.
Juvenile dominant myasthenia gravis
This type is a special type of dominant hereditary disease, the onset of the disease is at the age of 3-4 years, the main manifestation of the proximal muscle weakness and atrophy, the disease is mild, does not affect the life expectancy, and can live a normal life.
Middle-aged men
The disease is characterized by weakness of both hands, atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hands, and deformities such as "claw-shaped hands" and "ape hands". It is difficult to fasten clothes, pick small objects and write. Later on, the muscle weakness spreads to the neighboring muscle groups, involving the arms and shoulders, and then develops to the lower limbs. There are also cases that start from the foot, extend to the lower limbs, and then the upper limbs. Muscle weakness develops symmetrically, sometimes involving only one hand. Muscle tone is reduced and tendon reflexes are weakened corresponding to the affected muscles. There is no sphincter dysfunction, and pathological reflexes are often absent, but can be seen in the presence of frequent myofascial tremors. Myofascial tremor may occur at variable sites, and may be triggered and aggravated by cold, mood swings, or mechanical stimulation. There is no spontaneous pain or sensory abnormality during the course of the disease, and atrophy of the tongue muscles and dyskinesia of the soft palate with articulation and swallowing symptoms rarely occur. Radio antenna interface
SMA is the abbreviation of Sub-Miniature-A, commonly used wireless router/wireless LAN card SMA antenna interface should be SMA reverse polarity male connector, that is, the antenna connector is internally threaded inside the contact is a needle (wireless device is externally threaded inside the contact is a tube). This interface of the wireless device is the most popular, more than 70% of the AP, wireless routes and more than 90% of the PCI interface of the wireless network card are using this interface, the interface size moderate, handheld radios and other equipment are also many of this type, but inside the needle and tube is the opposite of the standard SMA wireless devices. Using this interface wireless AP and wireless line includes most of the civilian equipment. tp-link, dlink, American netgear, belkin and other brands, as long as the antenna is removable, basically use this interface. SMA antenna interface should be SMA, and SMA and RP-SMA is different. SMA is divided into many kinds of polarity difference one is called "SMA", the other is called "RP-SMA", the difference between them is: the standard SMA is: "SMA", "RP-SMA", the difference between them is: standard The difference between them is: standard SMA is: "external thread + hole", "internal thread + pin", RP-SMA is: "external thread + pin", "internal thread + hole ".
SMA-J or SMA male is called standard sma male. SMA-K or SMA female is called standard sma female.
It is a typical microwave high frequency connector. It can be used up to 27 GHz.
The SMA connector is a miniature connector that can be used up to 18 GHz/26.5 GHz. It is characterized by high mechanical strength, high durability, high reliability and low VSWR, etc. SMA connectors are the best choice for use in a variety of miniature circuits including hermetically sealed structures.SMA connectors can be used in a variety of different applications. SMA connectors can be used in a variety of different applications, such as measurement and testing, mobile communications, electronic devices and so on.
SMA main performance indicators:
1). Characteristic impedance: 50 Ω
2). Frequency range: with flexible cable 0~18GHz
with semi-flexible, semi-rigid cable 0~26.5GHz
3). Contact resistance: Inner conductor ≤3.0m Ω
Outer conductor ≤2.0m Ω
4). Insulation resistance: ≥ 5000M Ω
5). Dielectric withstand voltage: 1000V
6). Voltage standing wave ratio: with flexible cable ≤ 1.15+0.02
with semi-flexible, semi-rigid cable ≤ 1.10+0.02
7). Durability: 500 times
8). Executive standard: MIL-C-39012 Styrene-maleic anhydride **** polymer
SMA: Styrene-maleic anhydride **** polymer; styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer
Styrene and maleic anhydride random **** polymer, thermoplastic resin. The latter content of 5% to 30%, good impact resistance, colorless and transparent, good rigidity and dimensional stability, resistance to general chemicals, not resistant to concentrated alkali, ketone and ester solvents. Glass transition temperature 114 ℃, tensile strength of 36 ~ 56MPa, flexural modulus of 2200 ~ 3240MPa, cantilever beam notched impact strength of 21 ~ 107J / m. Heat distortion temperature of 101 ~ 118 ℃. Often used in organic solvents by adding the appropriate proportion of styrene and maleic anhydride, free radical solution polymerization method. Can be used for automobile instrument panels and interior parts, household appliances parts and so on. Used as adhesives, paper enhancers, protective colloids.
standard methods agar (SMA) standard agar medium Shanghai Maple Automobile=SMA
Shanghai Maple Automobile belongs to the Geely Automobile Group Shape Memory Alloy (Shape Memory Alloy)
In 1932, the Swedish Orlande in the gold-cadmium alloy for the first time observed the memory effect, that is, the shape of the alloy was changed, once heated to a certain leap temperature, it can be magically changed back to the original shape, people have this special function of the alloy is called shape memory alloy. Memory alloys have been developed for more than 20 years now, but due to their effective application in various fields, they are attracting the world's attention and are regarded as magical functional materials.
There are many successful examples of memory alloys in aerospace applications. The huge antennas on artificial satellites can be made of memory alloys. Before launching the satellite, the parabolic antenna will be folded up and loaded into the satellite body, and after the rocket lifts off and sends the satellite to a predetermined orbit, it only needs to be warmed up, and the folded satellite antenna will naturally unfold due to the function of "memory" and restore the parabolic shape.
Memory alloys have a wide range of applications in the clinical medical field, such as artificial bones, bone fixation and pressurization devices, dental orthodontics, various types of intracavitary stents, embolizers, cardiac repair devices, thrombus filters, interventional guide wires and surgical sutures, etc. Memory alloys are playing an irreplaceable role in modern medical treatment.
Memory alloys are also closely related to our daily lives. Just take the spring made of memory alloy as an example, put this kind of spring in hot water, the length of the spring will immediately elongate, and then put it into cold water, it will immediately return to its original state. The use of shape memory alloy spring can control the water temperature of the bathroom water pipe, in the hot water temperature is too high through the memory function, adjust or close the water supply pipe to avoid scalding. It can also be made into fire alarm devices and security devices for electrical equipment. When a fire occurs, the spring made of memory alloy deforms and starts the fire alarm device to achieve the purpose of alarm. The spring made of memory alloy can also be placed in the valve of the heater to maintain the temperature of the warm room, and when the temperature is too low or too high, the valve of the heater will be opened or closed automatically.
As an emerging class of functional materials, many new uses of memory alloys are constantly being developed, such as the use of memory alloys made of eyeglass frames, if accidentally touched and bent, as long as it is placed in hot water heating, you can restore the original shape. In the near future, the shell of a car can also be made of memory alloy. If accidentally touched and deflated, as long as the hairdryer plus heat can be restored to its original shape, both save money and effort, very convenient. SMA Solar Technology AG Company Profile
SMA Solar Technology AG is the world's leading supplier of specialized inverter manufacturing, founded in 1981 and headquartered in Niestetal, Kassel, Germany.
SMA is the global market leader in photovoltaic inverters, with product applications worldwide. SMA is the global market leader in PV inverters, with products used all over the world, and has set up branches in thirteen countries on four continents, including the United States, China, Italy, Spain, France, Australia, Greece, and the Czech Republic. After 29 years of innovative development, SMA currently employs more than 4,000 people. In 2009, the world's largest PV inverter production facility covering 18,500 square meters was completed, enabling SMA to increase its annual production capacity to approximately 5GW and to continue to expand it to meet the rapidly growing needs of the global PV market. on June 27, 2008, SMA was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (s92) in Germany, and on September 22, 2008, SMA was listed on TecSMA. In the past few years, SMA itself, as well as its innovative production of many products, has created more achievements and won several awards.
Main products
SMA's main business area is the development and production of various models of photovoltaic inverters ranging from 1kW to 1.25MW,
capable of meeting the needs of different types of photovoltaic modules, all plant sizes, and different types of power grids.
SMA's photovoltaic equipment includes Sunny Boy/Sunny Mini Central/SunnyTripower/Sunny Central, Sunny Island, WindyBoy, Sunny Backup, Fuel Cell Inverters, and Sunny Backup, which are all designed to meet the needs of different types of photovoltaic modules and different grid types. Sunny Backup, fuel cell inverter Hydro Boy, and communication equipment for overall monitoring and control of the plant. The main products are grid-connected and bi-directional stand-alone inverters, and SMA is the world's number one producer of photovoltaic inverters, with nearly 100 products in the PV inverter range.
Innovative technology
SMA's main goal from the very beginning has been to develop innovative technology and to find the right solutions for the future of photovoltaics. 400 people work in research and development, and the company's research and development budget for 2010 exceeded 80 million euros. SMA's string inverter technology, developed and manufactured in 1995, was a great success for grid-connected PV systems at a reduced cost and greatly simplified the design and installation of PV power plant systems; since then, SMA's advanced PV technology has led the way in PV technology, with innovations such as the OptiCool, H5 and HE technologies that have increased the conversion efficiency of the plants; multi-string monitoring, ESS, and Bluetooth technologies; and the SMA PV system. Innovations such as OptiCool, H5 and HE technologies have increased conversion efficiency; multi-string monitoring technology, ESS and Bluetooth technology have not only significantly reduced inverter costs, but also set new standards in PV technology.
Market situation
SMA is a professional inverter manufacturer and a significant player in the global PV market. With a history of 29 years, SMA has a good reputation in the PV market for its leading technology and stable and reliable product quality. By the end of 2009, SMA's global installed capacity had exceeded 9.1 GWp, with 3.4 GWp of AC capacity installed in 2009 alone. SMA not only has a high market share in Germany, but has also been very successful in developing overseas markets, with its products used all over the world, and has set up branches in thirteen countries on four continents, providing more convenient channels for users around the globe to utilize SMA's equipment. We have set up branches in thirteen countries on four continents, providing more convenient channels for global users to use SMA equipment. In recent years, SMA has maintained a growth rate of more than 100% and will continue to grow strongly in the coming years.
Production capacity
SMA is a DIN EN ISO 9001:2000 certified inverter manufacturer with a highly organized production process. The perfect management system includes safety and security system, document management system, production process safeguard measures, equipment testing system and supporting logistics, etc., which provides a strong guarantee for the efficient production and reliable quality of the equipment. In order to meet the increasing demands of the global PV market, SMA invested about 50 million euros to build the world's largest PV inverter production base on an area of 18,500 square meters in 2009, with an annual production capacity of about 5GW. The new production site will be fully powered by solar energy, with zero CO2 emissions, and SMA will continue to expand its production capacity, with the expectation that the 11GW annual production capacity will be realized in the first half of 2010, while SMA's overseas plants in the U.S. and Canada will soon be put into operation. Simple Moving Averages (SMA)
Arithmetic moving averages are simple and universal moving averages. An SMA is an arithmetic average calculated by adding up a set of numbers and dividing by the number of components of that set of data, where each given time frame is given equal weight in the calculation of the average. To 5-day moving average, for example, the formula is as follows:
MA=(C1+C2+C3+C4+C5)/5
General formula :MA=(C1+C2+C3+C4+C5+.... +Cn)/n
C: First day's closing price
n: Moving average period
In the term "moving average", "moving" means that when we calculate a new average, we generally start by subtracting the earliest average from the previous one. When we calculate a new average, we generally subtract the oldest price data from the previous moving average, and then add the newest price data to that value. In this way, the average moves forward as new data is added.
From the above example on simple moving averages we can see that the price of gold on each day has a 1/5th share of the total moving average (as this is an example of a 5-day moving average). In the 9-day moving average, the price for each day has only 1/9th share of the total moving average. It follows that the larger the time parameter of the moving average, the less the individual price data affects the average.
The shorter the time parameter of the moving average, the "closer" the moving average is to the price chart line. Such averages are more sensitive to current price changes. In this sense, this is its favorable side. It also has the disadvantage that the possibility of triggering a "tug-of-war" phenomenon increases at the same time. Long-term moving averages provide a strong smoothing effect, but they are more insensitive to current price changes.
Among the more popular moving averages are the 4-day, 9-day, and 18-day moving averages for short-term traders, and the 13-week, 26-week, and 40-week moving averages for market participants who operate long-term positions. In Japan, 13-week and 40-week moving averages are most commonly used. Moving averages are used by a wide range of market participants, including both day traders and margin traders. The former apply moving averages to real-time trading data, while the latter may see moving averages on a monthly, or even yearly, basis.
In the moving average research methodology, in addition to choosing different time parameters, it is also possible to choose different price data to calculate the average. As we described in the previous example, the vast majority of moving average systems use closing prices for their calculation. However, there are also a large number of people who use the high and low prices, as well as the mid-price between the high and the low, to calculate moving averages. Sometimes people even use moving averages of moving averages. Specific Methanogenic Activity (Specific Methanogenic Activity)
The term anaerobic process in water pollution control engineering refers to the maximum rate of methane production per unit mass of anaerobic sludge under certain conditions. Its unit is ml methane / (grams of volatile suspended solids * day), cubic meters of methane / (kg of volatile suspended solids * day) SELECTIVE MODAL ANALYSIS (SELECTIVE MODAL ANALYSIS)
Modal analysis is the study of structural dynamics of properties of a recent method, is a systematic identification method in the field of engineering vibration applications. The modes are the inherent vibration characteristics of a mechanical structure, and each mode has a specific intrinsic frequency, damping ratio, and mode shapes. These modal parameters can be obtained by computational or experimental analysis, such a computational or experimental analysis process is called modal analysis. If this analysis process is obtained by the method of finite element calculation, it is called computational modal analysis; if the modal parameters are obtained through parameter identification of the collected input and output signals of the system through test, it is called experimental modal analysis. Usually, modal analysis refers to experimental modal analysis.
12. Super Mario Advance, a GBA game released by Nintendo
Super Mario Advance is a game released by Nintendo on the GBA in 2001, loosely based on the NES Super Mario Bros. 2 remake, which added a challenge mode for collecting Yoshi's Eggs and NES Mario Bros. A form of SMD diode package, also known as DO-214AC. Similar packages include SMB (DO-214AA), SMC (DO-214AB), etc., which are differentiated by the size of the device volume: SMA<SMB<SMC.