2. Technical performance: pressure-resistant withstand voltage tester, used for pressure resistance; Insulation resistance tester or insulation resistance megger; Waveform? Use an oscilloscope; Current/voltage, etc. Can be used with multimeter;
3. Environmental test: electromagnetic compatibility, vibration, impact, high and low temperature, damp heat, temperature rise, etc. It needs to be done in a special inspection agency.
According to different needs, the required methods are also different. It needs to be tested according to product categories and national standards, and there is no national standard according to enterprise standards. Specific measures shall be formulated by the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision or some testing centers with 3C certification.
Usually, electronic products need detection equipment: oscilloscope, multimeter, push-pull meter, torsion meter, safety instrument, bridge, etc.
Extended data:
Environmental conditions of electronic product quality:
In the process of storage, transportation and use, electronic products are often affected by various harmful effects of the surrounding environment, such as affecting the working performance, reliability and service life of electronic products.
The environmental factors that affect electronic products are: temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation, rain, wind, ice, dust, salt spray, corrosive gas, mold, insects and other harmful animals, vibration, shock, earthquake, collision, centrifugal acceleration, acoustic vibration, swing, electromagnetic interference and lightning.
Climate and environmental conditions:
Temperature (℃):-80, -65, -55, -40, -25,-15, -5, +5,+15, +20, +25, +30, +40, +55.
Temperature change rate (℃/min): 0. 1, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5, temperature change rate (℃/sec): 1 and 5;
Relative humidity (%): 10, 50, 75 and 90.
Pressure (millibar): 300,000,50,000,10000,5000,2000, 1300,1060,840,700,530,300,200;
Pressure change rate (millibar/sec): 1,10;
The relative velocity of the surrounding medium (water, air, etc.). ) and product (m/s): 0.5, 1, 3,5,10,30,50;
Rainfall (mm/s): 0.3, 1, 2,3,6, 15.
Biological environmental conditions: including molds, insects and animals.
1. Mould: The most harmful strains to electronic products are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Pullulan, Paecilomyces vannamei, Penicillium fungoides, Penicillium ochraceum, Brevibacterium photosporium, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus heterozygous, Chaetomium globosum and so on. The optimum germination temperature of these molds is 20 ~ 30℃, and the corresponding relative humidity is 80% ~ 90%.
2. Insects: The most harmful insects to electronic products are termites, moths, wooden bees, cockroaches and so on. Especially in the tropics.
3. Animals: The animals that are most harmful to electronic products are mice, snakes and birds, especially in tropical areas.
Environmental conditions of mechanically active substances: sand blowing will occur in hot desert areas, sandy coastal areas and arid inland areas. Under normal circumstances, the diameter of sand is 0.0 1 ~ 0. 1mm, and the average diameter of sand in desert area is 0.18 ~ 0.30 mm. Dust mainly occurs in industrial smoke and dust areas and dry wind areas.
The average diameter of dust is 0.000 1 ~ 0.0 1mm, and the concentration can reach 6× 10-9g/cm3 under extreme dust conditions. Sand blowing and sand blowing mostly occur in weather conditions with high temperature and low relative humidity. Commonly used test severity levels are:
Sand (g/cm3): 0.0 1, 0.03, 0. 1, 0.3, 1, 3,10;
Dust (mg/m2.hour): 1, 3, 10, 30.
Environmental conditions of chemically active substances:
1, salt spray: chloride liquid particles suspended in the air are called salt spray. Salt spray can penetrate 30 ~ 50 kilometers from the sea surface to the coast with the wind. The settlement of ships and islands can reach more than 5 ml/cm2 every day. Commonly used severity grades (ml/cm2 h) are: 1, 3,5, 10.
2. Ozone: Ozone is harmful to electronic products, and the commonly used test severity grades (mg/m3) are: 0.0 1, 0.03, 0. 1, 0.3, 1, 3,10,30.
3. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen and oxides: In the chemical industry, including mines, fertilizers, medicines, rubber and other production sites, the air contains many corrosive gases, the main components of which are sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and nitrogen oxides. These substances will form acidic and alkaline gases under wet conditions, which will damage various electronic products.
Commonly used severity grades (mg/m3) are 0.0 1, 0.03, 0. 1, 0.3, 1, 3,10,30,100,300.
Mechanical environmental conditions:
1. Drop: Electronic products will fall down accidentally during use and transportation. General test severity grades (meters) are 0.025, 0.050, 0. 1, 0.25, 0.5, 10, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0.
2. Swing: Electronic products will be swayed by the ship during shipment, use and transportation. Generally, the severity levels (degrees /6 seconds) used in the test are 5, 10, 25 and 45.
3. Constant acceleration: Electronic products will experience constant acceleration during use and transportation. Commonly used test severity grades (m/s 2) are: 20,50,100,200,500, 1000.
4. Vibration: The actual vibration situation is complicated, which may be simple sinusoidal vibration, complex random vibration, or even sinusoidal vibration plus random vibration.
5. Impact and collision: Electronic products are often damaged by collision during transportation and use.
6. Noise: The noise can reach 90 ~ 100 dB in high noise places such as weaving workshop, large turbo-generator workshop and ship main engine room. When the jet engine is working and the rocket is launched, the noise can reach 140 ~ 160 decibels. Commonly used test severity levels (decibels) are 140 and 160.
Electrical environment conditions:
1, Lightning: Thunderstorms are frequent in hot and humid areas, such as Bogor, Java, Indonesia, where the annual thunderstorm days (that is, the days when lightning or thunderstorms occur) reach 322 days. The waveform of lightning pulse generated by lightning is shown in the figure. The principles for determining the time of T 1 and T2 in the figure are as follows: the electronic equipment connected by open wires is tested with the waveform of T 1=4 microseconds and T2=300 microseconds;
For electronic devices connected by cables, T 1= 10 microsecond, T2=700 microsecond; For electronic equipment connected by rails or similar conductors, T 1= 10 microsecond, T2=200 microsecond; T 1= 1.2 microseconds, T2=50 microseconds should be used to simulate the counterattack against direct lightning. During the test, the commonly used voltage levels (kilovolts) are: 1.5, 4, 5 and 6.5.
2. The electromagnetic field of electrical equipment and the electromagnetic field generated by the ignition system of motor vehicles are measured at a distance of 10 m, and the frequency range of 40 ~ 1000 MHz is 40 dB (microvolts/m). The interference voltage caused by electrical appliances to the motor is 66 dB (microvolt) in the range of 0. 15 ~ 30 MHz; It is 55 decibels (microvolts) in the range of 30 ~ 300 MHz.
When the motor power increases, the interference voltage will also increase. The electromagnetic field generated by high-frequency equipment is 34 ~ 54 dB (microvolt/meter) in the range of 0. 15 ~ 1000 MHz measured at the distance from the interference source1000 meter.
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