So that the raw water from top to bottom with 20 times the space flow rate through the resin layer is what it means

Abstract: [Purpose] to improve the quality and yield of pure water prepared by ion exchange water purifier [Methods] aging resin adsorption of the main impurities away from the maximum degree of displacement out of the regeneration endpoints indicated [Results] the highest specific resistance of the pure water up to 33.3 × 105 Ω-cm, the cycle of the production of water of about 700 L. [Conclusion] with the original method, the quality of pure water compared to the quality and yield of pure water have significantly improved. Keywords: ion exchange method; resin; aging; regeneration of analytical laboratories with pure bearing quality how to directly affect the accuracy of the analysis results. According to national standards, experimental water must comply with GB6682-l986 "laboratory water specifications" in the quality requirements of level 3 water, that is, the water temperature at 25 ℃, the specific resistance ≥ 5 × 105 Ω - cm (conductivity ≤ 2.0 μs / cm). "Ion exchange preparation of pure water with its good water quality, low cost, easy to use and other advantages of the laboratory at all levels of common use. However, in the daily work found that many laboratories use ion exchange water purifier, when the resin aging, if the traditional "conventional treatment methods to regenerate the resin, the preparation of pure water is often of low quality, it is difficult to meet the increasing number of trace components of the analysis of water requirements. To address this problem. Our laboratory will improve the regeneration method of conventional treatment. The main impurity ions adsorbed by the aging resin are replaced to the maximum extent to indicate the end point of regeneration, and the result is to improve the quality and yield of the prepared pure water. Now the method is reported as follows.1 material 1.1 reagent 7% hydrochloric acid solution; 8% sodium hydroxide; O.01mol / LEDTA standard solution; 1 +1 ammonia; silver nitrate standard solution (each milliliter of silver nitrate equivalent to 0.50mg of chloride); 5% chromic acid potassium; 0.25mol / L and 0.025mol / L sulfuric acid.1.2 instrument DDS - IIC type conductivity meter. Shanghai South China Medical Instrument Factory.2 operation method 2.1 anion and yang resin in addition to impurities, cleaning will fail the resin anion and yang separated, respectively, placed in two plastic pots, rinsed with tap water. Remove visible impurities and broken resin, remove the water and repeatedly rinse 2 to 3 times, pumped dry. 2.2 Yang resin regeneration to the Yang resin basin to add 7% hydrochloric acid solution to submerge the resin, gently stir a few times, and let stand for 2 to 3min. pour off the acid, pumped dry. Repeatedly 5 to 6 times, test the acid content of calcium and magnesium ions. Method: absorb 1.0ml of acid, add 1 +1 ammonia to neutral, with chromium black T as an indicator, with 0.01mol / LEDTA titration to the end point, the solution from purple-red to bright blue, record the amount of EDTA consumed, repeat the above operation until until the absorption of 1.0ml of acid consumption of EDTA reduced to a stable value. 2.3 negative resin regeneration to the negative resin basin add 8% of sodium hydroxide solution to submerge the resin. Sodium hydroxide solution to submerge the resin, gently stir a few times, after standing for 2 ~ 3min, pour off the alkali solution, pumped dry. Repeatedly 7 ~ 8 times, test the chloride ion content in the lye. Method: Take 1.0ml of lye solution on a 50ml evaporating dish, add 1 drop of 1% phenolphthalein solution, adjust the solution with 0.25mol/L sulfuric acid until the solution is slightly red, and then adjust it with 0.025mol/L sulfuric acid until the red color of the solution is just receding. Add 0.5 ml of 5% potassium chromate solution, titrate with silver nitrate standard solution to the end point, record the amount of silver nitrate solution consumed. Pour off the alkaline solution, pumped dry. Repeat the above operation until the absorption of 1.0 ml of lye consumption of silver nitrate amount reduced to a stable value. 2.4 Rinsing will be tested and qualified anion and cation resins with ionized water repeatedly rinsed to neutral, that is, the anion resin washed to pH 6.5 ~ 7.5, the anion resin washed to pH 7 ~ 8. 2.5 loaded columns with a small beaker of the resin along with water together with 1.0 ml of acid consumption of EDTA amount reduced to a stable value of the loaded into the column. In order to connect the column, through the water.3 results to tap water as raw water through the improvement of regeneration method of pure wood, its preparation of pure bearing quality and yield compared with the conventional treatment regeneration method.4 Discussion of the regeneration method of ion exchange pure wood conventional treatment (hereinafter referred to as the original method) to the in and out of the acid and alkali solution pH value remains unchanged (determined by pH paper) to indicate the end point of the regeneration, the author believes that the method is too simple.5.6 The regeneration method is to use the aging resin as a means of regeneration, and to improve the regeneration method. Improved method is to aging resin adsorption of the main impurity ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, cl-) to the maximum extent possible to indicate the end point of regeneration, through the test out of the regenerant without Ca2+, Mg2+, cl- or reduced to the same content. It means that the impurity ions adsorbed by the resin and the H+ and OH- of the regenerant have reached a dynamic equilibrium, and then the resin is really regenerated to the maximum extent. The large pore adsorption resin is developed on the basis of ion exchange resin. 1935 Adams and Holmes of Britain published a work report on the polymerization polymer material prepared by formaldehyde, phenol and aromatic amine and its ion exchange performance, and since then it created the field of ion exchange resin. 20 century 50's end of the synthesis of the large pore ion exchange resin is a milestone in the development of ion exchange resin. The synthesis of macroporous ion exchange resin in the late 1950s was a milestone in the development of ion exchange resin. At the end of 1960s, large-pore adsorption exchange resin was synthesized and used for the separation of active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine at the end of 1970s, but it was not until after the 1980s that China started to produce and apply it on an industrial scale. At present, macroporous adsorption resins are mostly used in industrial wastewater treatment, separation and refining of food additives, separation and purification of active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine, vitamins and antimicrobials, decolorization of chemicals and blood purification, etc. 1 Characteristics and Principles of macroporous adsorption resin Macroporous adsorption resin belongs to the functional polymer materials, and is a class of organic polymer materials developed over the past 30 years or so. More than 30 years to develop a class of organic polymer adsorbent, is a kind of adsorption resin, by the polymerization of monomers and crosslinking agent, porogenic agent, dispersant and other additives prepared by polymerization reaction. After the formation of the polymer, the porogenic agent is removed, leaving large and small, different shapes, interconnected pores in the resin. Therefore, macroporous adsorbent resin has a high porosity in the dry state and a large pore size between 100 and 1000nm, so it is called macroporous adsorbent resin. Macroporous resin has larger surface area, faster exchange rate, high mechanical strength, strong anti-pollution ability, good thermal stability, and can be used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. Macroporous adsorption resin has very good adsorption performance, it is physicochemical properties are stable, insoluble in acid, alkali and organic solvents, good selectivity of organic matter, not affected by the presence of inorganic salts and strong ionic low molecular compounds, can be selective adsorption of organic substances from aqueous solution through physical adsorption. Macroporous resins are separation materials combining the principles of adsorption and screening, based on which organic compounds are separated by certain solvent elution on the macroporous adsorption resins according to the difference in adsorption force and molecular weight. Due to the inherent characteristics of the large pore adsorption resin, it can enrich and separate drugs with different parent structures, and can be used for the separation and purification of single or compounded formulations. However, there are many types of macroporous adsorbent resins, with different properties and uses, and the composition of traditional Chinese medicine is extremely complex, especially compound traditional Chinese medicine, so it is necessary to clarify the category and nature of the active ingredients according to the function and treatment, and according to the principle of "similar solubility", i.e., general nonpolar adsorbent is suitable for adsorption of nonpolar organics from polar solution (e.g., water); and highly polar adsorbent is suitable for adsorption of nonpolar organics from polar solution (e.g., water); whereas High-polarity adsorbents are suitable for adsorption of polar solutes from non-polar solutions; medium-polarity adsorbents are not only able to adsorb polar substances from non-aqueous media, but also have a certain degree of hydrophobicity, so that they can also adsorb non-polar substances from polar solutions.2 The application of large-pore adsorbent resins in traditional Chinese medicinesMassive adsorbent resins have been applied to extraction and separation of the chemical compositions of traditional Chinese herbal medicines since the end of the 70s of the last century, and the extraction and separation of chemical compositions of traditional Chinese medicines was begun at the Research Institute of Phytochemistry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in 1979. In 1979, the Department of Phytochemistry of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences reported that macroporous resins could be used for the separation of uracil and uracil nucleosides from the alkaloids of Sanguisorba, Paeonia lactiflora glycosides, tianmai glycosides, and thinly capped Ganoderma lucidum. Its chemical components of herbal medicine such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins and some other glycoside components have certain adsorption effect. Such as ginseng saponin, glycyrrhizic acid, Panax ginseng saponin, gibberellin, tribulus terrestris saponin, tartufo saponin, total saponin, total saponin, saxifrage saponin, saxifrage saponin, ginseng saponin, ginkgo biloba flavonoids, Pueraria lobata flavonoids, hesperidin, buckwheat rutin, chuanwu, chuanwu total alkaloids, hippocastanum, ligustici chuanxiong extract (containing chuanxiong zine and ferulic acid), ginkgo bilobalactone and bilobalactone, Salvia divinorum, theanphenolic acid, teat polyphenols , purslane, total white peony glycosides, total red peony glycosides, perilla pigment, bilirubin, rhubarb free anthraquinone and so on. It has poor adsorption capacity for sugars and strong adsorption capacity for pigments. The porous structure and selective adsorption function of macroporous adsorbent resin can be used to separate and refine the active ingredients or effective parts from the extract of traditional Chinese medicine, and maximize the roughness to get the essence, so this technology has been widely used in the modernization research of various types of traditional Chinese medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compound. Chinese medicine compounding using macroporous resin adsorption process features: (1) can improve the relative content of the active ingredients in the preparation of Chinese medicine: only from the solid yield of a point of view, boiled method is generally 30% of the amount of the original amount of drugs, alcohol precipitation method is generally 15% of the amount of the original amount of drugs, and the use of macroporous resin technology for the original amount of drugs only about 2% -5%. It can overcome the shortcomings of traditional pCms, which are "coarse, big and black". At the same time, it can save the packaging cost of finished products. (2) The product does not absorb moisture: a large number of sugars, inorganic salts, mucus and other strong moisture-absorbent components in the decoction are not removed by the adsorption of macroporous resin, so it is easy to be operated and preserved because it is less moisture-absorbent when it is used as a solid preparation. (3) Shorten the production cycle: eliminating the time-consuming processes such as static precipitation, concentration, etc., saving production costs. (4) Remove heavy metal pollution, improve the international competitiveness of finished products.3 Problems in the application of macroporous resin adsorption technologyAt present, the main problems in the application of macroporous resin adsorption and separation technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine are as follows: firstly, the compound of traditional Chinese medicine works through multi-components and multi-targets, and its active ingredients belong to all kinds of chemical substances, with great differences in physical and chemical properties, but the adsorption characteristics of macroporous resin on all kinds of components are generally different, and the adsorption amount varies greatly, so it is difficult to make a solid preparation. However, the adsorption characteristics of macroporous resins for various components are generally different, and the adsorption amount varies greatly, so it is difficult to separate all the active ingredients with one kind of resin, and a variety of resins are often needed for joint application, which increases the complexity and cost of the process; moreover, the effect of refining certain polysaccharides and peptides in traditional Chinese medicine with the adsorption technology of macroporous resins is not good. Secondly, the adsorption capacity of macroporous resin needs to be improved. Once again, the macroporous resin will fall off in the form of fragments due to decay during the process of use, which will enter into the pharmaceutical solution and produce secondary pollution, seriously affecting the safety of the product, and certain techniques need to be adopted to remove the resin fragments that have fallen off to improve the safety of the drug. Therefore, the key of using large-pore adsorption resin to refine traditional Chinese medicine is to ensure the safety, efficacy, stability and controllability of the application. (1) The composition and structure of the safety resin determine the adsorption performance of the resin, but also to understand the possible harmful residues. For example, the AB-8 resin produced by Tianjin Nankai University Chemical Plant has styrene as the monomer, divinylbenzene as the cross-linking agent, hydrocarbons as the porogenic agent and gelatin as the dispersant. Among the residues are styrene, aromatic hydrocarbons (alkylbenzene, indene, naphthalene, ethylbenzene, etc.), aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, and the probable sources of these substances are the incompletely reacted monomers, cross-linking agents, additives, and a variety of impurities introduced by impurity of the raw material itself. Obviously, the specification standards and quality requirements of the resin itself play a decisive role in the purification effect and safety of Chinese medicine extract. Therefore, the practical application of the resin should be provided to the resin provider for the following information, in order to fully understand the structure, performance and scope of application of various resins: macroporous adsorbent resin specifications standards include the name, brand (type) number, structure (including crosslinking agent), appearance, polarity; as well as the range of particle size, moisture content, wet density (true density, apparent density), dry density (apparent density, skeleton density), specific surface, average pore size, porosity, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore size, pore density, pore density, pore density, pore density, pore density, pore density and pore density. Pore size, porosity, pore volume and other physical parameters; also includes unpolymerized monomer, crosslinking agent, porogenic agents and other additives such as residue limits and other parameters. The main purpose should be written, and explain the specifications of the standard level and the relevant standard symbols and so on. (2) Effectiveness In recent years, the application of macroporous resin adsorption technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine has been increasing, and its advantages in refining traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas are also getting more and more attention. However, due to the complexity of the components in Chinese medicine compound prescriptions, the active ingredients may be a series of multiple compounds, including the active ingredients of the single drugs that make up the compound prescriptions as well as the complexes that may be formed by the extraction of the compound prescriptions. The adsorption selectivity of the macroporous resin for different components is very different, together with the existence of adsorption competition among different components, which makes the actual adsorption situation very complicated, and the retention rate of the active ingredients in the compound prescription after resin refining is also different, which will change the dosage ratio among the flavors of the medicine. Therefore, when the compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine is purified with macroporous resin, the purpose of purification should be clarified firstly, the necessity of resin purification and the reasonableness of the method should be fully considered, and the basic problem of effectiveness evaluation should be solved. Separation and purification of compound prescriptions with resin is the development trend, but because of the many components of traditional Chinese medicine, a component does not represent the full effect of the formula (nature, strength), especially the compound, unknown components, so the mixture of traditional Chinese medicine compound on the column of the purification should be appropriate, sufficient to illustrate the effect of the purification of the study, to provide detailed experimental information, generally only an indicator, an eluent can not be illustrated by the effect of purification, according to the composition of the prescription as far as possible, with each drug to the extent possible, and the method is reasonable. According to the composition of the prescription as far as possible to the main active ingredient of each drug as an indicator to monitor the adsorption and separation process, in the case of difficulties can be combined with other physical and chemical indicators. When it is difficult to ensure the "quality" of physical and chemical indicators, it should also be used with the main pharmacodynamics comparison test to prove the "equivalence" of the drug before column and after elution. (3) Stability, controllability of large-pore adsorption resin purification of the main process steps are: on the column - adsorption - elution. In the application of the adsorption and separation process should be stable and controllable. We can use the amount of target extracts on the column, specific adsorption, retention rate, purity and other parameters to evaluate the purification effect, establish the purification process of standardized research standards, to prevent the leakage of components or leakage of washing, and examine the factors, so as to ensure the stability of the industrial production, and then to achieve the purpose of the controllable. At present, the State Food and Drug Administration has preliminarily formulated the corresponding quality standards and standardized technical documents for the application of macroporous adsorbent resin in the compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine. It can be believed that, with the deepening of basic and applied research, the adsorption and separation technology of macroporous adsorbent resin will be better developed, which will certainly play a positive role in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. The application of macroporous resin in the separation of traditional Chinese medicine is insoluble in acid, alkali and organic solvents of organic polymers, the application of macroporous resin separation technology is one of the new separation technologies developed in the late 1960s following the development of ion-exchange resins. The pore size and specific surface area of macroporous resins are relatively large, and there is a three-dimensional pore structure inside the resins. Due to the advantages of high physicochemical stability, large specific surface area, large adsorption capacity, good selectivity, fast adsorption, mild desorption conditions, convenient regeneration treatment, long service life, suitable for constituting a closed-loop cycle, cost savings, etc., this paper presents a study on the nature of macroporous resins, the principle of separation, factors affecting adsorption and desorption, resin pre-processing, and the effects on the separation of organic polymers and organic solvents. In this paper, the nature of macroporous resin, separation principle, factors affecting adsorption and desorption, pretreatment and regeneration of the resin, solvent residue and other aspects of macroporous adsorption resin are reviewed, in order to provide reference for the application of macroporous adsorption resin in the separation of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.1 The nature of the macroporous resin and the principle of separation of the macroporous adsorbent resin is mainly based on styrene, а-methylstyrene, methyl methacrylate, propionitrile and so on, as raw material, with a certain amount of pore-causing agent, diethylbenzene, which is made by polymerization. They are mostly spherical particles with a diameter of 0.3~1.25mm, usually non-polar, weakly polar and moderately polar, soluble in solvents, and stable to dilute acids and alkalis at room temperature. From the microstructure, macroporous adsorbent resin contains many reticulated pore structures with microscopic spheres, the total surface area of the particles is large, with certain polar groups, so that the macroporous resin has a large adsorption capacity; on the other hand, some of the reticulated pore diameter has a certain range, so that they have a certain degree of selectivity for compounds passing through the pore size according to the difference in their molecular weights. Through adsorption and molecular sieve principle, organic compounds according to the different adsorption force and molecular weight, in the large pore adsorption resin by a certain solvent elution to achieve the purpose of separation. 2 adsorption and desorption of the factors affecting the 2.1 the resin structure of the adsorption of large pore resin mainly depends on the adsorbent surface properties, that is, the resin's polarity (functional group) and the spatial structure (pore size, surface area, pore volume), general non-polar compounds, generally, the pore diameter, pore volume and pore volume. Generally, non-polar compounds can be adsorbed in water by non-polar resins, while polar resins can easily adsorb polar substances in water. Liu et al. studied the adsorption of isoflavones in soybean whey wastewater by macroporous resin, and found that because of heating and alkali solubilization, some flavonoid glycosides were generated into glycosides, so the non-polar and weakly polar macroporous resins were favorable for adsorption of isoflavones, and the desorption was easy. Han Jinyu et al. studied five kinds of macroporous resins and found that the weakly polar resin AB8 was suitable for the separation of ginkgolide and bilberry lactone. Pan et al. studied 10 kinds of macroporous resins and found that polar and weakly polar resins were favorable for the adsorption and desorption of Pueraria Mirifica isoflavones, and their higher specific surface area, larger pore size and smaller pore volume were favorable for adsorption.2.2 Influence of the structure of adsorbed compounds Generally speaking, the molecular weight and polarity of adsorbed compounds directly affect the adsorption effect. Ou Lailiang et al. found that the molecular structure of Pueraria Mirifica has a polar sugar group (Glu) and a non-polar flavonoid nucleus, the structure of the overall weak polarity, but also has a phenolic hydroxyl structure, which can serve as a good hydrogen-bonding donor, so the adsorbent resin with a weak polarity and the structure of the hydrogen-bonding acceptor has a better effect on the separation of Pueraria Mirifica. At the same time, the macroporous resin itself is a kind of molecular sieve, which can separate the substances according to the molecular weight. For example, Pan et al. found that the adsorption capacity of resins with pore size less than 10 nm for the components of Pueraria lobata with larger molecular weights was not high. Zhu Hao et al. explored the characteristics of LD605-type macroporous resin for purification of effective parts with different mother nucleus structures, and found that the adsorption capacity of herbs was alkaloids > flavonoids > phenolic components > inorganic substances, and the adsorption capacity of indicator components was flavonoids > alkaloids > phenolic components > inorganic substances. 2.3 The influence of the eluant Usually the smaller the polarity of the eluant, the stronger is the eluent capacity. Generally, the smaller the polarity of the eluent, the stronger its elution ability, generally first eluted with distilled water, and then eluted with ethanol and methanol with gradually increasing concentration. Water-soluble impurities such as polysaccharides, proteins, tannins, etc. will flow down with the water, and the substances with small polarity will flow down afterward. For some substances with acidity and alkalinity, different concentrations of acid and alkali combined with organic solvents can be used for elution. Ren H. et al. found that the elution effect of hydrochloric acid was better than that of organic solvent in the extraction and separation of ephedrine by macroporous resin, and the elution rate was improved when 0.02 mol/L hydrochloric acid was mixed with methanol in different ratios. Zhu Ying et al. used macroporous resin to separate oil tea saponins and flavonoids, found that 20%, 30% ethanol eluent mainly contains flavonoids, 40%, 50%, 95% mainly contains oil tea saponins. 2.4 The effect of pH value of many components of traditional Chinese medicine have a certain acidity and alkalinity, solubility is different in solutions with different pH values, in the application of macroporous resin treatment of this type of components the influence of pH value is critical. For alkaline substances are generally adsorbed in alkaline solution and desorbed in acid solution, acidic substances are generally adsorbed in acid solution and desorbed in alkaline solution, for example, ephedrine, Ren Hai found that the best adsorption is at pH 11.0, and the adsorption amount is very little at 5.0 and 7.0 due to the fact that ephedrine has been protonated. However, there are exceptions, such as Huang [8] on the grass alkaloids found that pH on the SIP1300-type macroporous resins do not have a significant effect.2.5 The effect of temperature of the adsorption of macroporous resins is mainly due to its huge surface area, is a physical adsorption, low temperature is not conducive to adsorption, but in the adsorption process will release a certain amount of heat, so the operating temperature also has a certain effect on its adsorption. Pan Liao Ming et al. LSA8 resin adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the study, the resin at different temperatures on the adsorption of soybean isoflavones isotherms, analysis of the resin at 35 ℃ on the soybean isoflavones have a better adsorption effect. 2.6 The impact of the concentration of the stock solution stock solution concentration is also an important factor affecting the adsorption of the Huang and other research shows that if the stock solution concentration is too low purification time increases, efficiency decreases; stock solution concentration of the stock solution concentration is also an important factor affecting the adsorption of the Huang and other research shows that if the stock solution concentration is too low purification time increases, efficiency decreases. Huang et al. showed that if the concentration of the stock solution is too low, the purification time increases and the efficiency decreases; if the concentration of the stock solution is too high, the leakage is early, the processing capacity is small, and the regeneration cycle of the resin is short. Han Jinyu et al. showed that the adsorption of AB8 resin on total ginkgolides was the first to increase with the increase of concentration. After reaching a certain value, the adsorption of AB8 resin on total ginkgolides firstly increased with the increase of concentration, and then decreased with the increase of concentration, while the total adsorption increased with the increase of concentration, and basically did not change after reaching a certain value.2.7 Other influencing factorsThe drug solution should be pre-treated before going up the column, and the pre-treatment is not good enough, which will make the large-pore resin adsorbed too much impurity, thus reducing the adsorption of the active ingredient. The flow rate of the eluent, the particle size of the resin and the height of the resin column will also have some influence, usually higher flow rate of the eluent, smaller particle size of the resin and lower height of the resin are conducive to the increase of adsorption speed, but at the same time, it also makes the adsorption amount of a single column reduced. The thickness of the glass column will also affect the separation effect, when the column is too thin, the elution, the resin is easy to agglomerate, easy to produce bubbles on the wall, the flow rate will gradually drop to zero.3 pretreatment and regeneration of large pore adsorption resin large pore resin generally contains unpolymerized monomers, pore making agent, initiator and its decomposition of the substance, dispersant and preservative and other fat-soluble impurities, should be pretreated before use. General selection of methanol, ethanol or acetone continuous washing several times, wash to add the right amount of water to no white turbidity, and then wash with distilled water to no alcohol can be tasted. If necessary, it should be washed with acid and alkali solution, and finally washed with distilled water to neutral. After a long time, the impurities adsorbed by the resin will increase and reduce its adsorption capacity, so it needs to be regenerated after a period of time. Resin regeneration can usually be realized with solvents, ethanol is a common regeneration agent. The use of about 80% of the aqueous alcohol, ketone or acid, alkali containing aqueous alcohol, ketone washing, regeneration effect is also very good, some of the low-polarity organic impurities, can be regenerated using low-polarity solvents. 4 organic solvent residue control of macroporous resin technology has been listed as a national "Tenth Five-Year Plan" during the focus on the promotion of technology, but the macroporous resin organic solvent safety issues exist in many cases. However, the safety of organic solvent residues in macroporous resin is a subject of much debate. Therefore, the State Drug Administration has stipulated that the organic solvent residues in macroporous resin should be detected and the amount of residues should be controlled. Yuan Hailong et al. achieved good results in the determination of seven possible residues of D101 macroporous resin by capillary gas chromatography with headspace injection. Lu Yuzhao et al.'s study also showed that the alcohol treatment and acid-base treatment of D101 type macroporous resin extraction of traditional Chinese medicine is safe and reliable. 5 macroporous adsorbent resin in the study of the composition of traditional Chinese medicine, in the study of the extraction of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, the application of macroporous resins most of the flavonoids (glycosides), saponins and other glycosides, alkaloids, free anthraquinones, phenolic substances, trace elements, etc., is also used in the study. 5.1 Flavonoids (glycosides), saponin, and other glycosides, alkaloids, etc., are also used in the study of free anthraquinones, phenolics, trace elements. 5.1 Flavonoids (glycosides) most representative of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), Chen Chong et al. [14] applied macroporous resin extraction of GBE, not only to achieve its quality standards, but also to reduce the cost. Shi Zuo-Qing et al. developed ADS17, ADS21, ADSF8 and other macroporous resins, of which ADS17 has a very good selectivity for flavonoids, and GBE with high flavonoid glycoside content can be obtained.Lu Zhike et al. studied the characteristics of macroporous resins adsorption and separation of bamboo leaf flavonoids, and chose six kinds of macroporous adsorption, compared its adsorption performance and adsorption kinetics of bamboo leaf flavonoids and found that the AB8 resin was more suitable for the separation of bamboo leaf flavonoids and the adsorption kinetics, and found the AB8 resin was more suitable for the separation of bamboo leaf flavonoids. It was found that AB8 resin was more suitable for the purification of bamboo leaf flavonoids, and after adsorption and separation by AB8 resin, the flavonoid content in the extract was more than doubled.5.2 Saponins and other glycosidesMacroporous resins have been used in many applications in the extraction and purification process of glycosides. For example, Cai Xiong et al. studied the adsorption performance and elution parameters of D101-type macroporous adsorption resin for ginsenoside enrichment and purification, and the results showed that the elution rate of ginsenoside was over 90% with 50% ethanol elution, and the purity of ginsenoside in the total solids after drying was up to 60.1%. Li Chaoxing et al. screened seven kinds of adsorbent resins and found that the adsorption of AASI-2 resin on ginsenosides was large and fast, and it was easy to elute and had high recovery rate by comparing the pore size and specific surface area of the resin. Li Qingyong et al. investigated the best process of extracting butyroside from Gynostemma saponins with macroporous resin and found that the best extraction method for Gynostemma saponins was to use water as solvent, ultrasonic extraction at room temperature, and then concentrate the extract and detect the content of butyroside by HPLC. The resin was added into the concentrated solution according to the mass ratio of butyroside to dry resin of 0.021, and then adsorbed by slow stirring for 1h, and the equilibrium time of the adsorption was about 1h, and the extract was centrifuged, and then filtered out of the resin and loaded onto a column, then adsorbed with 20% ethanol by volume and the extract was recovered. The product was eluted with 20% v/v ethanol-dichloromethane mixed solvent, the eluate was collected and then freeze-dried.5.3 AlkaloidsLuo Jipeng et al. used macroporous resin to enrich berberine in Huanglian medicinal herbs and their preparations, and showed that the desorption ability of 50% methanol containing 0.5% sulfuric acid was good, and the average recovery was 100.03%, which met the requirements for quantitative analysis of the active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicines and their preparations, therefore, it met the requirements for quantitative analysis of the active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicines and their preparations. Therefore, it can be used for the enrichment and removal of berberine in Rhizoma Coptidis and its preparations. Zhang Hong et al. investigated seven kinds of macroporous resins and found that AB-8 was a suitable adsorbent with good adsorption and desorption effects. The results showed that 27 ℃, 1 mol/L salt ion concentration and pH 8 aqueous phase were the optimal conditions for sampling, and the eluent was a mixture of chloroform-ethanol (1∶1) solvent at pH 3. Qin Xuegong and Yuan Yingjin applied the DF01 resin to adsorb alkaloids directly from the bitter bean seed extract, and the adsorption amount of total alkaloids could reach more than 17 mg/mL under the conditions of room temperature, adsorbent pH 10, NaCl concentration 1.0 mol/L, and adsorption flow rate 5BV/h. The results showed that the total alkaloids could be adsorbed at the adsorption rate of 5BV/h. Under the desorption flow rate of 2.5BV/h at room temperature, the desorption rate could reach more than 96% with the desorption of 80∶20 ethanol-water as desorbent at pH 3.5.4 Others Huang Yuan et al. purified the total anthraquinone from rhubarb extract by gelatin precipitation method, alcohol pH adjustment method, polyamide method, and large-pore adsorbent resin method, and the study showed that the yield of solids in the purified solution obtained by the four purification methods was significantly reduced, and the retention rate of total anthraquinone had a significant decrease in the yield. The retention rates of anthraquinone were significantly different, with the highest rates (93.21% and 95.63%) obtained with Resin Ⅰ and Ⅱ macroporous adsorbent resins. Ye Yuchong and Huang Rong applied AmberliteXAD2 macroporous adsorbent resin to separate the organic and inorganic forms of iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the decoction of Gynostemma gibbosum, and found that the recoveries were better at pH 4.5, and the inorganic eluent was 1% nitric acid, while the organic eluent was ethanol-methanol 6 mol/L. The recoveries were better in the pH 4.5, and the inorganic eluent was 1% nitric acid. The inorganic eluent was 1% nitric acid, and the organic eluent was 6 mol/L ammonia in ethanol-methanol system. Li Jinfei et al. chose NKA9 resin to separate and enrich chlorogenic acid from Cortex Eucommiae leaves, and concluded that the optimal separation conditions of NKA9 resin for chlorogenic acid in the extract were as follows: when the concentration of the feed solution was lower than 0.3 mg/mL, pH3, flow rate of 2 mg/mL, eluted with 50% ethanol, and the purity of the crude product was obtained to be 25.12%, and the yield was 78.5%. Deng Shaowei and Ma Shuangcheng concentrated the alcoholic extract of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong under reduced pressure, passed through a macroporous resin column, washed with water until the reducing sugar reaction was negative, and then eluted with 30% ethanol, collected the 30% ethanol eluate, and then concentrated the Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong under reduced pressure, in which the contents of Chuanxiongzine and ferulic acid accounted for about 25%-29% of the product. Pretreatment of macroporous adsorbent resin Newly purchased resin may contain chemical residues such as dispersants, porogenic agents, inert solvents, etc., so it should be pretreated according to the following steps before use.1 Clean the adsorbent column and pipeline before loading the column and drain the water in the equipment to prevent the contamination of the resin by hazardous substances.2 Add 0.5 times the water equivalent to the loaded resin to the adsorbent column, then put the new macroporous resin into the column, drain out excess water from the bottom of the column, and keep the water surface higher than the resin, and keep the water surface above the bottom of the column, so that the new macroporous resin can be used as a pretreatment. drain and keep the water surface about 20 cm above the surface of the resin layer until all of the resin has been transferred into the column.3 Add water slowly from the low part of the resin, gradually increase the flow rate of the water to bring the resin bed close to full expansion, and maintain this recoil flow rate until all air bubbles have been exhausted, all particles are fully expanded, and the small particles of resin are flushed out.4 Run ethanol at a flow rate of 2 BV/H with 2 times the volume of the resin bed (2 BV) through the Resin layer and keep the liquid level high, soak overnight.5 Pass the resin layer with 2.5-5BV ethanol at a flow rate of 2BV/H, wash until the effluent is not white and turbid when water is added to it.6 Release a small amount of ethanol from the column to check if the resin is washed or not, otherwise continue to wash the column with ethanol until it meets the requirements. Check methods: a. Detection of water-insoluble substances take an appropriate amount of ethanol eluent, mixed with the same volume of deionized water, the solution should be clarified; and then placed at 10 ℃ for 30 minutes, the solution should still be clarified. b. Check the non-volatile substances take an appropriate amount of ethanol eluent, scanning UV spectra within the range of 200-400 nm, at about 250 nm there should be no obvious ultraviolet absorption. 7 with deionized water with a flow rate of 2BV/H through the resin layer, washed with ethanol, and then washed with ethanol. The ethanol was washed with deionized water at a flow rate of 2BV/H.8 The resin layer was washed with a 2BV4% HCL solution at a flow rate of 5BV/H and soaked for 3 hours, then washed with deionized water at the same flow rate until the aqueous wash solution was neutral (pH=7 on pH paper).9 The resin layer was washed with a 2.5BV5% NaOH solution at a flow rate of 5BV/H and soaked for 3 hours, then washed with deionized water at the same flow rate until the aqueous wash solution was neutral (pH=7 on pH paper).10 The resin was washed with a 2.5BV5% NaOH solution at a flow rate of 5BV/H for 3 hours. Then wash with deionized water at the same flow rate until the aqueous wash solution is neutral (pH=7 on pH paper).10 Determination of the end point of resin adsorption saturation: the drug solution passes through the resin column at a certain speed, according to the budgeted dosage, in the vicinity of which, take about 3 ml of the liquid over the column, put it into a 10 ml stoppered test tube, and then shake vigorously after the stopper is tightly closed. Observe the foam duration, if the foam duration is more than 15 minutes, it is positive, then the resin is saturated. Correct selection of adsorbent resin type and ethanol concentration for desorption (eluent)