There is no real estate certificate.
Most of the poverty alleviation and demolition resettlement houses are houses with small property rights, that is, the land belongs to collective land (or state-owned allocated land). This type of real estate is not allowed to be listed and traded before the government allows it.
Small-property houses refer to houses built on rural collective land for which land transfer fees and other fees have not been paid. Their property rights certificates are not issued by the national housing management department, but by the township government or village government. It is called "rural property housing". "Small property rights housing" is not a legal concept, but a customary term formed by people in social practice. This type of house does not have a land use certificate and pre-sale license issued by the state, and the purchase contract will not be registered with the Land and Housing Administration Bureau. The so-called property rights certificate is not a truly legal and valid property rights certificate.
The high housing prices in many large and medium-sized cities in China are one of the important reasons for the emergence of low-property housing. Due to China's unbalanced economic and social development, housing prices in several major cities have risen rapidly over a long period of time, far exceeding the income levels of ordinary local employees at that time. At the same time, the construction of government affordable housing and low-rent housing cannot meet these housing needs. There are a large number of realistic buyers of houses with small property rights.
According to legal provisions, farmers can operate their own businesses on rural collective-owned homesteads and collective construction land, and the houses built by farmers can also be traded. It is precisely because there are many ambiguities in policies and laws that have led to the proliferation of small-property housing construction in various places, leaving a slippery slope between legality and illegality.
Extended information:
Small-property houses are properties that farmers collectively build on their collectively owned collective construction land and homesteads. They do not need to pay similar fees to developers for acquiring land. The land use rights transfer fee to the government (including land acquisition fees paid by the government to expropriate farmers' collective land); the development is led by the village collective, eliminating the need for infrastructure supporting fees and other municipal construction fees and costs. During this development process, the farmers' collective income from selling small-property houses was higher than the amount of compensation for the government's expropriated land.
Reference materials:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Small Property Rights Housing