Question 2: What is production planning? What is the purpose and principle of its development program? How is it managed? Reproduced the following information for reference
Production plan is about the overall aspects of the enterprise production and operation system plans, is the enterprise in the planning period should be achieved product variety, quality, production and output value of production tasks such as planning and scheduling of product production schedule. It reflects not a few production positions or a production line production activities, and not the details of product production and some specific machinery and equipment, manpower and other production resources, but the use of arrangements to guide the enterprise planning period of production activities of the program.
The production plan is to meet customer requirements on the one hand, the three elements of "delivery, quality, cost" and planning; on the other hand, to enable enterprises to obtain the appropriate benefits, and the production of the three elements of "materials, personnel, machinery and equipment" of the exact preparation, The plan for the distribution and use of the three elements of production "materials, personnel, machinery and equipment".
An optimized production plan must have the following three characteristics:
1) conducive to the full use of sales opportunities, to meet market demand;
2) conducive to the full use of profit opportunities, to achieve the lowest cost of production;
3) conducive to the full use of production resources to minimize the production of idle resources and waste.
The task of production planning
1, to ensure that the delivery date and the amount of production;
2, so that the enterprise to maintain its production capacity commensurate with the workload (load) and the appropriate start rate;
3, as the basis for the benchmark for the purchase of materials;
4, will be important to maintain the stock of products or materials at the appropriate level;
5, for the long-term production plan, to do personnel and machinery and equipment to replenish the arrangements.
The content of the production plan
1, the production of what things - product name, part name;
Example: the production of auto parts industry, a cam, the name code: kj908
2, the production of how many - the number or weight;
Because of the guest order needs to be 10000, that the actual production should take into account the generation of scrap, we need to put into production 10500, in order to ensure the delivery of 10000.
3, where the production - departments, units;
Because of the characteristics of the manufacturing industry, it is clear that we are mainly in the production sector to complete the target, the refinement is in the production of the various processes between the shifts process, including: casting, forging, lathe, milling machine, high-frequency quenching, grinding machine, cleaning, etc..
4, when the requirements are completed - period, delivery.
If the guest order delivery requirements in the 20th of the month, then the company production to completion should be completed before the 20th, and need to consider the logistics and transportation time to ensure that customers can receive goods within the time limit.
Steps in the preparation of the production plan
The preparation of the production plan must follow four steps
(1) collect information, sub-study. Resource information and production information needed to prepare the production plan.
(2) the development of an optimized planning program co-ordination. Preliminary determination of the various production plan indicators, including the preferential selection and determination of production indicators, the determination of quality indicators, the reasonable mix of product varieties, and the reasonable arrangement of the product production schedule.
(3) the preparation of the draft plan to do a good job of the balance of the production plan. Mainly production targets and production capacity of the balance; measuring the main production equipment and production area of the enterprise to ensure the degree of production tasks; production tasks and labor, material supply, energy, production technology to prepare for the balance between the ability; production targets and capital, cost, profit and other indicators of the balance between.
(4) Discussion of the amendment and finalization of the approval of the comprehensive balance of the plan to make appropriate adjustments, the correct formulation of the production targets. Report to the general manager or higher authorities for approval.
At the same time, the preparation of the production plan should pay attention to the overall situation, efficiency, balance, mass and adaptability.
Production plan scheduling
Production plan scheduling arrangements should pay attention to the principles
1, the principle of successive delivery date: the shorter the delivery date, the more urgent delivery time of the product, the more should be arranged in the earliest time of production. 2, the principle of customer classification: customers have key customers, general customer points, the more key customers, the more attention should be paid to its scheduling. If the company according to sales according to the ABC method of customer categorization, class A customers should be treated with the highest priority, class B, followed by class C more.
3, the principle of capacity balance: the production of the production line should be smooth, semi-finished product production line and finished product production line production speed should be the same, the machine load should be taken into account, can not produce a bottleneck in production, there is a stop line waiting for the event.
4, the principle of process flow: the more the process of the product, the longer the manufacturing time, should focus on.
Production planning scheduling decision-making situation description
The purpose of production planning scheduling is to generate a detailed short-term production plan for the workshop. The production schedule specifies how each order within the scope of the plan is to be produced within ...... >>
Question 3: What is the purpose of setting the production schedule attainment rate Unreasonable.
The production plan to achieve the rate of the purpose of the overall assessment of the entire production operation of the ability to plan the Department must be a variety of abnormalities in the possibility of a reasonable assessment to develop an accurate production plan, but also must lead the promotion of other sectors of the effective implementation of the production plan impact.
A low rate of achievement indicates that there are still many problems within the company, which must be resolved to take action to solve, rather than change the definition of the indicator, otherwise the company's ability to operate is difficult to improve.
Of course, the Planning Department can point out the proportion of impacts caused by other departments when analyzing the reasons for low targets.
Question 4: What is the role of production planning? With the expansion of the scale of production, more equipment, orders keep changing, cost pressures, customer requirements for shorter and shorter delivery time, these various reasons have led to the increasing complexity of production management, resulting in the site often lose sight of the other, and ultimately consume more resources, pay more costs, but still can not meet customer demand. These reasons have finally made the production management personnel to recognize the importance of production planning, a good plan can make the production of organized, conducive to improving resource utilization, reduce production and operating costs.
The role of production planning is multi-dimensional.
(1) process
, the smallest unit of production scheduling, in the absence of a production plan, because there is no specific process start, end time, production scheduling is blind, but also lead to the blindness of the resource preparation and resource distribution. This is undoubtedly difficult to accept for enterprises that want to realize refined management.
(2) equipment
, the main carrier of manufacturing, some equipment is expensive, high depreciation, need to work day and night to improve its utilization rate, some equipment with special features, other equipment can not be replaced, but also need to work to the maximum capacity to ensure that the production task. Without a detailed production work plan, it is impossible to predict the utilization of resources and the load, and it is impossible to make the bottleneck equipment play its maximum capacity.
Materials, the source of finished goods, the procurement of materials is the most important factor in the ability to ensure that the delivery date, because equipment failure can be replaced to temporarily adjust the equipment, important processes can be adjusted to prioritize other processes to make way to ensure delivery, but if the material can not be on time in place, then all the efforts of the opportunity to have no, so the arrival of materials to predict the situation, and accurately predict production! Therefore, it is important to forecast the arrival of materials and accurately predict what kind of materials will be in short supply at the production site when it is very important, and the detailed production operation plan can provide inventory forecasting and management of materials.
(3) Reduce inventory
, inventory is related to the occupation of funds, is the burden of the enterprise, how to reduce inventory, has been the production management to face the problem. In the face of a batch of orders, how many resources are needed, inventory now can meet the situation? Do not meet the need to purchase how much? When to purchase? These are no way to know, that is to say, the management of inventory is passive, so it can not be realized inventory control. In this case, we can only rely on experience to maintain a certain amount of inventory, to ensure that the amount of inventory on the occupation of liquidity, which is the pursuit of zero inventory of production management ideals back and forth.
(4) fine cost management
Question 5: What is the basis for the development of the production plan, what is the role based on existing sales orders and sales forecasts, the role is to guide the production, to determine the production tasks, to complete the program objectives to meet market demand, to achieve corporate profitability.
Question 6: What is the purpose of the master production plan? 20 points can anticipate production costs and output, while effectively controlling the waste and loss of resources according to market changes. It also prevents artificially increasing or decreasing the cost variance rate.
Question 7: What is the main purpose of management? What is management? What is management
Management is the process of decision-making, planning, organizing, directing, implementing, and controlling in order to achieve a certain purpose.
The purpose of management is efficiency and effectiveness. The core of management is people. The essence of management is coordination, the center of coordination is people.
The true meaning of management is to aggregate all kinds of resources of the enterprise, fully utilize the function of management, to obtain the best return on optimal inputs, in order to achieve the established objectives of the enterprise for supply.
The specific content of enterprise management: 1, plan management through forecasting, planning, budgeting, decision-making and other means, the enterprise's economic activities effectively organized around the requirements of the overall goal. Program management reflects the goal management. 2, organizational management to establish the organizational structure, the provisions of the job or position, a clear relationship between responsibility and power, so that members of the organization to collaborate with each other, *** with the labor, the effective realization of the organizational goals 3, material management of the enterprise needs a variety of production materials for the planned organization of the procurement, supply, storage, economic use and comprehensive utilization. 4、Quality management Supervision, examination and inspection of the production results of the enterprise. 5, cost management around the occurrence of all costs and product costs for the formation of cost forecasting, cost planning, cost control, cost accounting, cost analysis, cost assessment. 6、Financial management Management of the enterprise's financial activities, including the formation, distribution and use of fixed funds, working capital, special funds, profit and so on. 7, labor and personnel management of the enterprise's economic activities and all aspects of labor and personnel to carry out comprehensive planning, unified organization, systematic control, flexible regulation. 8, marketing management. Is the enterprise on product pricing, promotion and distribution management. 9, team management. Refers to an organization, according to the nature of the work of the members, the ability to form a variety of departments, to participate in the organization of the decisions and solve problems and other matters, in order to improve organizational productivity and achieve organizational goals. 10, corporate culture management. It refers to the sorting, condensing, deep planting and upgrading of corporate culture. It is led by the corporate culture, matching the company's strategy, human resources, production, operation, marketing and other management lines and management modules.
The core of management is people - the most central issue in management is the motivation of people to motivate the issue is not manipulation, is not a hold, but the satisfaction of people's needs, is to meet the needs of people's behavior through the guidance and mobilization of people's enthusiasm. Human needs is human nature, recognize the characteristics of human nature, adapt to the characteristics of human nature, is the guarantee of the effectiveness of incentives. Human psychology and behavior has **** the same point only put yourself in the shoes of the heart, in order to win the staff's true heart, people are very different and constantly changing, the incentive methods applicable to Zhang Er, may not be effective for Li Si, therefore, there must be a difference between the significance of the reference and the role of the people because of the differences. Copy the theory and imitate others can not effectively motivate employees.
Question 8: Short answer: what is the goal of corporate production? The goal of the enterprise is the expected results to be achieved by realizing its purpose, and an enterprise without a goal is an enterprise without hope. American behavioral
scholar j. Gigler pointed out that setting a high goal is the same as achieving part of the goal.
The spirit is big, so it can become a great cause, and the starting point is high, so it can enter the high realm. The intention is far to be able to run, only those who set up ambitious goals, and
for the struggle of the enterprise to thrive.
The difference between goals and visions
The goal is specific, the vision is general;
The goal is about to be realized, can be achieved through the efforts of planning, vision is a picture of the future, can guide the staff to move forward ideally.
Vision helps to determine the development goals, development goals for the realization of vision services.
The basis and requirements of enterprise goal setting
* Guiding the direction of enterprise resource allocation to motivate employees
* Defining the direction of work efforts
* Measuring the effectiveness of business activities
* Creating a good reputation and brand image
Examples of enterprise goals
Goal of COSCO Tianjin: To create a first-class enterprise in the world and to be one of the world's top 500 companies. Ranked among the world's top 500 companies.
Chang'an Automobile's "three-three-three" goal:
The "three enterprises" of creating famous brands, launching celebrities, and striving to be a famous enterprise;
The "three capitalisms" of reducing costs, activating capital, and putting people first;
The "three capitalisms" of reducing costs, activating capital, and putting people first.
Reduce costs, activate capital, people-oriented "three capitalism";
Use of power, access to intelligence, develop the potential of the "three forces of thought".
SITO corporate goals:
China's IBM, the world's SITO.
Management of enterprise goals
The so-called management of enterprise goals means: the organization's top leaders in accordance with the situation faced by the organization and the needs of society, to formulate a certain period of time the organization's business activities to achieve the overall objectives, and then layer by layer to implement the requirements of the subordinates of the departments in charge of personnel and even each employee according to the objectives set by the superiors and ensure that the measures, the formation of a goal system, and the completion of the objectives as a basis for assessment. Target completion as the basis for assessment. In short, goal management is to allow the organization's supervisors and employees to personally participate in the formulation of goals, in the work of self-control, and strive to complete the work of the goal of a system or method.
Question 9: What is the main purpose of management? What is management? (A) functions
The process of management is an information-based decision-making process, specifically, management can be further divided into five functions, namely, planning, organizing, commanding, controlling and coordinating, their significance is as follows:
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(1) planning. This is the primary function of management, which makes predictions about future events in order to develop a program of action. Planning work is for the future development of things in the direction and process, focusing on solving two basic problems: First, the determination of the target problem. If the target selection is not right, the plan is more thorough and specific but also in vain, this is the key to the plan; the second is the process of the chronology, that is, what to do first, what to do after what can be done at the same time, can not be dislocated, this is the plan of the guidelines.
In management science, the study is the dynamic process of planning, that is to say, to study the plan is how to produce this process, so as to explore the development of a series of scientific procedures and methods of planning, management to provide scientific planning decisions. The planning function of management is to choose the overall objectives of the organization and the objectives of each department, and to decide on the course of action to achieve such objectives, so as to provide the basic basis for management activities. Therefore, the planning function is the primary function of management, is the bridge from the present to the future.
(2) organization. Refers to the completion of the plan required by the organizational structure, rules and regulations, human and material equipment. It has two basic requirements: one is to set up institutions according to the target requirements, clear positions, staffing, authority, responsibility, and the establishment of a unified organizational system; the second is to achieve the goal of the plan and the process of rationally organizing manpower, material and financial resources, and to ensure that they match each other in terms of quantity and quality, in order to achieve the best economic and social benefits.
(3) command. It refers to the behavior of the object belonging to the issuance of orders, scheduling, inspection. Command function is the use of organizational competence, play the role of leadership authority, according to the requirements of the plan objectives, all the management objects *** up to form an efficient chain of command, to ensure that the people and property in time and space of the mutual connection.
(4) coordination. Is to make each part of the organization or each member of the individual action can be subordinate to the collective goal, is the management process with a comprehensive, holistic function. Its function is to ensure that activities do not contradict, overlap and conflict, in order to establish a tacit cooperation relationship, to maintain the overall balance. Unlike command, coordination can be achieved not only by command, but also by adjusting interpersonal relationships, unblocking links, and forming **** knowledge to achieve balance.
(5) control. Control is to promote the organization's activities in accordance with the requirements of the plan to carry out the process. Control function is in accordance with the established goals, plans and standards, the actual situation of all aspects of organizational activities to check and examine, find gaps, analyze the causes, take measures, be corrected, so that the work can be carried out according to the original plan. Or according to changes in the objective situation, the plan to make appropriate adjustments to make it more in line with the actual. Control must have three basic conditions: a clear implementation standards, such as quantity, quotas, targets, rules and regulations, policies, etc.; Second, timely access to information on the occurrence of deviations, such as statements, briefings, original records, oral reports, etc.; Third, to correct the deviation of effective measures. Lack of any one condition, management activities will be out of control.
The control function is inseparable from the planning function. Plan is the premise of control, control to provide objectives and standards, there is no plan there is no control; control is the means to achieve the plan, no control work, the plan is not automatically formulated. Control activities for the realization of the plan to provide assurance.
Sometimes, the management of the command and coordination functions together called the leadership function. That is, the four functions of management said: planning, organizing, leading, controlling.
The above functions of management are interrelated and inseparable as a whole. Through the planning function, clear organizational goals and direction; through the organizational function, the establishment of the means to achieve the goal; through the command and coordination function, the individual's work and the collective goals to be achieved in harmony; through the control function, check the implementation of the plan to ensure the realization of the plan. The integrated use of these several functions of management, in the final analysis, in order to achieve the goals of the organization.
(ii) the organizational structure of management
Organization is an important means of ensuring the achievement of management objectives, is an important issue of management. Understanding the organizational structure of management will help us analyze and design information systems. In later chapters, we will see that when conducting information systems analysis and design, we need to understand the management organizational structure of an enterprise, and in the system implementation phase, the information system may significantly change the organizational structure of an enterprise, and these mean that without understanding the organization, we can not do well in the development of the system. The following are mainly related to the organization ...... >>
Question 10: What are the contents and objectives of production and operations management? The so-called production and operation management, refers to in order to achieve the enterprise business objectives. Improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, production and operation activities for planning, organization and control of a series of management work in general.
Production operations management has a narrow and broad division, narrow production operations management is limited to the operation of the production operations system management, in fact, the production operations system in the production process as the center of the object. Production operation management in the broad sense includes not only the operation management of the production operation system, but also the positioning and design management of the production operation system, which can be regarded as the sum of the management activities of selecting, designing, operating, controlling and updating the production operation system. Broadly speaking, production and operation management takes the production and operation system as a whole as its object, and in fact it is an all-round integrated management of all elements and inputs, production and operation processes, outputs and feedbacks of the production and operation system. According to the broad understanding of production operation management, in line with the development trend of modern production operation management.
The content of production operation management The content of production operation management in a broad sense can be divided into three major parts: positioning management, design management and operation management of the production operation system.
1, production and operation system strategic decision-making
Production and operation system strategic decision-making is from the output of the production system how to meet the needs of the community and the user, according to the analysis of the enterprise marketing system on the market demand situation and the conditions of the development of the enterprise and due to the limitations of the family, from the general principle of the solution to the problem of "what to produce, how many to produce " and "how to produce" problem. Specifically, the production and operation system war bribe decision-making from the requirements of the enterprise's competitive advantage of the production and operation system for strategic positioning, a clear choice of the structure of the production and operation system and the guiding ideology of the operating mechanism.
2, production and operation system design management
According to the production and operation system strategic management on the positioning of the production and operation system, specific production and operation system design and investment in construction. Generally includes two aspects:
1) product development management. Including product decision-making, product design, process selection and design, new product trial and identification management. Its purpose is to provide a full set of product production operations in a timely manner, can achieve satisfactory technical and economic results of the technical documents, and try to shorten the development cycle, reduce development costs.
2) plant facilities and machinery system purchase and construction management. This part of the content includes site selection, production and operation scale and technical level decision-making, plant facilities construction, equipment selection and configuration, plant layout, workshop and workplace layout. Its purpose is to staff fast speed, the least investment, the establishment of the most suitable for the production and operation of the enterprise, can form the main framework of the production and operation system of the enterprise's fixed assets.