Bauxite is actually a collective term for industrially available ores consisting of alumina trihydrate, soft alumina monohydrate, or hard alumina monohydrate as the main minerals. It has both metallic and non-metallic sets of fields.
Bauxite is the best raw material for the production of aluminum metal, but also the most important area of application, its use accounts for more than 90% of the world's total bauxite production. Non-metallic use of bauxite is mainly for refractory materials, grinding materials, chemical products and high aluminum cement raw materials. Bauxite in the non-metallic aspects of the proportion of the dosage is small, but the use is very extensive. For example: chemical products to sulfate, trihydrate and aluminum chloride and other products can be used for paper, water purification, ceramics and petroleum refining; activated alumina in the chemical, refining, pharmaceutical industry can be used as catalysts, catalyst carriers and decolorization, dehydration, degassing, degassing, drying, and other physical adsorbent; with r-Al2O3 production of aluminum chloride for dyes, rubber, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, and other organic synthesis set of; glass composition of 3% ~ 5% of bauxite, but it is very wide range of uses. Glass composition of 3% ~ 5% Al2O3 can improve the melting point, viscosity, strength; abrasive materials is the main raw material for high-grade grinding wheels, polishing powder; refractory materials are indispensable furnace materials in the industrial sector.
BauxiteAluminum metal is the second most important metal in the world after iron and steel, and the world's per capita consumption reached 3.29kg in 1995. due to the small specific gravity of aluminum, good electrical and thermal conductivity, easy to mechanical processing and many other excellent properties, and thus widely used in all sectors of the national economy. The world's largest amount of aluminum is the construction, transportation and packaging sectors, accounting for more than 60% of the total consumption of aluminum. Aluminum is an indispensable raw material for the electrical industry, aircraft manufacturing industry, machinery industry and civil appliances.
Main componentsAlumina trihydrate (Gibbsite) Al(OH)3 Alumina trihydrate is a crystalline hydrate of aluminum hydroxide, which is the main component in bauxite. The crystals of alumina trihydrate are extremely fine, and the crystals are aggregated together into nodules, beans or earthy shapes, which are generally white with a glassy luster, or reddish if they contain impurities. They are mainly secondary minerals produced by the weathering of feldspar and other aluminum-bearing minerals. The chemical composition is Al(OH)3, the crystal is monoclinic P21/n space group of hydroxide minerals. With the Bayer three water aluminum stone (bayerite) and Nuo three water aluminum stone (nordstrandite) into homogeneous polymorphism. Formerly known as trihydrate alumina or hydroaluminoxite. To mineral collector C.G. Gibbs (Gibbs) last name in 1822. The crystal structure is similar to that of hydromagnesite, which consists of sandwich biscuit (OH)-Al-(OH)-coordinated octahedral layers stacked parallel to each other, except that Al3+ does not occupy all the octahedral voids in the sandwich, but only occupies 2/3 of them.The crystals of tris(hydroxyalumino)stone are generally extremely fine, pseudo-hexagonal, and often bicrystalline, usually in nodular, pea-like, earthy aggregate outputs. White, or stained by impurities and light red to red. Glassy luster, with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. Bottom surface is extremely well disintegrated. Morse hardness 2.5~3.5, specific gravity 2.40. Alumina trihydrate is mainly a secondary product of chemical weathering of feldspar and other aluminum-bearing minerals, and is the main mineral component of laterite bauxite. It is the main mineral component of laterite bauxite. However, it can also be of low-temperature hydrothermal origin. The hydrothermal veins in Zlatoustovsk, South Urals, Russia, have produced crystals up to 5 centimeters in size.
Bauxite Morphological PropertiesBauxite (crystal chemistry) Theoretical composition (wB%): Al2O365.4, H2O34.6. Common homogeneous substitutions are Fe and Ga, with Fe2O3 up to 2% and Ga2O3 up to 0.006%. In addition, often contains impurities CaO, MgO, SiO2, etc..
Monoclinic crystal system: a0=0.864nm, b0=0.507nm, c0=0.972nm; Z=8. The crystal structure is similar to that of hydromagnesite, which is a typical layered structure. The difference is that Al3 is only filled by OH-hexagonal most tightly packed layer (∥(001)) between the two layers of OH- 2/3 of the octahedral voids, because Al3 has a higher charge than Mg2, so the number of less Al3 can balance the charge of OH-.
Bauxiterhombohedral crystal class:C2h-2/m(L2PC). The crystals are pseudo-hexagonal plates, very rare. Main monomorphs: parallel bifaces a, c, rhombohedral m. Often (100) and (110) according to the bicrystal. Commonly aggregated sheet bicrystals. Assemblages are radial-fibrous, squamous, crusty, stalactitic or oolitic, pea-like, globular nodules or as fine-grained earthy masses. It is mainly colloidal amorphous or fine-grained crystalline.
Physical Properties:White or light gray, light green, light red hue due to impurities. Glassy luster, pearly luster on the detrital surface. Transparent to translucent. Extremely complete disintegration. Hardness 2.5~3.5, relative density 2.30~2.43, earthy odor. Colorless under polarized light. Biaxial crystal. Ng=1.587, Nm=Np=1.566.
Production and combination:Mainly by the decomposition and hydrolysis of aluminum-containing silicates. Tropical and subtropical climate favors the formation of tridymite. In the regional metamorphism, it can be transformed into soft water alumina and hard water alumina by dehydration (140~200℃); with the increasing degree of metamorphism, it can be transformed into corundum.
Resource CharacteristicsBauxite in China, in addition to the distribution of concentrated, to large and medium-sized deposits are mostly. Reserves greater than 20 million tons of large deposits **** there are 31, which owns the reserves accounted for 49% of the country's total reserves; reserves between 20 to 5 million tons of medium-sized deposits **** there are 83, which owns the reserves accounted for 37% of the country's total reserves, large and medium-sized deposits accounted for a total of 86%. The quality of China's bauxite is relatively poor, with monohydrate duralumin-type ores, which are difficult to process and consume large amounts of energy, accounting for more than 98% of the country's total reserves. Among the retained reserves, first-grade ores (Al2O360%~70%, Al/Si≥12) accounted for only 1.5%, second-grade ores (Al2O351%~71%, Al/Si≥9) accounted for 17%, third-grade ores (Al2O362%~69%, Al/Si≥7) accounted for 11.3%, fourth-grade ores (Al2O3>62%, Al/Si≥5 ) accounted for 27.9%, fifth-grade ore (Al2O3>58%, Al/Si≥4) accounted for 18%, sixth-grade ore (Al2O3>54%, Al/Si≥3) accounted for 8.3%, seventh-grade ore (Al2O3>48%, Al/Si≥6) accounted for 1.5%, and the rest were of unknown grade.
BauxiteAnother disadvantage of bauxite in China is that there are not many bauxite deposits suitable for open-pit mining, which statistically account for only 34% of the country's total reserves. Unlike foreign laterite bauxite, China's ancient weathered crust bauxite is often **** born and accompanied by a variety of minerals. In the bauxite distribution area, the overlying rock layers often produce industrial coal seams and high-quality limestone. In the ore-bearing rock system *** there are semi-soft clay, hard clay, iron ore and sulfurous iron ore. Bauxite ore is also associated with gallium, vanadium, lithium, rare earth metals, niobium, tantalum, titanium, scandium and other useful elements. In some areas, the above *** raw minerals and bauxite together often constitute deposits with industrial value. Gallium, vanadium, scandium, etc. in bauxite also have recovery value.
China's bauxite, the degree of geological work is relatively high, as of the end of 1994, China's bauxite reserves belonging to the exploration stage accounted for 32.5%, belonging to the detailed investigation stage accounted for 55.8%, the two together, detailed investigation of the level of work above the reserves accounted for the country's total retained reserves of 88.3%.
Discovery processAluminum was discovered in 1825 by the Danish physicist H.C. Oersted (H.C. Oersted) using potassium amalgam to interact with aluminum chloride to obtain aluminum amalgam, and then remove the mercury by distillation, the first time the metal aluminum was produced. The production of metallic aluminum was initially a chemical process. That is, in 1854 the French scientist H. SainteClaireDiwill founded the sodium method of chemical method and in 1865 the Russian physical chemist H. H. Beketov (Н. Н. Бекетов) founded the magnesium method of chemical method. France began industrial production in 1855 using the chemical method, the world's first country to produce aluminum. The discovery of bauxite (1821) predates the element aluminum, which was mistakenly thought to be a new mineral at the time. To produce aluminum from bauxite, alumina must first be made, and then aluminum is electrolyzed. Bauxite mining began in 1873 in France, from bauxite production of alumina began in 1894, using the Bayer method, the production scale is only more than 1t per day. By 1900, France, Italy and the United States and other countries have a small amount of bauxite mining, the annual output is only 90,000 tons. With the development of modern industry, aluminum as a metal and alloy used in aviation and military industry, and then expanded to the civil industry, the aluminum industry has been rapid development, to 1950, the world's aluminum metal production has reached 1.51 million tons, increased to 20.92 million tons in 1996, becoming the second most important metal after steel.
Bauxite GenesisAccording to Liao Shifan and others, bauxite deposits in China can be divided into paleo-weathered crust-type bauxite deposits and laterite-type bauxite deposits.
The formation of ancient weathered crust bauxite deposits in China has gone through three stages. The first stage is the terrestrial stage, is formed by weathering under atmospheric conditions containing bauxite minerals, clay minerals, iron oxide minerals, such as residual, slope accumulation of aluminum-rich weathered crust materials, such as calcium laterite layer, laterite layer or laterite bauxite, this stage for the atmospheric conditions of in situ residual accumulation, accumulation or ex situ accumulation stage; the second stage is aluminum-rich calcium laterite layer, laterite layer or laterite bauxite for the seawater (or lake water) inundation phase The second stage is aluminum-rich calcium laterite layer, laterite layer or laterite bauxite for seawater (or lake water) flooding stage, some immediately for seawater (or lake water) flooding, and some after a certain period of time after the rock-forming role of the evolution of the transformation to form the original bauxite layer; the third stage is the epigenetic enrichment stage, is the original bauxite layer with the earth's crust uplifted to the surface of the shallow part of the earth due to the transformation of surface water or groundwater, so that the loss of siliceous, Aluminum enrichment, the formation of richer grade bauxite deposits with industrial value. China's ancient weathered crust bauxite was mainly formed in the Carboniferous period. The formation of this type of bauxite deposits is related to the ancient weathered crusts on the erosion intervals. Generally speaking, the long period of erosion discontinuity, especially the underlying bedrock is carbonate rock or more aluminum-containing more easily weathered basaltic ejecta (such as basalt), the formation of the deposit is often rich in ore grade, thick ore layer, the size of the ore body.
BauxiteAs for laterite bauxite deposits, it is generally believed to be formed by the weathering of aluminum-bearing rocks under modern climatic conditions. There is only one subclass of laterite bauxite deposits, called Zhangpu-style laterite bauxite deposits, is the Tertiary to Quaternary basalt through the formation of recent (Quaternary) weathering of bauxite deposits, its reserves are very small, accounting for only 1.17% of China's total reserves of bauxite. China's modern laterite bauxite is mainly formed in low latitude areas, such as Fujian, Hainan and some areas of Guangdong. These areas have hot weather, abundant rainfall, and easy to weather basalt, so it can form modern laterite bauxite. As for China's Spratly Islands, the Spratly Islands, although also in the low latitude, there is the formation of bauxite climate, but these islands rise for the land for a long time, only 1 ~ 30,000 years, the weathering time is short, so it is difficult to form bauxite deposits.
Genesis classification(1) Xiuwen-style carbonatite paleo-weathering shell heterogeneous accumulation subtype bauxite deposits, also known as carbonatite paleo-weathering shell heterogeneous accumulation subtype bauxite deposits. Its genesis is related to the carbonatite karst lateritic paleo-weathering crust. And because of the bauxite and the underlying carbonate bedrock between a few meters thick lake-phase iron ore lentil deposits, bauxite is not in situ accumulation, but this has been close to the dry lake near the laterite weathering crust ex situ migrated to the accumulation of. This type of deposit is more typical of Xiaoshanba bauxite deposit in Xiwen County, Guizhou. As the underlying bedrock is carbonate rock, so formed by weathering is rich in aluminum calcium laterite residual slope accumulation layer, generally speaking, the longer the erosion interruption time, that is, the longer the weathering time, formed by the weathering of the residual slope accumulation of rich aluminum calcium laterite layer the more, the thicker, the generation of bauxite minerals, the more clay minerals, the less the ore grade, the richer, and the thickness of the layer is also larger.
(2) Xin'an-style carbonate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation of subtype bauxite deposits, also known as carbonate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation of subtype bauxite deposits, to Henan Xin'an Zhang Yaoyuan bauxite deposits are more typical. The bauxite of this kind of deposit is directly overlying on the karst erosion surface of carbonate rock, and it is piled up in situ, in many cases it is piled up in karst caves and buckets, and the ore body is not long (a few hundred meters), but the thickness is large (40~60m). If the erosion interruption time is short, generally only the formation of calcareous laterite residual layer, slightly migratory handling phenomenon, this ore quality, although a little poor, but the ore layer is stable, the thickness of the change is small.
(3) Pingguo type carbonate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation - modern karst accumulation subtype bauxite deposits. Also known as carbonate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation - modern karst accumulation subtype bauxite deposits. The overlying and underlying bedrock of this deposit is limestone within several hundred meters of the thickness of the bedrock, and after the Quaternary karstification, the limestone and bauxite ore are weathered into calcareous laterite and bauxite ore fragments fall into the heap ore. This kind of accumulation of ore formation conditions are: a certain scale of stratified ore, suitable climatic conditions, the ore layer above and below the thick limestone, as well as the direct top of the ore layer, the bottom plate clay shale is thin.
Bauxite(4) Zunyi type aluminosilicate rock paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposits. Also known as alumino-silicate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposits, the underlying bedrock is fine clastic or basal volcanic rocks, is the underlying bedrock laterite weathering crust in situ accumulation (a few slope accumulation) of bauxite deposits. This kind of deposits of mineralization law is: first of all, with the lower bedrock has transition phenomenon, and the overlying strata have erosion discontinuity surface, so the thickness of the change is big, no ore window is more; Secondly, the thickness of the ore layer and the size of the ore body size, ore grade rich and poor, depending on the formation of mineralization when the length of time of erosion discontinuity and the nature of the lower bedrock is easy to weathering. If the erosion interruption time is long, most of the subordinate bedrock weathered by erosion is fine clastic rock, clay shale, only part of the carbonate rock, often the ore layer is thick, large scale, good ore quality, but then no ore days and windows increase. If the bedrock underneath the eroded and weathered bedrock is more easily weathered basalt, the thickness of the ore layer and the size of the ore body may be larger, and the ore may also be richer. If the underlying bedrock is a more easily weathered basalt, but the time between erosion breaks is too short, and the weathering is not complete, the thickness of the ore layer, the size of the ore body and the quality of the ore are difficult to meet the ideal.
Main usesBauxite ore is used in various ways:
(1) Aluminum industry. Used in national defense, aviation, automobiles, electrical appliances, chemicals, daily necessities and so on.
(2) Precision casting. Alumina clinker is processed into fine powder and made into molds for precision casting. Used in military, aerospace, communications, instrumentation, machinery and medical equipment sector. (3) for refractory products. High-alumina bauxite clinker refractoriness up to 1780 ℃, strong chemical stability, good physical properties.
High alumina cement(4) Aluminum silicate refractory fiber. With light weight, high temperature resistance, good thermal stability, low thermal conductivity, small heat capacity and resistance to mechanical vibration and other advantages. Used in iron and steel, non-ferrous metallurgy, electronics, petroleum, chemical industry, aerospace, atomic energy, national defense and many other industries. It is the high alumina clinker into the melting temperature of about 2000 ~ 2200 ℃ in the high-temperature electric arc furnace, high-temperature melting, high-pressure high-speed air or steam blowing, cooling, into a white "cotton" - aluminum silicate refractory fiber. It can be pressed into fiber blankets, boards or woven into cloth instead of smelting, chemical industry, glass and other industries, high-temperature kiln lining refractory bricks. Firefighters can use refractory fiber cloth made of clothes.
(5) magnesium sand and bauxite clinker as raw materials, adding the appropriate binding agent, used for casting steel drums as a whole drum lining effect is very good.
(6) Manufacture of bauxite cement, abrasive materials, ceramic industry and the chemical industry can make a variety of aluminum compounds.
One of the most important uses is: aluminum industry to refine aluminum metal, as refractory materials and grinding materials, as well as used as raw materials for high-alumina cement. Different uses of the ore, its quality requirements are different. China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation (CNMIC) issued an industry standard for bauxite ore in 1994 (YS/T78-94). According to this standard, bauxite is divided into three major types: sedimentary monohydrate chalcocite, accumulation monohydrate chalcocite, and laterite trihydrate alumina, and is classified into nine grades according to its chemical composition, such as LK12-70, LK8-65, LK5-60, LK3-53, LK15-60, LK11-55, LK8-50, LK7-50, LK3-40, etc. The standard has been adopted for the production of bauxite ore. In addition to the chemical composition of bauxite, the standard also requires that the moisture content of sedimentary monohydrate chondrite shall not be greater than 7%, and the moisture content of heap type monohydrate chondrite and laterite type trihydrate bauxite shall not be greater than 8%. In addition, it is required that the particle size of bauxite should not be greater than 150mm, and the bauxite should not be mixed with dirt, limestone and other debris.
Species DistributionBasic Type
Subtype
Main Distribution Areas
Monohydrate Bauxite
1)Hydrotalcite-Kaolinite Type (D-K Type)
Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Guizhou
Monohydrate Bauxite
2)Hydrotalcite-Phyllite Type (D-P Type )
Henan
Monohydrate bauxite
3)Boehmite-kaolinite type (B-K type)
Shandong, Shanxi
Monohydrate bauxite
4)Hydrotalcite-illite type (D-I type)
Henan
Monohydrate bauxite
5)Hydrotalcite- Kaolinite-rutile (D-K-R type)
Sichuan
Three-water bauxite
Three-water alumina type (G type)
Fujian, Guangxi
Typical Deposits Guizhou Bauxite DepositsXiowen Xiaoshanba Bauxite Ore Mine began exploration in 1957, and the cumulative total of proven bauxite 20.264 million tons, with an average grade of the ore of 67.91%. 67.91%. 1979 Wulongsi mine began production, the ore layer is like a layer, the production is gentle, the inclination angle of 5 ° ~ 10 °, to the north-east tilt.
Bauxite Deposits in ShanxiThe earliest exploration was conducted in 1960 on the Kehuo section of the Kehuo bauxite deposit, followed by the exploration of the Bujiayu and other sections of the mine, **** the cumulative total of 62,656,000 tons of bauxite ore, the average grade of the ore is 64.36%. 1986 Shanxi Aluminum Plant began mining the Xiaoyi bauxite ore. The ore types are dense, rough and bean oolitic.
Henan Bauxite DepositsThe deposit was explored with refractory clay ore from 1961 to 1964, and started production in 1966. The cumulative proven bauxite 9.497 million tons. The geological age of the ore-bearing layer is the same as that of the Xiaoyi Kehuo deposit in Shanxi, which belongs to the Benxi period of the Late Carboniferous.
Pingguo Bauxite DepositThe mine area has 1750km2, and there are stacked ores in the 132km long range of the distribution of layered ore bodies. The earliest exploration of primary ore was carried out in 1959~1961. Because of the high sulfur content of the primary ore can not be used, in 1974 to the accumulation of ore exploration, before and after a **** cumulative proven bauxite reserves amounted to 126.098 million tons, with an average grade of 64.69%. Due to the stratified ore sulfur content is too high (1.5% ~ 7%), the industry is still difficult to use.
Zunyi Bauxite DepositThe mine was explored in 1989, with proven reserves of 11.12 million tons and an average grade of 53.62%. The output shape of the ore layer is complex, with many ore-free skarns and a small ore-bearing coefficient of about 0.5. These rock layers in situ laterite stripping into bauxite material, clay minerals and other weathered shell material in situ accumulation, a small portion of the nearby weathered shell bauxite minerals, clay minerals due to the role of the slope accumulation slightly migrated and accumulated.
Penglai bauxite depositsThe deposit is a modern laterite bauxite deposits, 1959~1961 census exploration, in 1975 on the Robben 5, 6 and other 9 ore bodies and exploration, *** cumulative proven bauxite reserves amounted to 21.906 million tons, with an average grade of 44.4%. Bauxite is distributed on the tops of gentle hills with an elevation of about 30~60m, and is a Tertiary to Quaternary basalt-weathering laterite-type trihydrate alumina bauxite deposit.
Zibo Wangcun Bauxite MineWangcun Bauxite Mine is located in the northwestern part of the Zibo Basin. 1956 for its detailed investigation, 1964 ~ 1965 for the initial and detailed exploration work. 1958 began to open pit mining, ended in 1967. 1965 for the opening of the infrastructure, 1966 production. The mine has a total of 2.945 million tons of proven bauxite, a small deposit.
Development BaseGuizhou is the main producing area of bauxite in China, with reserves accounting for about 1/5 of the country, of which Qingzhen and Xiwen have the largest reserves and the highest grade of bauxite. Bauxite ore can be used to make cement and refractory materials after processing, and it can also be used in aluminum industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and abrasive industry.
The bauxite mining and deep processing base relies on the Qingzhen Magee mine, Guiyang refractory materials factory mines. 2007 June, Shenzhen, a company successfully acquired the policy bankruptcy enterprise - Guiyang refractory materials factory overall property. In accordance with the "revitalization of stock, optimization of incremental" principle, the company has invested nearly 200 million yuan on the development of Qingzhen Magee mine. It is expected that by the end of 2009, the company in Guizhou will form a comprehensive production capacity of 404,000 tons / year of production capacity, can achieve sales revenue of 310 million yuan, and then become China's largest refractory material processing enterprises in the south of the Yangtze River and the southwest region.
Guiyang Refractories Factory is located in Qingzhen City, Magee Township, bauxite mining and deep processing base started construction. The construction of three rotary kiln production lines with an annual output of 60,000 tons of high-alumina clinker has become the largest bauxite deep processing base in Guizhou Province. Guizhou is expected to become China's largest bauxite deep processing base.
A Brief History of MiningChina's bauxite census began in 1924, when the Japanese Junxiong Itamoto and others conducted a geological survey of the bauxite shale in Liaoyang, Liaoning Province, and Yantai, Shandong Province. After that, Japanese Onuki Yoshio and others, as well as Chinese scholars Wang Zhuquan, Xie Jiarong, Chen Hongcheng and other successive Shandong Zibo area, Hebei Tangshan and Kailuan area, Shanxi Taiyuan, Xishan and Yangquan area, Liaoning Benxi and Fuzhouwan area bauxite and bauxite shale carried out a special geological survey. Investigations of bauxite in southern China began in 1940, starting with Bian Zhaoxiang's investigation of bauxite near the town of Banqiao in Kunming, Yunnan. Subsequently, from 1942 to 1945, Peng Qirui, Xie Jiarong, Le Sen Wang Xun and others, successively conducted geological surveys and systematic sampling work on bauxite and high-alumina clay ores in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. In general, before the founding of New China, the work is mostly general survey and investigation and research nature.
Bauxite real geological exploration work from the founding of New China began. 1953 ~ 1955 years, the Ministry of Metallurgy and the Ministry of Geology of the geological team has Zibo bauxite mine in Shandong, Henan Gongxian Xiaoguan bauxite (such as Zhulin ditch, tea store, head and Zhongling and other mines), Guizhou Qian bauxite (such as Linxii, Xiaoshanba, Yan ridge, etc.), Yangquan, Shanxi, the Baijiazhuang mining area, and so on. etc., geological exploration work was carried out. However, due to the lack of experience in bauxite exploration and blindly applying the former Soviet Union's bauxite specification without combining with the actual situation of bauxite in China, most of the geological exploration reports were downgraded and the reserves were reduced a lot during the re-examination in 1960~1962. 1958 onwards, China accumulated some experience in bauxite exploration, and found and explored quite a number of ore areas on the basis of the large-scale copper and aluminum census. Exploration of a number of mining areas, the more important are: Henan Zhang Yaoyuan, Guangxi Pingguo, Shanxi Xiaoyi Keru, Fujian Zhangpu, Hainan Penglai and other bauxite mining areas.
China's bauxite mining began in 1911, when the Japanese first of China's Liaoning Province, Fuzhou Bay bauxite mining, followed by 1925 ~ 1941 on the Liaoning Province, Liaoyang, Shandong Yantai mining area A, G two layers of bauxite mining, the above mining is used as refractory materials. 1941 ~ 1943 Japanese Zibo bauxite mine in Shandong Province, Hutian and Fengshui mining area of Tianzhuang, Hongtupo mine. The Tianzhuang, Hongtupo mining section was mined, the ore as raw materials for aluminum refining. Later, Taiwan Aluminum Company also had a small-scale mining for aluminum refining.
China's large-scale development and utilization of bauxite ore is from the new country after the beginning of the first restoration of the former Japanese had a small-scale mining Fengshui mine in Shandong in 1954. 1958 in Shandong, Henan, Guizhou and other provinces have built 501, 502, 503 three major aluminum plant, in order to meet the demand for bauxite in these three major aluminum plant, in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Guizhou and other provinces built the Zhangdian aluminum mine, Xiaoguan aluminum mine. In order to meet the bauxite demand of these three major aluminum factories, aluminum raw material bases were built in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Guizhou and other provinces, such as Zhangdian Aluminum Mine, Xiaoguan Aluminum Mine, Luoyang Aluminum Mine, Xiowen Aluminum Mine, Qingzhen Aluminum Mine and Yangquan Aluminum Mine.
Into the 1980s, especially after the establishment of the State Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation in 1983, China's bauxite geological exploration and aluminum industry has developed rapidly, the new construction and expansion of a number of large-scale aluminum plants represented by Shanxi Aluminum Plant, Guizhou Aluminum Plant, so that the production of primary aluminum from less than 2,000 tons in 1954, the development of 1.87 million tons in the 1990s. Established from geology, mining to smelting and processing a complete set of aluminum industry system, aluminum metal and its processed products can basically meet the needs of China's economic construction.
Development statusAccording to the U.S. Bureau of Mines "MineralCommoditySummaries" in 1996, the world's bauxite reserves of 23 billion tons, the reserve base of 28 billion tons, of which the countries with richer bauxite resources are: Australia (reserve base of 7.9 billion tons), Guinea (reserve base of 5.9 billion tons), Brazil (reserve base of 2.9 billion tons), Jamaica (reserve base of 2.9 billion tons), Brazil (reserve base of 2.9 billion tons), Jamaica (reserve base of 2.5 billion tons) and the United States. 2.9 billion t), Jamaica (reserve base 2 billion t), India (reserve base 1.2 billion t), Hungary (reserve base 900 million t). China's bauxite quantity and quality are not as good as the above countries, such as A + B + C level reserves (industrial reserves) and these countries compared to the reserve base, far behind them.
On the whole, China's bauxite resources are relatively rich, bauxite retained base reserves in the world ranked seventh, reserves in the world ranked eighth. As of 2006 retained resource reserves of 2.776 billion tons, of which 542 million tons of reserves, 742 million tons of base reserves, resources of 2.035 billion tons, mainly in Shanxi, Henan, Guangxi, Guizhou, four provinces and regions, its resource reserves accounted for 90.9% of the country, of which Shanxi accounted for 41.6%, Guizhou accounted for 17.1%, 16.7% of Henan, Guangxi accounted for 15.5%. In addition, 15 provinces and municipalities such as Chongqing, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Sichuan, and Hainan also have certain resource reserves, but their combined volume accounts for only 9.1% of China.
In 1995, China's total **** production of bauxite ore 6.4 million tons, in addition to non-ferrous system of state-owned mining enterprises, China's townships and collective mining enterprises and artisanal mining sites are also a large number of bauxite mining, but its output is not stable. China's output of alumina and aluminum metal has been growing rapidly. in 1996, it reached 2,546,200t and 1,907,700t respectively, up nearly 2.5 times and 4 times compared with 1985. Aluminum production grew even faster, only 31.00 million t in 1985, increased to 162.01 million t in 1996, an increase of more than 35 times (Table 3.9.10).
Bauxite is mainly used in alumina industry and high alumina clinker industry, etc., and the usage of the two was almost equal in 2003. Based on the proportion of bauxite production used for alumina in the major provinces and regions in 2003, it is possible to estimate the amount of bauxite reserves that can be used in the alumina industry.
In addition, consideration of the optimal carrying capacity for alumina must be based on reality, i.e., the demand for bauxite in industries such as high-alumina clinker must be considered. Therefore, it is more appropriate to assess the production scale of alumina in each province by the carrying capacity of bauxite resources partially used for alumina production. With the over-expansion of the scale of China's electrolytic aluminum, the contradiction of alumina supply shortage is becoming more and more prominent, imports soared, prices rose sharply, and product profits increased dramatically. Driven by economic interests, Henan, Shanxi and other parts of the provinces with bauxite resources set off a local construction of alumina enterprises, according to statistics, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and other places are on the big alumina plant, under construction and the proposed project has 29 as many as the planning of the total scale of more than 20 million tons / year, coupled with the existing scale of production of alumina total scale of more than 30 million tons / year.
Collection InformationDescription:This is a photograph of a specimen of Bauxite scree from Dongwu Mountain, Zhangpu, China. Yellowish brown, cryptocrystalline structure, honeycomb structure. The main mineral composition is bauxite. Preservation unit: China Geological Museum.
Pictures of bauxite collection of the Geological Museum of China