In order to do a good job in the bidding process, the Chinese government has formulated relevant legal documents, so that the Chinese and foreign sides have laws to follow in their cooperation. The legislative drafting team collected petroleum law texts and information from more than 40 countries in the world, and also invited experts from the UNDP Transnational Center and U.S. law firms and other international authoritative legal institutions to come to give guidance on seven occasions, while sending people to Norway to study. After dozens of discussions, studies, comparisons and many revisions, the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Cooperation in the Exploitation of Maritime Petroleum Resources (the Regulations) were finally formed. The Regulations clarify the ownership of petroleum resources, the monopoly of exploration, development, production and sales in the contract area, the scope of responsibilities of the relevant government departments, the status and responsibilities of the national oil companies, and the rights and obligations of foreign oil companies. It is the main legal basis for the upcoming bidding round.
At the same time, we also collected and referred to more than 120 samples of petroleum contracts signed internationally, and drafted a "standard contract" for foreign cooperation in accordance with the spirit of the Regulations and on the basis of summarizing our negotiation experience, taking into account China's national conditions. The main points of the contract are: the foreigner bears the exploration risk alone, the Chinese party participates in the development and investment, there is a limit to the recovery of investment and the payment of production and operation fees, and the balance is divided between the two parties. It draws on the essence of the petroleum contracts of various countries and is based on China's sovereignty and laws and regulations, reflecting the principle of equality and mutual benefit, and has been generally endorsed by the international petroleum community. As a result, the investment environment has been greatly optimized, just as in China's vast blue land, planted two "wutong", with "wutong tree", there will be "phoenix" to come.
Based on the requirements of the Regulations, on February 8, 1982, the State Council approved the establishment of China National Offshore Oil Corporation. On February 15 of the same year, China National Offshore Oil Corporation was formally established in Beijing, No. 31 East Chang'an Street. The company is a national corporation with legal personality, and is an economic entity with independent accounting, tax payment, self-financing and self-management in accordance with the law. On behalf of the state, it is unified and responsible for the business of foreign cooperative exploitation of marine petroleum resources, that is to say, by means of foreign cooperation and self-management, it engages in the exploration, development, production, utilization and sale of products of marine petroleum and natural gas, and engages in contracting services for offshore petroleum and natural gas operations, as well as a variety of other operations.
One, shocked the world of China's first round of foreign bidding at sea
In the domestic provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions vigorously synergistic, active support and international oil prices continue to fluctuate a little, China National Offshore Oil Corporation on February 17, 1982 to 12 countries 46 qualified to bid for the first round of bidding notification issued by the oil companies.
The tender involves China's Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, the South China Sea total ****504 basic blocks, an area of 15 × 104km2, the scale of its large-scale, wide-ranging waters, the number of companies is the world's rare, is a major event shaking the world's petroleum industry, but also to honor the credibility of China's foreign cooperation in the offshore petroleum, in accordance with the international practice to do a concrete embodiment of the work.
By August 17, 1982, 33 companies from 9 countries had submitted bids for 25 blocks, and 102 quotations were submitted. After detailed evaluation by more than 100 economic and technical experts and relevant operational personnel, a winning bid and negotiation program was formulated. After intense and fierce competitive negotiations,*** 28 companies from 9 countries won the bids in 19 blocks.
In order to maintain and expand the scale of offshore oil exploration, on the basis of carefully summarizing the experience of the first round of bidding, the second round of bidding notices were issued in late 1984 and early 1985, and bids were invited in the form of open tender in the eastern Yingge Sea, the Pearl River Estuary Basin, and in the southern part of the South Yellow Sea within the sea area of 10× 104km2. At this time, the oil price was fluctuating at a high level, and the investment was favorable; meanwhile, we flexibly modified the contract: non-physical exploration participants were allowed to bid; in several blocks signed, the workload could be transferred to improve the exploration success rate; when there was no discovery but still remaining workload, the block area could be appropriately enlarged; complex medium and small oil fields could be evaluated for trial production, and when the production of the current year was less than 100 × 104t, it could be exempted from levying mining area utilization fee, etc. These modifications are conducive to seeking foreign exploitation of various types of oil and gas fields, especially small and medium-sized oil and gas fields. This round of bidding after the final negotiations, *** there are four countries 15 oil companies in eight blocks won the bid.
In order to make the offshore oil foreign cooperation exploration work successive succession up, discover more oil and gas fields, in early 1989 issued a third round of tender notice. The tender involved the Dongsha-Shenhu sea area in the Pearl River Estuary Basin, covering an area of more than 3×104km2. In order to attract more foreign investors, the terms of the contract were further relaxed, mainly exempting the foreign companies from the obligations of training Chinese personnel and transferring technology during the exploration period; and they had the right to choose between drilling wells or terminating the contract after completing the amount of physical exploration work. Three oil contracts were signed through negotiations.
Three rounds of foreign bidding*** signed 30 oil contracts, which, together with previous contracts and agreements, totaled 66, with foreign investors investing as much as 3.12 billion U.S. dollars, greatly advancing oil and gas exploration and development in China's waters.
Second, vigorously introduce drilling, seismic, navigation, computer hardware and software technology
CNOOC's professional and technical personnel are mostly from onshore oilfields, and have many years of experience in petroleum exploration and development, but in terms of offshore petroleum exploration and development, especially the understanding of foreign advanced technology at sea is still a blank slate. For this reason, as soon as the company was established, it formulated a clear guideline for scientific and technological development, i.e., through offshore petroleum foreign cooperation, making full use of various channels such as technology introduction, technology transfer, technology contract, technology training, technology exchange and technology cooperation, introducing, digesting and absorbing foreign advanced technology, training talents, improving the quality and level of technicians as soon as possible, and gradually applying and mastering a large number of international advanced and practical exploration, development, production technology and management experience.
Since the establishment of the National Petroleum Corporation of China (NPC), the NPC has been working hard to develop and innovate a large number of international advanced and practical exploration, development and production technologies and management experiences, and strive to reach or approach the international advanced level as soon as possible, so as to improve our ability to cooperate with foreign countries, to promote the scientific and technological advancement of China's marine petroleum and to satisfy the needs of the marine petroleum exploration, development, and production.
Since 1977, we have introduced a large number of advanced equipments and technologies required for drilling, physical exploration, logging, offshore engineering and construction, as well as supporting advanced tools and software from more than ten countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Australia, Canada, Singapore, Norway, and so on, which have accelerated the process of offshore petroleum exploration and development and met the needs of the foreign cooperation work in a timely manner at that time.
a. In terms of drilling and testing, 11 jackups and semi-submersible drillships (i.e. No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the South China Sea and No. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 in the Bohai Sea) with the level of the 80's and the advanced top-driven drilling rigs of the 90's, MWD inclinometers with drilling, SST with cables with drilling, ESI electronic drilling rigs, etc., have been imported from 9 companies in 4 countries, namely, Singapore, Norway, Japan, Canada, so that our offshore oil exploration and development technology and equipment have reached the international level and gained the international reputation. drilling inclinometer, ESI electronic single-point barehole well trajectory tester, single-point surface positioning gyroscope, drill pipe stratigraphic tester, MDT cable testing technology, MFE and PCT downhole testing tools, as well as R-622T, CST-2400 cementing unit, HT400 skid-mounted cementing unit and QFT logger, DCS-ALFA logger, modern sand control technology and drilling simulation device etc.
b. In terms of geophysical acquisition, starting from 1968, CGG59 analog tape recorder, SN388B and GS2000 digital tape recording seismographs, 24-channel and 48-channel isofloating cables, steam guns and air-gas gun sources have been introduced successively; from 1977 to 1978, the more advanced DFS-V digital seismographs, 48, 96 and 120 channel isofloating cables, high-pressure steam guns and air-gas gun sources have been introduced; and from 1971 to 1978, the more advanced DFS-V digital seismographs, 48, 96 and 120 channel isofloating cables, high-pressure steam guns and air-gas guns have been introduced. The introduction of more advanced DFS-V digital seismograph, 48-channel, 96-channel and 120-channel floating cables, high-pressure steam gun and high-pressure air gun source, radio, satellite, Doppler sonar integrated navigation system and 24, 48 times the number of times to cover the observation system of the Marina 504, 511, 512 seismic ship. Marina 504 need ship in 1984 converted into shallow sea seismic (13) operation ship. 1986 introduced the Marina 516 shallow sea towed seismic ship, and increased the Marina 514, 515 two very shallow sea operation ship, the formation of 240, 216, 232 three amphibious seismic team. At the same time, radio navigation systems were introduced, including the Ledis system, the Argo system, the Siletis system, and the microwave rangefinder, as well as the navigation data processing center, the navigation computer system, the underwater audio positioning system, and the P-100 navigation system.
So far, CNOOC has fully mastered the 2D and 3D seismic exploration and acquisition technologies in different waters such as rivers, streams, lakes and seas, meeting the needs of foreign cooperation and self-operated exploration.
c. In terms of seismic data processing, the company has introduced CYBER170-730, RDS-500, CYBER855S, VAX8650 seismic data processors, CS6410, PE3212F seismic data decoders and plotters, CALCOMP748 flatbed plotters, GS6410, GS6412 seismic film plotters, APPLICON4500 color plotters, and CALCOMP4500 color plotters. APPLICON4500 color plotter and ITA seismic processing system. On this basis, we have introduced and developed 3D seismic data processing techniques such as face element homogenization, 3D positioning navigation, processing face element interpolation and planting, and 3D one-step offset; 2D stacking and offset imaging techniques such as full tilt fluctuation equation offset and FKDMO-FK pre-stack offset; 2D denoising techniques such as quick-return tilt filtering, median filtering, probabilistic analysis, F-X prediction polynomial fitting, and signal coherence; maximum likelihood rate Inverse folding, Q inverse folding, maximum variance mode inverse folding, surface consistency inverse folding and spectral whitening inverse folding, and other 2D high-resolution techniques and special processing techniques such as AVO and SVIM. With these achievements, we have reached the level of independently performing 3D seismic data processing, 2D fine target processing and reservoir lithology processing.
d. In seismic data interpretation, we have introduced regional seismic stratigraphy interpretation technology, oil and gas resources evaluation technology, as well as PE3254SIDIS, VAXII, IMTERPRET, VAX3500, GEOQU, EST, human-machine interactive interpretation system and VAX751, DISCOVERRY log data processing and mapping system. On the basis of the above technical equipment, we have introduced and developed the technologies of human-computer interaction inversion of three main parameters (testing the thickness of thin layer by main frequency and full amplitude inversion, inversion of layer velocity, and conversion of physical parameters of reservoirs by layer velocity), multi-parameter human-computer interaction reservoir evaluation and difference of poly-frequency microseismic phase analysis, variable-velocity time-depth conversion, and lateral prediction and characterization of reservoirs, and so on. The company is capable of completing the interpretation of 3D seismic data by human-computer interaction, interpreting and drawing the top and bottom structure map, thickness map, average velocity map, layer velocity map, percentage of sand content map, sand thickness map, porosity map, oil and gas saturation map, and oil and gas abundance map of the oil and gas reservoir by human-computer interaction.
e. In terms of offshore engineering construction, the company has successively introduced computers and large-scale application software commonly used by international engineering design companies of the same kind, equipped with 54 sets of various microcomputers and 92 pieces of software, forming a set of relatively complete computer-aided design system for offshore petroleum development engineering design, which has reached the level of computational application system of foreign design companies, including the design of process and utility systems, economic evaluation and economic forecasting. Design, economic evaluation and economic prediction, engineering structure calculation and auxiliary design drawing and database and other four parts of the software and supporting equipment, proficiency and use of these software to work. The designers and computer technicians have the ability to undertake the economic prediction and economic evaluation of offshore oil and gas fields, and have the ability to carry out the system design of offshore oil and gas field development project with the main specialties of oil and gas development process, general plan piping, submarine pipeline, fire and safety, instrumentation and control, detection and anti-corrosion and environmental protection, and to undertake the design of the machinery and equipment, power, electric, thermal, communication and HVAC systems of the offshore oil and gas field development project. It is capable of undertaking the design of mechanical equipment, power, electrical, thermal, communication, HVAC systems, etc., conduit racks, submarine pipelines, outfitting and civil engineering.
In short, we have mastered the theories and methods of engineering evaluation and economic evaluation customarily used in the world, the calculation methods and standard specification systems commonly used in the international offshore engineering community, and the theories and methods of international engineering project management.
In addition, it has introduced new technologies for reservoir prediction (including pattern recognition technology, seismic simulation CSMOL reservoir prediction new method), reservoir simulation software, component reservoir simulation (COMPIV), multi-component simulation software, as well as PPI logging interpretation software, PCI microcomputer logging software, TTXO and WELLTEST software.
Third, according to the specialties of each foreign company, the transfer of the ten areas of expertise we need
In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations, in the first and second rounds of petroleum contracts signed, and after repeated negotiations with the foreign companies, the contractual clauses for the implementation of various technology transfers from foreign operators to the Chinese side and for the training of the Chinese technicians have been determined. To this end, according to the technical expertise of each foreign company, it shall be obliged to transfer to the Chinese side one or more technologies which are applicable and advanced in China's offshore operations, and to undertake the task of providing technical training to a certain number of specialized technical personnel of the Chinese side.
Only in the second round of oil contracts, according to the technical expertise of foreign companies and our needs, targeting their unique and advanced technologies, 36 technology transfers were carried out in 8 oil contracts, including 10 areas of specialties such as geology, drilling, logging, development, offshore engineering, oil and gas extraction. Since its implementation in October 1985, 24 items have been completed, and **** 77 people have traveled abroad to receive technology transfers. In accepting the transfer of technology, in-depth practical, through *** with the work, in the geological aspect, learning the former Amoco company in the stratigraphic comparison of the graphic method; development of reservoir rock determination and research methods, such as nuclear magnetic *** vibration, image analysis of inclusions, isotopes, and other methods; in the oil recovery aspect to learn its improvement of the movement system technology of the wandering beam rod pumps, the JHN in the automation of the production of gas fields, Centum system; in the drilling of wells, learning its improvement of the movement system technology of the wandering beam rod pumps, JHN in gas field production automation, and so on. Centum system in gas field production automation; in drilling, learning Chevron, Agip Oil Company's drilling software and other specialized technologies. These technologies are well-targeted, such as the directional well drilling technology and the company's drilling software system transferred by Amoco, which were successful in the directional design of Weizhou 10-3-5C and the drilling operation of shallow wells with large inclination in Weizhou 11-4 oilfield. Another example is the offshore oil and gas treatment gathering and transportation design, construction and maintenance technology project transferred by Chevron, which resulted in 5 sets of 45 volumes of general design specifications and oilfield examples*** and 12 types of related design manuals. This set of information is systematic, complete and practical, and has been used as the basic information for the basic design of various specialties. The early offshore safety inspection technology of the U.S. Esso Company is of great help to the development of safety inspection of offshore drilling platforms in China.
Of the 24 technologies, the mastery of the technology of 14, which obviously received the effect of: solve the problem of geological evaluation of the basin simulation technology; Reef oil and gas field distribution law and effective exploration methods; seismic stratigraphy technology and repeat testing (RFT) technology; reservoir numerical simulation technology. In addition, new techniques have been learned in stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation, formation saturation, reservoir lithology and physical characteristics, and reservoir evaluation studies, and many valuable materials and software have been obtained.
Some projects have also utilized the fees provided by technology transfer to purchase our much-needed software, and have achieved relatively good results.
Fourth, the formation of joint venture companies, make full use of foreign advanced technology and experience
How to quickly enhance the overall technical strength of the Chinese side in foreign cooperation work, has always been an important issue that we have been considering, and cooperation with foreign professional contracting service companies to operate, and can quickly raise the professional and technical expertise to the international level, which is a good way.
The Sino-foreign joint venture is an important window for technology introduction. Since the foreign cooperation, we and the United States, Britain, France, Japan and other countries of the company, in just less than four years, the formation of geological, drilling, physical exploration, logging, positioning, drilling fluids, engineering and construction of 40 Sino-foreign joint venture companies, to make full use of the international professional company's advanced technology and management experience for their own use. Through cooperative management, the introduction of new technology and equipment for marine exploration, development and production owned by foreign contracting companies at the international advanced level, and the realization of rapid technology transfer in the work of China's maritime areas, enable various professional technologies to be quickly raised to the international level, and narrow the distance between us and the world's advanced level; at the same time, it is also the cradle of rapid growth of professional and technical personnel, and a green channel for the introduction of advanced technology. At the same time, it is also the cradle of rapid growth of professional and technical personnel, the green channel for the introduction of advanced technology, and the full realization of the concept of win-win situation for both Chinese and foreign parties on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
a. Through the cooperative operation of the drilling joint venture company, the company has mastered the preferred parameter drilling, formation pressure prediction, monitoring and balancing drilling, prediction of abnormally high pressure in the formation and pressure balancing drilling, two-dimensional and three-dimensional directional well trajectory design of offshore clustered wells, and the overall design of clustered wells. A number of advanced technical software have been introduced, and advanced inclinometers and specialized tools for drilling directional wells have been absorbed and used. It also mastered more than ten new technologies such as the world's major advanced cementing technologies and the design and application of colloidal water drilling fluids. Applying McBar's patented - special anti-collapsing drilling fluid treatment agent and ETSS new drilling fluid program, the company provides most of the calculation items for on-site drilling fluids and related drilling engineering calculations, and is able to make quantitative analysis and judgment on drilling fluid performance and components very quickly. The formulation and use of high-quality drilling fluids have created safe, high-quality and low-cost services in drilling projects contracted individually by foreign operating companies, and have been well received by the operators. The drilling vessel Nanhai No. 2 drilled only 3 wells in the 3 years of self-operation before the cooperation, and contracted BP's operation after the joint venture, and drilled 7 wells with a footage of 22,377m in only 14 months, and 98% of the daily operation cost was Class A operation cost (i.e., the operation cost was the most reasonable and the lowest), and the production timeliness was also up to 98%. These indicators are also at a high level in the UK North Sea.
b. The oil logging service company, which is a joint venture with the US-based Drexel, has established oil logging cooperation business with the French company Slumberland, introduced a number of advanced technologies and equipment, and carries out contracted logging operations with international competitiveness in accordance with international standards. The company has well-logging technology in all kinds of complex rock properties and under all kinds of environmental conditions. In the important aspects of data processing and interpretation, it has mastered the full set of interpretation programs of Drexel, a set of advanced interpretation software and relatively advanced logging geology, the compilation of high-resolution stratigraphic inclination logging programs and the advanced technology of processing logging data with HP9825 computer, and has provided a large number of high-quality services for both offshore and onshore.
c. In order to master the positioning and navigation technology as soon as possible to meet the needs of offshore oil exploration and development, it formed a joint venture with the British Reka Positioning and Measuring Company to form the South China Sea and Bohai Sea Reka Positioning and Measuring Company. Successively from the United States, the United Kingdom introduced medium-range and long-range offshore positioning system, only in the South China Sea on the establishment of 14 positioning shore station, set up the corresponding positioning data processing center. 1984 March, our first batch of overseas training of technical personnel returned to China four months after the whole line of shore station are operated and managed by the Chinese personnel, fully mastered the data center hardware maintenance, software programming and positioning data management technology, navigation computing and underwater positioning design and maintenance technology. underwater positioning design and maintenance technology. Established a team that can work independently, high-precision marine radio positioning and navigation, and undertook all the positioning operations in the South China Sea and Bohai Sea.
d. China Chico Geophysical Company is a joint venture between Bohai Petroleum Geophysical Company and Norwegian Chico Geophysical Exploration Company. In the cooperative operation, we have mastered the advanced offshore digital seismic acquisition technology, special processing of seismic data and three-dimensional seismic processing, and have widely used seismic stratigraphic interpretation, man-machine interpretation and reservoir evaluation technology, and have introduced a batch of advanced technology and equipment. equipment. Through each other's technical training and *** with engaged in practical work, cultivated a group of talents who know the application and management of modern geophysical technology, at the same time, through the joint venture company on the coastal 511 seismic ship upgrading, equipped with a set of computer-controlled quality control, three-dimensional acquisition and interpretation program, so that the ship seismic data acquisition capacity to a new level, so as to take advantage of the international bidding in the obvious advantage.
V. Multi-channel and active bilateral international technical cooperation and exchanges
From 1983 onwards, we have carried out technical exchanges and cooperation with 36 companies in 9 countries and regions such as the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia and the Federal Republic of Germany, etc., and *** carried out bilateral cooperative research on 36 projects, and received non-reimbursable research funds provided by the governments and companies of various countries. More than 3.6 million U.S. dollars, and nearly 60 people went abroad to participate in project research work. These activities have improved the academic and technical level, and most of the results of the cooperative research have been applied to offshore oil development projects, thus promoting the progress of offshore oil technology and facilitating the process of offshore oil development.
In technical cooperation, the technical cooperation and assistance project with Australia C.S.R is one of the projects with the greatest benefit and best effect. The project is an inter-governmental non-reimbursable assistance project, with A$1.6 million provided by the Australian government to improve the Chinese side's skills in offshore oil and gas development technology and economic evaluation. For this purpose, C.S.R., the Australian company executing the project, provided the PRIME-750 computer system and the accompanying IFPS economic evaluation software, while we sent 16 people to the Australian Oil & Gas Corporation to receive technical training. At the same time, the Australian side also sent experts to China to hold seminars and a number of professional and technical guidance, benefiting more than 100 people. Through the cooperation, the Chinese personnel have mastered the PRIME-750 computer operating system and the technology of marine engineering evaluation and economic evaluation, improved their engineering design, economic analysis and foreign language expression ability, and trained a group of design and technical backbones to play a bigger role in their work.
The sea ice in the Bohai Sea area is a very critical issue for the development of the Bohai Sea oil and gas fields, and a problem that has not been completely solved for many years. In the past, because of a variety of reasons, failed to enter the Bohai Sea in the central and northern waters of the actual measurement, a lot of information and data is incomplete, some engineering applications of sea ice design parameters, also rely on the projected, generally more conservative, high safety factor, which directly affects the development of investment. Especially in recent years, in Liaodong Bay one after another found a number of commercially valuable oil and gas fields, to build oil recovery platforms here, oil development. Therefore, the size of ice force has become an issue of great concern and must be solved in engineering design. The ice force parameter involves the structural form of the oil recovery platform and determines the size of the investment and construction cost.
Since 1987, through the channel of intergovernmental scientific and technological cooperation, we have cooperated with the Association of Marine Industries of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland (FRG)) and utilized its technology and experts to carry out the joint research work of the project of "Sea Ice Survey and Ice Force Research in Liaodong Bay", with most of the research funds financed by the Federal Republic of Germany government. After several years of research, has been mapped out the Liaodong Bay sea ice generation, flow patterns, physical and chemical properties, types, distribution, and structure of the maximum force, dynamic response, vibration and a series of issues, part of the results of the cooperative research has been used in the sea area of the engineering design projects.
It is the first time in the world ice area research that such a large-scale on-site actual measurement of ice condition is carried out in conjunction with China's petroleum development, which fills the gap in the history of China's sea condition research.
In addition, according to the progress of offshore exploration and development work and the actual needs of the technically weak links also hired a few foreign experts, short-term consultants and consulting work in China, which improves the level of professional and technical personnel, training and training of personnel engaged in the exploration, development, evaluation, contractual terms and engineering design, but also played a positive role.
VI. "JMC", "Parallel Studies", "External Employment", Various Types of Technical Training
According to the statistics, from 1982 to 1991, personnel were sent to the United States, Britain, Japan, Norway and the United States. To the United States, Britain, Japan, Norway, France, Italy, Australia, Singapore, Germany, Canada, Sweden, Brazil, Thailand, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, Greece, Algeria, New Zealand, Colombia and other 30 countries and regions, to receive geological, physical exploration, drilling, development, engineering construction, process measures, environmental protection and safety, financial management, 147 specialties in 14 categories, such as geology, exploration, drilling, development, engineering construction, process measures, environmental protection and safety, accounting and management, laws and regulations, procurement, supply and marketing, and other technical training. ***The total cost of the 977 batches (groups) and 2,308 person-times selected for the training amounted to more than 20 million US dollars. Among them, 581 batches and 1,549 trips were made by exploration and development technicians.
(I) "JMC" "Parallel Study"
Through bilateral negotiations, ten block contracts have been signed with foreign companies in one to four rounds of bidding and investment promotion activities. In order to facilitate the management of the contracted blocks, a "Joint Management Committee" (JMC) has been set up depending on the operator. Within the JMC, our chief representative and foreign experts*** work together to manage all the operations of exploration, development and production, and all the working procedures of the representatives of each party must be carried out in accordance with international practices. This is an opportunity for our representatives to learn and improve, which requires our technicians to understand and master the international advanced technology in their specialty, and to conduct research in strict accordance with international standards in order to show our ability and level of competence in the parallel research or both sides **** the same research. For example, the development program of Chengbei oil field was studied by China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and Japan Petroleum Corporation (JPC) in parallel operation. Our side because of the use of advanced technology at home and abroad, came up with an international level, in line with the actual situation in the Bohai Sea program, so that the cost of $ 200,000 transferred to the Japanese side (operator), the Japanese side proposed in the Chengbei oil field simulation study, are used in the Chinese side of the results of the study.
In addition to the parallel study, more through *** with the work, and gradually learn the foreign set of advanced and applicable exploration, development, production management experience and technology, updated our concepts, improve the quality of personnel and technical level. Such as the French TOTAL company in the Beibu Gulf exploration, discovery and trial production of Weizhou 10-3 oil field, due to the Chinese fireman hard work, quickly mastered all the management technology of the field, in advance of the transfer of the status of the operator. After nearly one year of management and operation by the Chinese side, not only the operation cost has been greatly reduced, but also all the work has been done very well, which has been praised by the French side, the partner.
(II) Hiring Experts
From 1984 to March 1987, we successively hired Mr. Sim Yukes of Lumas Company of the U.S.A. as the consultant of the design company, and Mr. Maikori as the project manager of the Wushi 16-1 project; and Mr. Sun Zengcheng of Brown-Root Company of the U.S.A. as the manager of the basic design of the Weizhou 11-4 concrete platform from the foreign side, and Mr. Cadmium Wood Takaharu as the structural engineer; Engaged Mr. Carruthers of Taylor-Broadloom (UK) as Project Manager of Feasibility Study for Xijiang 24-3 and Weizhou 21-1, Mr. White as Senior Cost Estimation Specialist, and Mr. Austins as Consultant of Detailed Design Project for Simulation of Upstream Process Module of Yinggehai Gas Field.
Under the guidance of external experts and in accordance with international standards, norms, practices and requirements, ****the same completed feasibility studies and conceptual or basic designs for 10 projects, training a group of various professional backbones who mastered foreign modern offshore petroleum development engineering design technologies. They have accumulated experience in various stages of design through the practice of specific projects, completed a number of design projects, and learned the design methodology, design depth, working procedure, information processing, external consultation, and the compilation of design documents of each stage of feasibility study, conceptual design, basic design and detailed design currently adopted internationally in the design of offshore petroleum development engineering.
Through completing design projects with experts, more than 200 technicians from 19 major specialized companies have received complementary training and improvement in design techniques and professional knowledge, etc.: they have learned the basic working methods of the experts; they have learned to apply international standard specifications to design; and they have learned to self-compile a variety of calculation mini-programs. At the same time, modern methods of managing design projects were learned, and a number of project managers were trained. In the design work guided by the experts, they also learned that the management of foreign design projects is mainly the project management method, which is the method of organizing and realizing the target management through the project manager, and the core of which is the quality control, schedule control and cost control.
(C) technical cooperation
In order to learn as soon as possible and master foreign advanced technology and experience in offshore oil development engineering design, we have with 36 experts from 5 companies in 4 countries, with project cooperation **** with the design. Such as Qiong - deep natural gas pipeline project, first of all, with the British global company (GLDBAL), Japan's Nihon Hikari Corporation (JGC) for the "Hainan Island offshore gas field development feasibility study", focusing on downstream utilization of the program using liquefied natural gas (LNG) feasibility study, and each bear the relevant costs; secondly, with Canada's NuFa (Nova. Corp) cooperation, and hired the Sichuan Province, the company has been working on the design of the offshore oil development project. Corp. of Canada, and hired Sichuan Design Institute and Pipeline Design Institute to participate in the detailed feasibility study and conceptual design of pipeline work; cooperated with PLE Company of Germany and mainly with Petroleum Pipeline Design Institute to carry out the basic design of pipeline; cooperated with KPKENNY Company of the United Kingdom to carry out the basic design of the pipeline crossing the Qiong-Deep Strait; and cooperated with Global Company of the United Kingdom and Hudson (USA) to complete the basic design of the upstream and downstream of Weizhou 11-4 and Jinzhou 20-2 condensate gas fields.
VII. Focused and extensive domestic technical cooperation
Based on the introduction, digestion, absorption and technology transfer of advanced foreign technologies, the Company has fully mobilized and given full play to the technological and human resource advantages of the relevant domestic institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutes, and actively carried out the promotion, application and development of new technologies and innovations in the light of the actual needs of offshore petroleum exploration, development and production to meet the requirements of foreign cooperation and self-operated exploration and development. The company actively promotes the application of new technologies and develops innovations to meet the urgent needs of foreign cooperation and self-owned exploration and development. According to incomplete statistics, the company has cooperated with more than 20 research institutes such as the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and dozens of institutions of higher learning such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, China University of Geosciences, and University of Petroleum, etc., and has cooperated in the study of 77 scientific research topics and successfully developed 31 items of results. Most of these research results have been applied in production practice, promoting the development of offshore petroleum science and technology.
This phase ("Sixth Five-Year Plan" to "Seventh Five-Year Plan")*** introduced 303 foreign advanced offshore petroleum technologies, received 230 technical training from foreign oil companies, and the head office sent 1,394 groups abroad for technical exchanges, sending 3,222 technicians for training abroad. The head office sent 1,394 groups abroad for technical exchanges, 3,222 technicians were sent abroad for training, and 136 people were sent abroad to study for degrees. Various technicians trained through these activities later became the technical backbone of each position and the backbone of management at all levels, and a considerable number of technicians have taken over the work of foreign personnel and assumed important technical positions in the cooperative oilfields.