Teaching purpose: Understand the threats to human life safety caused by common emergencies, and master some simple and easy-to-operate rescue methods and precautions. It is clear that everyone learns rescue and rescue is everyone’s rescue purpose.
Teaching method: Use the live broadcast method of the school TV station to conduct emergency first aid training for all teachers and students in the school. Use on-site demonstrations and interactive processes with participants to master several easy-to-operate, simple and effective methods of bandaging and hemostasis and foreign body obstruction. Troubleshooting methods,
Note: In the event of a sudden disaster, you must first shout for help. The rescue scene and process must meet safety requirements. Rescue yourself first, save others carefully under the premise of safety, and learn to call correctly. 120.
Teaching difficulties: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, on-site hemostatic bandaging operation and techniques to eliminate foreign body obstruction.
Teaching process:
1. Understand the threats to human life safety caused by sudden disasters
Dear students: In life, we may encounter disasters at any time. Some sudden disasters, such as natural disasters, violent injuries, sudden injuries and other unforeseen events, have left us at a loss as to what to do. Once something like this happens, the first thing to do is rescue to minimize the consequences of the disaster. But how to rescue and where to start? is what we need to know. There are many rescue methods. Today we will learn several hemostatic bandaging methods and methods for removing foreign body blockage that primary school students are capable of doing.
2. Rescue process:
When a disaster occurs, if we become the first witness at the scene (the person who provides emergency rescue to the injured and sick at the scene of the emergency), we must first When conducting safety and injury assessments at the scene, you must be quick, control your emotions, and shout for help at the same time to attract more people to participate in the rescue, and then determine whether the scene of the incident is safe? This is a prerequisite for protecting the lives of yourself and the injured. After confirming that the scene is safe, quickly determine the condition of the injured and injured, including the presence of vital signs such as breathing, consciousness, heartbeat, and pupil reaction. The principles of first aid should be based on the principles of calmness, prioritization, saving lives first, treating injuries later, and rescuing people should be implemented decisively.
In the past, people often regarded emergency rescue tasks as the responsibility of medical staff, thus losing the most precious golden first aid time during the waiting process, and letting the life that could have survived go away with the wind. Therefore, learning first aid can minimize the threat to life caused by sudden disasters and is a good thing that benefits others and yourself. Below we focus on first aid methods for external bleeding and foreign body obstruction.
First of all, we need to understand the dangers of bleeding to life: Bleeding is a phenomenon that seriously endangers life. The volume of blood in the human body accounts for 80% of the body weight. If the amount of bleeding reaches 40% of the total blood volume, it may be life-threatening. . Therefore, hemostasis is the first measure that must be taken in various bleeding symptoms. Depending on the location of bleeding, it can be divided into subcutaneous bleeding, internal bleeding, and external bleeding. Below we introduce to students several methods to stop external bleeding. Hemostasis methods are divided into bandaging to stop bleeding, pressure bandaging to stop bleeding, finger pressure to stop bleeding, tourniquet to stop bleeding, etc. Today, we mainly introduce bandaging to stop bleeding and pressure bandaging to stop bleeding, which are easy for students to master.
Bandage to stop bleeding: It is suitable for superficial wounds with small bleeding. We usually wrap them with band-aids or dressings. We can also use local materials to wrap and stop bleeding with triangular towels, bandages, handkerchiefs, paper towels, clean cloths, etc. Different hemostasis methods are used according to the location and degree of bleeding. Now I will demonstrate to you the acupressure hemostasis, bandage hemostasis and pressure bandage hemostasis methods
1. Acupressure hemostasis: used for wounds with heavy bleeding , accurately grasp the arterial pressure point, press for 10 to 15 minutes, as long as there is no bleeding, and only used for short-term first aid to stop bleeding.
1. Bleeding from the top of the head compresses the superficial temporal artery, located 1.5 cm in front of the ear on the same side as the bleeding.
2. Forearm bleeding, press the upper arm to interrupt the inner side, the wrist is less than the receiving part of the bleeding, and the bleeding can be stopped by pressing the ulnar and radial arteries at the same time.
2. Bandaging to stop bleeding and pressure bandaging to stop bleeding, the materials used are bandages and gauze
Demonstrate several bandaging methods,
3. First aid for foreign body obstruction in the trachea
If the blockage is not complete, you can take self-rescue. Hold a hollow fist in one hand, place the fist two fingers above the navel, hold the fist tightly with the other hand, and punch inwards and upwards with both hands 5 times at the same time. The secondary impacts should be clearly separated. You can also choose to press your upper abdomen against the edge of the table, the back of the chair, and the railing, and impact inward and upward 5 times in a row. Repeat the operation several times to guide the discharge of foreign matter.
In the case of complete blockage, use mutual rescue abdominal shock method. For patients who are conscious and awake, use the standing abdominal impact method. For unconscious patients, use the supine abdominal impact method. The ambulanceman rides on both sides of the patient's hips and places the heel of one hand in the center of the patient's abdomen. Use the two horizontal fingers on the midline and navel without touching the xiphoid process. Put the other hand directly on the back of the first hand, overlap the heels of the two palms, and use both hands to quickly and rhythmically impact upward and inward five times, repeat several times, to guide the foreign body. Drain, check the mouth, and clean out foreign matter.