Keywords: collaborative education; school-enterprise cooperation; industry-academia-research
Fund Project: 2011 Guangdong Province Education Science "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" Planning Research Project - "Higher Vocational The 2011 Guangdong Education Science "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" research project - "Higher vocational colleges and universities medical electronic engineering professional school-enterprise cooperation and international cooperation in the development of the curriculum system"
I. "Collaborative educating" research foundation
1. policy background. After the 211 Project and 985 Project, China's higher education sector officially launched the "2011 Plan" on May 7, 2012, which is another major strategic initiative in China's higher education, i.e., the Plan for Improving the Innovative Capability of Higher Education Institutions. It is proposed in the "2011 Program" that "mechanism and system reform will lead collaborative innovation, and collaborative innovation will lead the overall enhancement of innovation capacity of institutions of higher education", and its core task is to enhance the innovation capacity of the "trinity of talents, disciplines and scientific research". The core task is to enhance the innovation ability of "talents, disciplines and scientific research".
Zhang Li, director of the National Center for Educational Development and Research, believes that the "2011 Plan" is designed to target deeper cooperation between industry, academia and research, which involves enterprises, universities and research institutes, and through such a platform to find the depth of the fit, and transformed into productivity. According to the design of "2011 Program", universities should give full play to their advantages of comprehensive disciplines and wide range of functions, absorb the scientific and technological innovation power of industrial enterprises, establish a number of new collaborative innovation platforms, and gradually build a new mode of "diversified, integrated, dynamic and sustainable" collaborative innovation. The program focuses on promoting various kinds of collaborative innovation within and outside universities. The program focuses on promoting the in-depth integration of various innovation elements inside and outside the university, and establishing a collaborative innovation model through the institutional reform of the university.
2. Status and opportunities. After the introduction of the "2011 Program", the education sector and related departments have conducted some research on the collaborative innovation between industry, academia, research and utilization. The analysis found that the results of these studies are mainly reflected in the field of scientific research development and knowledge value-added, but there is almost no research on the specific "talent cultivation" mode and operational methods. In fact, "collaborative education" should be one of the core concepts in the conceptual system of "collaborative innovation" in colleges and universities. For higher vocational education, in the "talent training" process how to reflect the use of industry-university-research, how to introduce an effective mechanism of collaborative innovation, is obviously a more important research direction.
Second, the cultivation goal of higher vocational education
Higher vocational education is an important part of China's higher education, and the type of talents it cultivates is different from ordinary higher education, emphasizing "practical, application-oriented". Over the years, the cultivation goal of higher vocational education from the beginning of the "technical talents", "application-oriented talents" to the later "practical talents", "highly skilled personnel", the goal of higher vocational education from the beginning of the "technical talents", "application-oriented talents" to the later "practical talents", "highly skilled personnel". Highly skilled personnel", the essence of the senior professional talents, its work connotation is to mature technology and management standards into actual production and service, the work position is the production line. Therefore, the characteristics of the higher vocational education of the training of professional talents positioning and school mode must rely on industry, enterprise, to establish the industry, research and use of "collaborative education" idea.
Shenzhen Institute of Vocational Technology, medical electronics engineering specialties in the process of personnel training over the years, and gradually formed based on the depth of cooperation between schools and enterprises of the concept of collaborative education, has achieved certain results, the following is a brief introduction. 1. The medical electronic engineering specialty originates from the biomedical engineering specialty under the professional catalog of undergraduate education, which is a cross-combination of electronic information disciplines and biomedical disciplines, and the cross-combination of various disciplines is not only reflected in the theoretical level, but also in the integration of technical methodology, which is aimed at the specific application of electronic information engineering disciplines in the field of biomedical sciences. In the context of higher vocational education, Shenzhen Vocational College of Technology's medical electronics engineering program has established more direct contact with the medical device industry, hospital equipment maintenance and management part.
The medical electronic engineering profession adheres to the principle of running a school based on application and serving the local community, combined with the demand for talents from domestic medical equipment enterprises, the target positions are product registration and testing for enterprises, regular maintenance and purchase of medical equipment for hospitals, and its talent training goal is established as: to adapt to the needs of the national economic development in the 21st century, to cultivate the ability of combining the basic theories of medicine, electronics, computers, and information sciences with engineering and technology, and to develop the ability of combining scientific research and technology. The objective of training is to cultivate the basic theories of medicine, electronics, computer and information science and engineering technology, and to develop the scientific research ability, to be able to engage in the research and development of medical equipment, system debugging, maintenance and testing management of broad-bore, composite high-level specialized technical personnel. The core jobs of the students are positioned in the medical device enterprises in urgent need, and at the same time suitable for senior college level of senior technical positions.
2. School-enterprise cooperation ideas. School-enterprise cooperation training mode is one of the effective modes to improve the function of school education, which is not only conducive to the transformation and development of students' knowledge, but also conducive to the cultivation of students' ability and comprehensive quality. If the medical electronic engineering specialty wants to adapt to the needs of social development and cultivate practical talents needed in the context of medical high technology, it should cooperate with medical equipment development enterprises and medical equipment industry associations to run schools through multiple channels, carry out in-depth integration of the teaching mode and curriculum content reform, and explore the talent training mode of "collaborative cultivation" through the integration of industry-university-research and application, strengthen the practical link, and improve the training of students. Talent cultivation mode, strengthen the practice link, focus on cultivating the comprehensive ability of the students, is not lost as an effective way to improve the quality of training of practical talents in medical electronics.
The basic mode of "collaborative education" school-enterprise deep integration
"Collaborative education" school-enterprise cooperation refers to the cooperation between institutions of higher education, industry associations, and related enterprises. *** with the same participation in professional construction, talent training program development and specific teaching activities, both sides in the production, teaching, research and other areas of in-depth cooperation, make full use of a variety of social resources, so that the school training of talents in line with the actual needs of the development of enterprises, to achieve the effect of school, business, industry, students, society and other win-win situation. Enterprises need talents and desire the talents cultivated by the school to be "satisfactory", the industry can integrate the demands of most related enterprises and participate in perfecting and integrating the school's specialties and curricula; the students can contact the enterprise knowledge and understand the industry and social demands during their study period, which is of positive significance to their own personal development in the future; and the society and the *** authorities can guide and coordinate the above mentioned parties. The competent authorities can guide and coordinate the above parties to realize the interests of different goals **** through. Therefore, "educating people" is the basis of a multi-win situation, as long as the parties involved in the cooperation reach a **** understanding on this point, the "collaborative education" mechanism can be effectively implemented in the long term.
The deep integration of schools and enterprises is the root of "collaborative education", and the enrichment of the connotation of cooperation is the essence of "collaborative education", combined with the characteristics of the specialty, the school and the enterprise in "collaborative education". In the spirit of higher vocational education "based on the application, service local" professional positioning mode, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of their own disciplines, employing business people to guide the professional construction, set up by the industry, enterprises, *** departments and other personnel composed of the "industry-university-research and use of the Teaching and Learning Steering Committee We set up the "Industry-University-Research-Use Teaching Steering Committee" composed of people from industries, enterprises and *** departments, and hold regular meetings to discuss and explore the demand for the job capacity of this specialty. Based on the policy of "enterprise demand-oriented, win-win cooperation as the goal", the establishment of the corresponding industry occupational positions, in order to achieve the subject chain docking industry chain, professional chain docking occupation chain, and can follow the direction of industrial development, and constantly adjust the connotation of the profession to meet the occupational job clusters and the needs of the typical work tasks.
At present, the medical electronic engineering students employment positions are concentrated in the production workshop, testing department, customer service department, clinical hospital equipment section, etc., the school can sign a school-enterprise cooperation agreement with these enterprises, listed to establish the "training base". Professional teachers in the "internship base" employment positions, through the work practice method to analyze the job tasks and student competence research, using questionnaires, event interviews, customer interviews and other means to obtain information about student competence. By sorting out the above information, a discussion document on typical work tasks of specialized job clusters is formed. According to the "Practical Expert Selection Criteria" in the "Industry-University-Research-Use Teaching Steering Committee", experts with rich practical experience will be selected to hold a practical expert argumentation meeting to discuss, analyze and validate the professional orientation of the specialty, and come up with a systematic systemization of the professional positions and their typical work tasks. Work process. Sorting and summarizing the typical work tasks to form the field of action of the profession, including the description of work tasks, work processes and methods, objects, tools, labor organization and requirements, covering all the skills, knowledge and abilities corresponding to the job group work tasks.
2. Knowledge architecture level. With curriculum construction as the core, the "University-Industry-Research Teaching Steering Committee" meets once every two years, focusing on professional positioning, curriculum development, employment needs and other aspects of the opinions and suggestions. Teachers and members of industry associations, front-line technicians and managers of enterprises*** work together to analyze curricula, formulate syllabi by incorporating vocational elements, complete the macro- and micro-design of teaching, develop quality standards and examination methods, and establish a new way of thinking based on the platform of school-enterprise cooperation*** for developing the curriculum system standards of specialized learning areas. Combined with the characteristics of the profession, the systematization and standardization of the combined engineering-learning professional courses are completed, and the system standards of the professional courses are formed. The professional teachers refer to the standards for the development of the school-enterprise cooperation courses, integrate the characteristics of the courses, and carry out the design of the courses oriented to the work positions and the work process, in terms of constructing the learning context, formulating the learning objectives and contents, planning the work tasks, exploring the teaching methods, determining the class time arrangement and the performance examination plan, and so on. The school-enterprise cooperation in the development of the curriculum is implemented one by one, and the course outline and teaching materials are finally formed.
Schools can standardize the management of various professional curriculum development standards, and assist professional teachers to follow up the curriculum development process with enterprises from the policy and management levels. Professional teachers themselves should actively communicate with such enterprises, refer to the curriculum development standards, complete the various stages of the development of the course tasks and collect course teaching materials.
3. Ability development level. Vocational ability development through the "from beginner to expert" five stages, in the school-enterprise cooperation in the practical training links, further discussion with the "training base" of the relevant job managers, through the analysis of the professional field of action of the typical work tasks, the vocational abilities By analyzing the typical work tasks in the field of professional action, summarizing and extracting the vocational ability, establishing the vocational ability cultivation goal including professional ability, social ability and methodological ability, planning the practical training link in the process of professional cultivation, so as to make an all-around docking with the employing demand of enterprises.
4. Humanistic quality level. Participating in the "collaborative education" of the main elements in addition to the construction of the curriculum, practical training supporting the realization of cooperation in the development and resource **** enjoyment, school and enterprise cultural construction and other soft resources complementary and **** enjoyment should be more worthy of attention. To quality training as the goal, build schools, enterprises, social *** with the participation of cultural education classroom, so that students not only have the scientific pursuit of professional construction, but also have the culture of adult humanistic ideals.
Fourth, the effectiveness of "collaborative education"
Deep integration of school-enterprise cooperation "collaborative education" training mode, can achieve a multi-win school, students, enterprises and society. The professional positioning for vocational positions, the construction of the curriculum based on typical work processes, and the clear orientation of professional and humanistic qualities for the cultivation of competence have made the school more competitive in terms of professionalism and cultivation of talents through the discussions of the Industry-University-Research-Teaching Steering Committee. Teachers are in close contact with the society and can follow the technology development trend in time, and the teachers' strength is strengthened. The "people" under the cultivation mode of "collaborative education" are the biggest beneficiaries. Students are exposed to the society and the industry in advance during their school years, which increases their personal competitiveness in future employment, and the training of practical ability and comprehensive professional quality will make their work more easily recognized by enterprises. Recognition. Some students are able to contribute to the development of the enterprise, some students become the backbone of the enterprise in the technology, which is the embodiment of the students' personal value in the enterprise. The long-term "collaborative education" mechanism established with the school effectively solves the talent bottleneck in the development of enterprises, and the order-based talent cultivation saves a lot of hiring costs and training costs for enterprises.
To improve the quality of higher vocational colleges and universities, and to promote the further development of higher vocational education, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of school-enterprise cooperation "collaborative education" model of the deeper connotation. To explore the mode of higher vocational education and operation mechanism suitable for China's socialist market economy system, there is still further practice and exploration.
References:
Xu Pingli. The Value Concept of "Collaborative Parenting" in Higher Vocational Education. Vocational Education Forum, 2013, (01).
Chai Jihong. Research on the curriculum system of combining work and study based on the platform of school-enterprise cooperation. Vocational Education Newsletter, 2011, (05).
Study on the Type and Method of Higher Vocational Education Examination Based on the Cultivation of Highly Skilled Talents. Study on the Cooperation Mode of "Politics, Schools and Enterprises" in Higher Vocational Education and Exploration of Problems and Countermeasures for the Construction of Higher Vocational Education Teachers Teams.